Restoration Project of Heumgyeonggak-nu (欽敬閣漏) in the King Sejong Era

Sang Hyuk Kim,Yong-Hyun Yun2,Byeong-Hee Mihn,Seon Young Ham,Kyung Ha Lee,Dae-Sik Yoon,Go-Eun Choi,Ho-Chul Ki,Myung-Kyoon Yoon 한국천문학회 2017 天文學會報 Vol.42 No.2

Source-Sink Partitioning of Mineral Nutrients and Photo-assimilates in Tomato Plants Grown under Suboptimal Nutrition

Jwakyung Sung,Suyeon Lee,Yejin Lee,Hongbae Yun,Sangkeun Ha,Yongsik Ok 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.6

A huge number of greenhouse soils in Korea have accumulated mineral elements which induce many nutritional and pathological problems. The present study was performed to the effects of the reduced fertilization on plant growth, and uptake and partitioning of minerals (N, P, K) and soluble carbohydrates using highly minerals-accumulated farmer’s greenhouse soil. On the basis of the recommended application for tomato crop, the application rates of N, P and K were 110(50%)-5.2(5%)-41.5(35%)kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively, using Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Tomato growth rates during the whole experiment were not significant between treatments, but it was found that a decrease in daily growth represented after 60 days of treatment (DAT). The reduced application led to a drastic decrease in the concentration of N, P and K in fruits, and, thus, this resulted in lower uptake after 40 DAT. The lower phloem export and utilization of soluble carbohydrates caused an accumulation of extra-carbohydrates in leaves, stems and fruits in the reduced application. The reduced fertilization induced the capture of N, P and K in leaves and of soluble carbohydrates in stems compared to the conventional application. In this study, we suggest that it is possible to delay the first fertigation time in minerals-accumulated soils without an adverse impact on crop growth, but it is necessary to regularly monitor mineral status in soil to ensure a balanced uptake, synthesis and partitioning of minerals and carbohydrates.

흰물떼새(Charadrius alexandrinus)의 번식 성공에 대한 환경 요인의 영향

이동윤 ( Dong-yun Lee ),이주현 ( Ju-hyun Lee ),성하철 ( Ha-cheol Sung ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

The nest fate of plovers have been affected from around environmental factors such as vegetation, sediment grain size and others, because these factors correlate with the camouflage and consistent temperature of nest. The Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) is known to select nest site where vegetation cover is low to easily detect predators. However, recent studies show that their nest successes positively correlate with vegetation cover rate, because vegetation can hide incubating parents from predators. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the relationships between vegetation cover and nest fate, and between breeding success and other environmental factors (such as, sand, shell etc.). This study was carried out from early March to late July in 2020 at Saemangeum, specifically (1) Mangyeong estuary, Gunsan, Jellabuk-do; (2) Dongjin estuary, Buan, Jellabuk-do. The study area is reclaimed land with sandy coastal environment, and the size of Mangyeong estuary was about 1,011 ha, Dongjin estuary was about 893 ha. Sedges (family Cyperaceae) were the major vegetation in these locations. We analyzed the effect of environmental factors on the breeding success of Kentish plovers. First, we measured five variables in field: nest diameter (cm), nest height (cm), nest slope (°), distance from nest to the nearest vegetation (m), and the height of the nearest vegetation (cm). Then, we obtained the coordinate of each nest with a GPS and measured distance from nest to water resource (m) using satellite map (Kakao map). We also estimated the cover of environmental factors using 1m² quadrat. The quadrat photos were taken by two ways for each nest: 1) centered on the nest within a 1m²; 2) randomly selected two points in 10m distance from a nest. On the analysis of variables in quadrat photo, we measured the 11 variables. First, we measured the cover of nest area (mm²) and the cover of five environmental factors (dry vegetation, vegetation, sand (grain size < 2 mm), shell and other object; mm²) on the quadrat photos of centered on the nest within a 1m². Second, we also measured the cover of five environmental factors in each photo and calculated the average of two photos on the each factor on the quadrat photos of randomly selected two points in 10m distance from a nest. For statistical analysis, we translated variables using “X = log10 (x + 1); X = translated value; x = origin value” before modelling and analyzed using Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The model criteria was Akaike Criteria Information (AIC). Then, we used Mann-Whitney U test to compared variables between successful and failed nests in the best model. All statistical analysis had a significant effect at p < 0.05. We analyzed 285 quadrat photos (95 photos within a 1m² quadrat centered on each nest; 190 photos on the randomly selected points within 10m area from each nest) from 95 nests: 60 nests in Mangyeong (35 successful nests and 25 failed nests); 35 nests in Dongjin (28 successful nests and 7 failed nests). As the results of GLM, the best model was composed not environmental factors, but three nest factors: nest area, nest diameter and nest slope. In this model, nest area and nest diameter were significant (p < 0.05). However, according to Mann-Whitney test, these factors did not differ between successful and failed nests (p > 0.05). Therefore, when researchers studied the effect of nest factors on the breeding success, nest area and nest diameter should be considered together. On the effect of environmental factors, all factors, which included vegetation and dry vegetation cover, did not affect breeding success. Thus, the other environmental factors should be studied to reveal which one affects the breeding success of Kentish plovers.

