The Effect of Duty Drawback on Export Promotion in Korea: A Comparative Analysis of the Simplified Fixed Drawback and the Individual Drawback Seo-Young Lee a a Department of International Trade, Mokwo

Seo-Young Lee 한국무역연구원 2019 무역연구 Vol.15 No.4

Purpose - This paper examines the effectiveness of the duty drawback system in the promotion of export in Korea In particular, this study analyzes and compares the effects of individual drawback and simplified fixed drawback types of duty drawback. Design/methodology/approach - The empirical analysis examined how the simplified fixed drawback and the individual drawback of duty drawback affected export supply. To analyze the independent variable, an export supply equation was formed using variables such as values of duty drawback, export relative price, and domestic demand pressure. The study began with tests of the stationarity of time series data. The unit root tests showed that all concerned variables were non-stationary. Accordingly, the result of cointegration test showed that the tested variables are not cointegrated. Findings - The empirical evidence using the first differenced data shows that the provision of individual drawback and simplified fixed drawback types of duty drawback by the government does have a significant effect on increasing the export supply of Korea. In other words, the empirical evidence shows that the duty drawback scheme of Korea contributes to export promotion. Research implications or Originality - The analysis of the effect of export promotion by type of drawback is a research topic that has not been attempted in previous studies. The results of this study will provide sufficient basis for the policy implications in the operation of the duty drawback system. Therefore, this study can provide important policy implications in terms of export promotion and efficient allocation of resources, as well as improving the system of duty drawback system, which is an exceptional export subsidy system that can be legally operated under the WTO system.

조선후기 천문학자 이덕성의 생애와 천문활동

안영숙,민병희,서윤경,이기원,AHN, YOUNG SOOK,MIHN, BYEONG-HEE,SEO, YOON KYEONG,LEE, KI-WON 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.2

The life and astronomical activity of Lee Deok-Seong (李德星, 1720-1794) was studied using various historical sources, including the astronomical almanac, Seungjeongwon-Ilgi (Daily records of Royal Secretariat of Joseon dynasty), and the Gwansang-Gam's logbooks during Joseon dynasty (A.D. 1392-1910). We present the results of the study including the following main findings. First, from the investigation of Lee's family tree, we find that a number of his relatives were also astronomers, notably Samryeok-Gwan (三曆官, the post of calendrical calculation). Second, we find that he took part in the compilation of an annual astronomical almanac over a period of at least 16 years. His major achievements in the astronomy of the Joseon dynasty were to establish a new method of calendar-making calculation and to bring astronomical materials to the Joseon court through a visit to China. The Joseon dynasty enforced the Shixianli (時憲曆, a Chinese calendar made by Adam Shall) in 1654 without fully understanding the calendar. So an astronomer and an envoy were dispatched to China in order to master the intricacies of the calendar and to learn as much of Western science as was available in that time and place. Lee Deok-Seong worked at the Gwansang-Gam (觀象監, Royal Astronomical Bureau) during the reigns of King Yeongjo (英祖) and Jeongjo (正祖). As best as we can ascertain in relation with the calculations in the Shixian calendar, Lee visited China four times. During his trips and interactions, he learned a new method for calendar-making calculations, and introduced many Western-Chinese astronomical books to Joseon academia. Lee greatly improved the accuracy of calendrical calculations, even while simplifying the calculation process. With these achievements, he finally was promoted to the title of Sungrok-Daebu (崇祿大夫), the third highest grade of royal official. In conclusion, history demonstrates that Lee Deok-Seong was one of the most outstanding astronomers in the late-Joseon dynasty.

고령자 급성 췌장염의 임상적 고찰

백용한,서정훈,송건훈,이진헌,송시영,정재복,강진경,박인서,이수진 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

소음인(少陰人) 태음병(太陰病) 심하비증(心下?證)의 병증약리(病證藥理) 고찰

서영광,이지원,이준희,최원철,이의주,고병희,Seo, Young-Kwang,Lee, Ji-Won,Lee, Jun-Hee,Choi, Won-Cheol,Lee, Eui-Ju,Kho, Byung-Hee 사상체질의학회 2010 사상체질의학회지 Vol.22 No.3

