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정성훈(Jung, Sung-Hun),안세진(Ahn, Se-Jin),윤재호(Yun, Jae-Ho),곽지혜(Gwak, Ji-Hye),조아라(Cho, A-Ra),윤경훈(Yoon, Kyung-Hoon),김동환(Kim, Dong-Hwan) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11
Despite the success of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) based PV technology now emerging in several industrial initiatives, concerns about the cost of In and Ga are often expressed. It is believed that the cost of those elements will eventually limit the cost reduction of this technology. One candidate to replace CIGS is Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ (CZTSe), fabricated by co-evaporation technique. Co-evaporation technique will be one of the best methods to control film composition. This type of absorber derives from the CuInSe² chalcopyrite structure by substituting half of the indium atoms with zinc and other half with tin. Energy bandgap of this material has been reported to range from 0.8eV for selenide to 1.5eV for the sulfide and large coefficient in the order of 10^{14}cm^{-1}, which means large possibility of commercial production of the most suitable absorber by using the CZTSe film. In this work, Effects of substrate temperature of Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ absorber layer on the performance of thin films solar cells were investigated. We reported on some of the absorber properties and device results.
Se-Ra Min,Young-Jin Jung,Tae-Hyung Yoon,Nam-Hae Jung,Tae-Hoon Kim 한국콘텐츠학회 2020 International Journal of Contents Vol.16 No.1
We sought to compare upper extremity muscle activity between handwriting on paper and touchscreen with dominant and non-dominant hands in younger adults (age 23.90±1.12) and the elderly (age 75.55±5.76). Muscle activity (percent of maximum voluntary contraction) in the biceps brachii muscle, triceps brachii muscle, flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle was measured using an electromyography device. As a result, our data indicate that muscle activity is lower in younger adults than the elderly. Besides, muscle activity is lower in the dominant versus non-dominant hand, and lower when writing using a touchscreen than on paper. These results can be used to support recommending touchscreens in the elderly. Also, they can be used as baseline data for comparing the performance of non-paretic side and paretic side in patients relative to the central nervous system.
Se-Ra Lee,Jung-Min Yon,Mi-Ra Kim,Yan-Jin,In-Jeoung Baek,Yun-Bae Kim,Byeongwoo Ahn,Beom-Jun Lee,Sang-Yoon Nam,Young Won Yun 한국실험동물학회 2007 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.23 No.1
To understand the antioxidative effect of licorice on the female reproductive system, we analyzed the mRNA expression patterns of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family (type 1-4) in the ovary and uterus of rats exposed to licorice. Licorice, the root of the leguminous Glycyrrhiza, is one of the most frequently employed botanicals in foods and traditional medicines, which is known to have antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-allergic and antiviral activities, in addition to estrogenic properties. However, there is no report on the effects of licorice in the reproductive organs. Licorice extracts (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/㎏ body weight) were treated to 8-week-old female rats for 4 weeks daily per oral. Total RNAs were extracted from ovary and uterus and then RT-PCR analysis was performed with the specific primers of each GPx enzyme. In ovaries, GPx1, GPx3, and GPx4 mRNA levels were slightly decreased compared with those of control group. Especially, GPx3 mRNA expression was decreased dose-dependantly in ovaries. However, GPx2 mRNA was weakly increased in ovary. On the contrary, the gene expression of GPx1-3 in uteri tended to increase slightly compared to control group. GPx4 mRNA expression was decreased by 0.5 g/㎏ of licorice in uterus, but increased by treatment with 1 and 2 g/㎏ of licorice. These findings indicate that licorice maybe differently influenced on the antioxidant systems of ovary and uterus.