수용액중의 수은전극에서 바나듐-디에틸렌트리아민 펜타아세트산염의 환원 및 평형연구

정기석,손세철,하영경,엄태윤,윤석승,Ki-Suk Jung,Se Chul Sohn,Young Kyung Ha,Tae Yoon Eom,Sock Sung Yun 대한화학회 1989 대한화학회지 Vol.33 No.1

0.5M $NaClO_4$ 수용액중의 수은전극에서 바나듐-디에틸렌트리아민펜타아세트산(DTPA)염의 전기화학적 환원 및 평형을 온도 25$^{\circ}C$와 3.2 < pH < 10.5 에 걸쳐서 연구하였다. 바나듐(III)-DTPA착물은 모든 pH에 걸쳐서 V${\cdot}A^{3-}$-(A=DTPA)로서 존재하고 EDTA같은 다른 디아민카르복시산과의 착물들과 달리 수소첨가가 일어나지 않고 $OH^-$도 배위되지 않으며 가역적으로 바나듐(II)-DTPA착물로 환원된다. 3.2 < pH < 5.9에서는 전극반응이 $V{\cdot}A^{2-}+H^++e^-=V{\cdot}HA^{2-}$와 같이 진행하며 $V{\cdot}HA^{3-}$ 의 안정도상수는 $3.09{\times}10^{14}$과 같이 구하여졌다. $VO^{2+}$이온의 경우 pH적정결과 착화반응은 $VO^{2+}+H_2A^{3-}=VO{\cdot}HA^{2+}H^{+}$ 및 $VO{\cdot}HA^{2-}=VO{\cdot}A^{3+}+H$ 와 같이 2단계에 걸쳐서 진행되며, $VO{\cdot}HA{2-}$의 산해리상수는 pKa=7.15이다. $VO{\cdot}HA^{2-}$와 $VO{\cdot}A^{3-}$ 의 안정도상수는 각각 $1.41{\times}10^{14}$ 및 $3.80{\times}10^{17}$과 같이 구하여졌다. 바나듐(IV)-DTPA착물은 비가역적으로 바나듐(III)-DTPA착물로 환원되며 이때 전이상수 ${\alpha}$=0.43이다. 더 큰 음의 과전압에서는 2단계에 걸쳐서 환원된다. 이 때 첫째 단계의 환원은 3.2 < pH < 10.5에서 $VO{\cdot}A^{3-}+e{\to}VO{\cdot}A^4$인 것으로 판단되었다. 두번째 단계의 환원은 V(III)의 환원과 같다. $VO{\cdot}HA^{2-}$ 와 $VO{\cdot}A^{3-}$의 확산계수로서 각각 $(9.0{\pm}0.4){\times}10^{-6}cm^2/s$ 및 $(5.9{\pm}0.4){\times}10^{-6}cm^2/s$ 을 구하였다. Reduction and equilibrium of vanadium-DTPA (DTPA = diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, $H_5A$) complexes at mercury electrodes are studied in 0.5M $NaClO_4$ aqueous solution at 3.2 < pH < 10.5 and 25$^{\circ}$C. At 3.2 < pH < 5.9, the reduction reaction is $V{\cdot}A^{2-}+H^-+e^-=V{\cdot}HA^{2-}$, while at 5.9 < pH < 10.5 it is $V{\cdot}A^{2-}+H^-+e^-=V{\cdot}A^{3-}$. The stability constants of $V{\cdot}HA^{2-}$ and $V{\cdot}A^{3-}$ are found to be $6.46{\times}10^{9}$ and $3.09{\times}10^{14}$, respectively. V(IV)-DTPA undergoes stepwise complexation as $VO^{2+}+H_2A^{3-}=VO{\cdot}HA^{2+}H^{+}$ and $VO{\cdot}HA^{2-}=VO{\cdot}A^{3+}+H$, where acidity constant of $VO{\cdot}HA^{2-}$- is pKa = 7.15. Stability constants of $VO{\cdot}HA^{2-}$ and $VO{\cdot}A^{3-}$ are found to be $1.41{\times}10^{14}$ and $3.80{\times}10^{17}$, respectively. It is detected that $VO^{2+}-DATA$ is reduced irreversibly to $VO^{2-}$ with the transfer coefficient of $\alpha$ = 0.43. At more cathodic overpotential, the reduction is stepwise as V(IV)${\to}$V(III)${\to}$V(II). The first one corresponds to $VO{\cdot}HA^{2-}+e^{-}{\to}VO{\cdot}HA{3+}$ at 3.2 < pH < 7.2 and $VO{\cdot}A^{3-}+e^{-}{\to}VO{\cdot}A^{4-}$ at 7.2 < pH < 10.5. The second is identical to that of V(III). Diffusion coefficients of $VO{\cdot}HA^{2-}$ and $VO{\cdot}A^{3-}$ are found to be $(9.0{\pm}0.3){\times}10^{-6}cm^2/s$ and $(5.9{\pm}0.4){\times}10^{-6}cm^2/ses$, respectively.