1. Objective: Gastric Stuffiness (心下?證) in the Soeumin Taeeum symptomatology (少陰人 太陰病) in Sasang Constitutional Medicine shows an interesting evolutionary process. Originally found in the texts of Sanghanlun (傷寒論), the perspectives regarding the symptoms of Gastric Stuffiness were expanded by many medical scholars and Lee Jema. To comprehend the Jema's concept of Taeeum symptomatology and utilize his prescription clinically, it deserves to study on the Gastric Stuffiness in Donguisuseowon (東醫壽世保元). 2. Methods: Many texts including Sanghanlun (傷寒論) and Dongeuibogam (東醫寶鑑) were reviewed in order to track the evolutionary process concerning the symptoms of Gastric Stuffiness. Also, Lee Jema's works including the different versions of Donguisuseowon (東醫壽世保元) were reviewed to examine the development of Lee's concepts regarding the Gastric Stuffiness in the Soeumin Taeeum symptomatology. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) Most of the previous concepts on Gastric Stuffiness were generally similar to those found in Sanghanlun, especially in that they addressed Yang deficiency of the middle triple energizeer as the central pathogenic process. 2) Lee Jema's views on the epigastric discomfort in the Soeumin Taeeum symptomatology evoloved over time and culminated in the finalized pathology and therapeutics appearing in his last work, the Shinchuk version of Donguisuseowon (東醫壽世保元). 3) 4 kinds of prescription which invented by Lee Jema to treat the Gastric Stuffiness in the Soeumin Taeeum symptomatology can be matched to the prescription of Sanghanlun respectively. However through evolutionary process of Jema's prescriptions, the indication of them expanded: not only to treat Gastric Stuffiness but to diverse symptoms of Soeumin.

국가예방접종전산등록체계 개발을 위한 민간의료 기관 하부구조 및 환경 조사연구

이무식,김은영,이건세,이석구,홍지영,김건엽,김대경,신의철,이연경,기몽서,나백주,김영택 한국모자보건학회 2003 한국모자보건학회지 Vol.7 No.2

정신분열병 환자 가족을 위한 한 정신교육적 가족치료 모형의 효과

이영호,심주철,이상경,서영수,김용관,김규수,김영훈 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.3

연구목적 : 본 교실에서 정신분열병 환자 가족을 대상으로 시행 중인 장기 정신교육적 가족치료모형을 소개하고, 이모형이 가족의 대처방식과 우울증상, 환자가 자각하는 가족의 정서적 지지와 우울증상, 재입원율 및 사회재활상태에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 방 법 : 연구대상은 DSM-IV 진단기준에 의해 정신분열병으로 진단받고 외래 통원치료를 받고 있는 환자와 그 보호자였다. 교육군은 전체 19회 교육 중 최소 ⅔이상 참여한 11명의 환자와 가족이었고 비교육군은 부산소재의 종합병원에서 가족교육을 받지 않고 통원치료만을 받았던 11명의 환자와 가족이었다. 정신교육적 가족치료 모형의 효과는 가족의 대처방식과 우울증상, 환자가 자각하는 가족의 정서적 지지와 우울증상, 재입원율, 사호재활 실태로 나누어 평가했다. 평가도구는 The Ways of Coping Checklist의 국내번안용, Family Emotional Support Questionnaire for Transaction. Beck Depression Inventory를 이용했다. 재입원율 및 사회재활 실태에 대한 평가는 환자 및 가족과의 면담을 통해 조사했다. 결 과 : 본 연구의 정신교육적 가족치료 모형 실시 후 가족의 대처방식 중 적극적 대처는 교육군운 의미있게 증가한 반면 비교육군에서는 변화가 없었다. 소극적 대처 교육군은 의미있게 감소했으나 비교육군에서는 변화가 없었다. 가족치료모형 실시 전 가족들은 양군 모두 심한 우울증상을 갖고 있었다. 가족치료모형 실시 후 가족의 우울증상은 교육군에서 감소, 비교육군은 증가를 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 환자가 지각하는 가족의 정서적 지지 평가척도점수는 교육군은 의미있는 증가를 보였으나 비교육군에서는 변화가 없었다. 환자의 우울증상의 교육군에서는 현저한 감소를 보인 반면 비교육군은 상반되게 증가했다. 가족의 적극적 대처가 환자가 자각하는 정서적 지지의 증가 및 우울증상 감소와 의미있는 상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 교육군의 환자들이 비교육군의 환자들보다 장기가족교육 종료시점과 9개월 경과 후의 추적 평가에서 재입원율이 현저히 낮았고, 사회재활상태도 좋았다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 실시된 장기 가족교육모형은 가족의 대처방식을 향상시키고, 우울증상의 감소를 가져오며, 환자가 자각하는 가족의 정서적 지지 향상 및 우울증상의 호전을 가져오고, 재입원율의 저하 및 사회재활의 향상을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. Objectives : This study was performed to introduce a psychoeducational family therapy model for the families of schizophrenic patient and to investigate the effect of this model on the changes in coping style and depressive symptoms of the family members, and in perception of emotional support by families and depressive symptoms of patients. Methods : Subjects were schizophrenic out-patients, who fufilled DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, and their families. The members of "education group" were 11 families and patients who participated in more than two thirds of 19 sessions of the program. The members of "non-education group" were 11 families and patients who had no experience of family education and were treated in a general hospital in Pusan. Clinical ratings were performed using by The Ways of Coping Checklist, Family Emotional Support Questionnaire for Transactions, and Beck Depression Inventory. Results : Coping style was changed positively, in education group but not in non-education group. The depressive symptoms of families were decreased in educated group and increased in non-educated group, although there were no statistical significance. In education group, patients felt much better emotional support by their families than patients in non-education group did. At the same time, their depressive symptoms were significantly reduced. The patients from education group were on more successful rehabilitation than those from non-education group were. Conclusion : Our results suggest that this psychoeducational family therapy model would be helpful to induce the positive changes in coping styles and reduce the depressive symptoms of family members, and it could also induce the reduction of depressive symptoms of schizophrenic patients and help their rehabilitation.