Se-Ra Lee,Jung-Min Yon,Mi-Ra Kim,Yan Jin,In-Jeoung Baek,Yun-Bae Kim,Byeongwoo Ahn,Beom-Jun Lee,Young Won Yun,Sang-Yoon Nam 한국실험동물학회 2007 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.23 No.1
Licorice, the root of the leguminous Glycyrrhiza, is one of the most frequently employed botanicals in foods and traditional medicines, which is composed of triterpene saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, pectins, simple sugars, amino acids, mineral salts, and various other substances. To investigate whether licorice affects on the antioxidant system of male reproductive organs, we analyzed the mRNA expression pattern of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family (type 1-4) in the reproductive tissues including testes, epididymides, prostates, and seminal vesicles of rats exposed to licorice. Licorice extracts (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/㎏ body weight) were treated to 6-week-old-male rats for 4 weeks daily per oral. Total RNAs were extracted from the male reproductive tissues, and then RT-PCR was performed with the specific primers of each GPx enzyme. The GPx1 mRNA expression was similar to control group in testes, epididymides, and seminal vesicles, but was significantly increased in the prostates exposed to 0.5, 1, and 2 g/㎏ of licorice. There was no significant difference in the expression of GPx2 mRNA among control group and licorice-treated groups. The GPx3 mRNA was weakly increased except for 2 g/㎏ group in testes, but was weakly decreased in epididymides. GPx4 mRNA was not changed in testes, but was slightly decreased in epididymides, seminal vesicles, and prostates by 0.5 and 2 g/㎏ of licorice. These findings indicate that licorice affects the expression of GPx genes in male reproductive system.
A Multicenter Retrospective Study of Outpatient Intravenous Sedation for Dental Treatments
Se Hwa Jung,Sang Hyun Baik,Hyun Ki Roh,Na Ra Kang,Jae Jung Im,Byung Ha Lee,Jae Yoon Jeon,Kyung Gyun Hwnag,Kwang Sup Shim,Chang Joo Park 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2009 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.31 No.2S
Park, Se-Ra,Kim, Dong-Jae,Han, Seung-Hyun,Kang, Min-Jung,Lee, Jun-Young,Jeong, Yu-Jin,Lee, Sang-Jin,Kim, Tae-Hyoun,Ahn, Sang-Gun,Yoon, Jung-Hoon,Park, Jong-Hwan American Society for Microbiology 2014 Infection and immunity Vol.82 No.5
<P>Toll-like receptors (TLRs) orchestrate a repertoire of immune responses in macrophages against various pathogens. <I>Fusobacterium nucleatum</I> and <I>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</I> are two important periodontal pathogens. In the present study, we investigated TLR signaling regulating cytokine production of macrophages in response to <I>F. nucleatum</I> and <I>A. actinomycetemcomitans</I>. TLR2 and TLR4 are redundant in the production of cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) in <I>F. nucleatum</I>- and <I>A. actinomycetemcomitans</I>-infected macrophages. The production of cytokines by macrophages in response to <I>F. nucleatum</I> and <I>A. actinomycetemcomitans</I> infection was impaired in MyD88-deficient macrophages. Moreover, cytokine concentrations were lower in MyD88-deficient macrophages than in TLR2/TLR4 (TLR2/4) double-deficient cells. An endosomal TLR inhibitor, chloroquine, reduced cytokine production in TLR2/4-deficient macrophages in response to <I>F. nucleatum</I> and <I>A. actinomycetemcomitans</I>, and DNA from <I>F. nucleatum</I> or <I>A. actinomycetemcomitans</I> induced IL-6 production in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), which was abolished by chloroquine. Western blot analysis revealed that TLR2/4 and MyD88 were required for optimal activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in macrophages in response to <I>F. nucleatum</I> and <I>A. actinomycetemcomitans</I>, with different kinetics. An inhibitor assay showed that NF-κB and all MAPKs (p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK], and Jun N-terminal protein kinase [JNK]) mediate <I>F. nucleatum</I>-induced production of cytokines in macrophages, whereas NF-κB and p38, but not ERK and JNK, are involved in <I>A. actinomycetemcomitans</I>-mediated cytokine production. These findings suggest that multiple TLRs may participate in the cytokine production of macrophages against periodontal bacteria.</P>