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Hydroquinone Exhibits In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Cancer Activity in Cancer Cells and Mice
Byeon, Se Eun,Yi, Young-Su,Lee, Jongsung,Yang, Woo Seok,Kim, Ji Hye,Kim, Jooyoung,Hong, Suntaek,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Cho, Jae Youl MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.3
<P>Hydroquinone (HQ, 1,4-benzenediol) is a hydroxylated benzene metabolite with various biological activities, including anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory functions. However, the anti-cancer activity of HQ is not well understood. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity of HQ was investigated in various cancer cells and tumor-bearing mouse models. HQ significantly induced the death of A431, SYF, B16F10, and MDA-MB-231 cells and also showed a synergistic effect on A431 cell death with other anti-cancer agents, such as adenosine-2′,3′-dialdehyde and buthionine sulfoximine. In addition, HQ suppressed angiogenesis in fertilized chicken embryos. Moreover, HQ prevented lung metastasis of melanoma cells in mice in a dose-dependent manner without toxicity and adverse effects. HQ (10 mg/kg) also suppressed the generation of colon and reduced the thickness of colon tissues in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-injected mice. This study strongly suggests that HQ possesses in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity and provides evidence that HQ could be developed as an effective and safe anti-cancer drug.</P>
Inhibition of cytokine expression by a butanol extract from Cordyceps bassiana.
Byeon, Se Eun,Lee, Song Yi,Kim, Ae Ra,Lee, Jaehwi,Sung, Gi Ho,Jang, Hyun-Jae,Kim, Tae-Woong,Park, Hyoung Jin,Lee, Sang-Jin,Hong, Sungyoul,Cho, Jae Youl Govi-Verlag Pharmazeutischer Verlag [etc.] ; Verla 2011 PHARMAZIE Vol.66 No.1
<P>Cordyceps species have been known since long as a multi-utility ethnomedicinal herbal in Korea, China and Japan. It has been reported to exhibit a number of properties such as anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, antiinflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity effects. In a previously conducted study, we had demonstrated that the ethanol extract of Cordyceps bassiana was able to suppress the production of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in macrophages and T lymphocytes. In this study, we were able to further explore the molecular basis of its inhibitory mechanism using a butanol fraction of this herbal (Cb-BF) preparation. Similarly, this fraction also blocked the expression of cytokines such as IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha as well as the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and their production of IFN-gamma but not IL-4. Cb-BF suppressed the luciferase activities that are mediated by nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, activator protein (AP)-1, and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)-1. In agreement with this, these fractions diminished the translocation of the transcription factors into the nucleus. The study also demonstrated that the upstream signaling events for the activation of these factors such as spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), janus kinase (JAK)-2, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were suppressed. Therefore, these results suggest that the butanol extract of Cordyceps bassiana may contain more than one active component capable of inhibiting the inflammatory signaling cascade and this can be considered as a potential candidate for treatment of diseases that require suppression of immune system.</P>
Byeon, Se Eun,Lee, Jaehwi,Yoo, Byong Chul,Sung, Gi Ho,Kim, Tae Woong,Park, Hyoung Jin,Cho, Jae Youl Informa Healthcare 2011 IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY Vol.33 No.1
<P><I>Cordyceps</I> species have been known as ethnopharmacologically valuable mushroom in Korea, China, and Japan. This plant has been reported to exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities such as antioxidative, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiobesity effects. Although numerous pharmacological potentials of <I>Cordyceps</I> spp. have been demonstrated, immunomodulatory effect of <I>Cordyceps bassiana</I> has not been published yet. To evaluate its immunomodulatory activity, macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were employed and the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) was explored in terms of understanding its molecular inhibitory mechanism. Seventy percent of ethanol extract from <I>Cordyceps bassiana</I> (Cb-EE) was able to suppress the expression of IL-12, a cytokine regulating interferon-γ款 (IFN-γ款)-producing T helper type 1 (Th1) polarization response, at the transcriptional levels. The inhibitory effect of Cb-EE seemed to be due to activator protein-1 (AP-1) translocation inhibition, according to immunoblotting analysis with nuclear fraction and luciferase assay. In agreement with this, Cb-EE strongly suppressed the phosphorylation of p38, a prime signal to stimulate AP-1 translocation and IL-12 production, strongly suppressed by SB203580, a p38 inhibitor. Furthermore, this extract also suppressed IFN-γ款 production in both phytohemaglutinin A and LPS-activated splenocytes. Our results suggest that Cb-EE can be applied as a Th1 response regulatory herbal medicine.</P>
Byeon, Se-Eun,Lee, Yong-Gyu,Kim, Byung-Hun,Shen, Ting,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Park, Hwa-Jin,Park, Seung-Chun,Rhee, Man-Hee,Cho, Jae-Youl The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2008 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.18 No.12
Surfactin is a natural biosurfactant derived from Bacillus subtilis and has various biological activities such as anticancer, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the inhibitory mechanism of surfactin in NO production from macrophages was examined. Surfactin down regulated LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells and primary macrophages with $IC_{50}$ values of 31.6 and $22.4{\mu}M$, respectively. Immunoblotting analysis showed that surfactin strongly blocked the phosphorylation of IKK and $l{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and the nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ (p65). Therefore, these data suggest that surfactin may act as a bacterium-derived anti-inflammatory agent with anti-$NF-{\kappa}B$ activity.
Lee, Jinjoo,Byeon, Se Eun,Jung, Ju Yeol,Kang, Myeong-Ho,Park, Yu-Jin,Jung, Kyeong-Eun,Bae, Yong-Soo Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2015 Molecules and cells Vol.38 No.2
DBM-2198, a six-membered azasugar nucleotide (6-AZN)-containing phosphorothioate (P = S) oligonucleotide (AZPSON), was described in our previous publication [Lee et al. (2005)] with regard to its antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of HIV-1 variants. This report describes the mechanisms underlying the anti-HIV-1 properties of DBM-2198. The LTR-mediated reporter assay indicated that the anti-HIV-1 activity of DBM-2198 is attributed to an extracellular mode of action rather than intracellular sequence-specific antisense activity. Nevertheless, the antiviral properties of DBM-2198 and other AZPSONs were highly restricted to HIV-1. Unlike other P = S oligonucleotides, DBM-2198 caused no host cell activation upon administration to cultures. HIV-1 that was pre-incubated with DBM-2198 did not show any infectivity towards host cells whereas host cells pre-incubated with DBM-2198 remained susceptible to HIV-1 infection, suggesting that DBM-2198 acts on the virus particle rather than cell surface molecules in the inhibition of HIV-1 infection. Competition assays for binding to HIV-1 envelope protein with anti-gp120 and anti-V3 antibodies revealed that DBM-2198 acts on the viral attachment site of HIV-1 gp120, but not on the V3 region. This report provides a better understanding of the antiviral mechanism of DBM-2198 and may contribute to the development of a potential therapeutic drug against a broad spectrum of HIV-1 variants.