심혈관계 질환으로 관상질환 집중치료실에 입원한 환자들의 혜후 측정을 위한 APACHEⅢ점수 체계의 임상적 유용성

이공섭,이창선,최현주,홍종서,강지향,김도형,이민영,오인균,김병엽,김상억,김학찬,한승혜,이재용,지영우,안경주 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.8

기관지 방선균증의 임상 1례

이은영,장태원,정만홍,옥철호,이규원,손창배,이지숙,신은경,서정아,백종현,김영옥 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative infection, whitch infiltrates mucosa-associated tissues. Thoracic, pelvic and cervicofacial infections of actinomyces are not uncommon, but endobronchial actinomycosis is rarely reported. We report a case of a 29 year old man who presented with a recurrent pneumonia and chronic cough. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed occlusion of the right. lower medio-basal segment bronchus with exophytic endobronchial mass. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically by demonstration of sulfur granules in the bronchoscopic biopsy of the mass. Intravenous administration of amoxacillin and clindamycin followed by oral amoxacillin and clindamycin therapy resulted in complete recovery.

太子蔘의 造血作用에 對한 實驗的 硏究

徐榮培,李龍求,李永喆,李太元 대한본초학회 2002 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

In order to investigate the hematopoietic effects of Pseudostellariae Radix various experiment about hematopoiesis were studied. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the proliferous effect of bone marrow cells, water extracts of Pseudostellariae Radix played an important role on the proliferating bone marrow cells compared with control group. 2. The water extracts of Pseudostellariae Radix activated the bone marrow cells. 3. The water extracts of Pseudostellariae Radix promoted the proliferation of the bone marrow cells into cluster, BFU-E, CFU-GEMM. 4. In the bone marrow cells treated with CTX, the water extracts of Pseudostellariae Radix promoted the SCF, EPO, IL-4, IL-6 gene expression, but gene expression of its receptors, c-kit, EPO-R, TPO, c-mpl, EKLF, GATA-1 were not promoted significantly. According to the above results, water extracts of Pseudostellariae Radix promoted not only the differentiation of the bone marrow cells into CFU-GEMM which mother cell of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, monocytes and macrophages, but also the differentiation of the bone marrow cells into BFU-E. On the other hand, in the gene expression that have a lot of hematopoietic effects in the early differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells by promoting the gene expression of SCF, EPO, IL-4, IL-6 and so forth. Above results also demonstrates that the water extracts of Pseudostellariae Radix have somewhat meaningful effects in hematogenesis but not sufficient to explain its mechanisms about hematogenesis, therefore further deep studies should be accomplished about its mechanisms.

蒼耳子의 IC - 2 細胞에 대한 抗알러지 效果에 關한 硏究 ( 2 )

徐榮培,崔永奉,李龍求,李永喆 대한본초학회 2002 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

This study was carried out for the purpose of knowing the effect from anti-allergic action of B cells and the IC-2 mast cells the extraction from Xanthii Fructus(EXF). In order to know the effect of the cytotoxicity from extraction of Xanthii Fructus, we had to examine the safe density of EXF on lung fibroblast cells of the mouse (mLPCs). We also attempted to resolve the relationship cytotoxicity. The effect was on the organization of cytokine gene expression from the increas and divorce of the B cells and allergic acting by EXF, we found it necessary to examine the IC-2 cells and B cells. We examined the histamine release of IC-2 cells by ELISA method, we also examined the effect of EXF on the increase and divorce of the B cells by ^3H-thymidine uptake method. We then analyzed the release of IL-4, IgE and nitric oxide (NO). The results are as follows : 1. EXF did not show cytotoxicity against mLFCs. 2. According to the inspection on the effect on IC-2 cells gene expression by EXF, we found out the following results: EXF reduced IL-4, IL-6, GM-CSF, TNF-α gene expression and histamine release of IC-2 cells. The EXF inhibited signs of inflammation IC-2 cells.