First Example of Friedel-Craft Acylation of Cyclopenta[d][1,2]oxazines and Further Reaction to Their Oxime and Hydrazone Derivatives

Sung Yun Cho*,Seung Kyu Kang,Jae Du Ha,안진희,Gyu Hwan Yon,Joong-Kwon Choi 대한화학회 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.9

A Facile Synthesis of Cyclopenta[d][1,2]oxazines through [6+4] Cycloaddition Reaction

Sung Yun Cho*,Seung Kyu Kang,안진희,Jae Du Ha,Gyu Hwan Yon,Joong-Kwon Choi 대한화학회 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.9

Identification of CRISPR-Induced Mutations in Plants: with a Focus on the Next-Generation Sequencing Assay

Yun Jae-Young,Yu Si-in,Bang Seung-eun,Kim Jae-Yeon,Lee Sang Ho,Lee Byeong-ha 한국식물학회 2022 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.65 No.6

As the CRISPR/Cas system is becoming an indispensable and most effective gene editing tool in eukaryotic cells, the need for efficient analysis of the gene editing outcomes also grows. Notably, ‘in planta’ gene editing, carried out by the Cas/sgRNA transgene after Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation, demands several effective strategies to detect CRISPR gene-edited mutations. It is because it lacks “cell screening” steps which are commonly included in the CRISPR gene editing in most mammalian or plant protoplast systems. In this review, we summarized and compared several CRISPR-mutant screening assays to facilitate the identification of correctly edited alleles. We especially described the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based analysis in detail. We hope that many labs can employ this strategy as the NGS screening is precise and quantitative and can be applied to large-scale screening while still being quantitative and accurate.

<i>Nicotiana benthamiana Matrix Metalloprotease</i> 1 (<i>NMMP</i>1) gene confers disease resistance to <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> in tobacco and potato plants

Ha, Jang Ho,Jang, Hyun A.,Moon, Ki-Beom,Baek, Kwang Hyun,Choi, Gyung Ja,Choi, Doil,Cho, Hye Sun,Kwon, Suk Yun,Jeon, Jae-Heung,Oh, Sang-Keun,Kim, Hyun-Soon G. Fischer 2017 Journal of plant physiology Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We previously isolated <I>Nicotiana benthamiana</I> matrix metalloprotease 1 (<I>NMMP1</I>) from tobacco leaves. The <I>NMMP1</I> gene encodes a highly conserved, Zn-containing catalytic protease domain that functions as a factor in the plant’s defense against bacterial pathogens. Expression of <I>NMMP1</I> was strongly induced during interactions between tobacco and one of its pathogens, <I>Phytophthora infestans</I>. To elucidate the role of the <I>NMMP1</I> in defense of <I>N. benthamiana</I> against fungal pathogens, we performed gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies. <I>NMMP1</I>-overexpressing plants had stronger resistance responses against <I>P. infestans</I> infections than control plants, while silencing of <I>NMMP1</I> resulted in greater susceptibility of the plants to the pathogen. This greater susceptibility correlated with fewer <I>NMMP1</I> transcripts than the non-silenced control. We also examined cell death as a measure of disease. The amount of cell death induced by the necrosis-inducing <I>P. infestans</I> protein 1, PiNPP1, was dependent on <I>NMMP1</I> in <I>N. benthamiana</I>. Potato plants overexpressing <I>NMMP1</I> also had enhanced disease resistance against <I>P. infestans.</I> RT-PCR analysis of these transgenic potato plants revealed constitutive up-regulation of the potato defense gene <I>NbPR5. NMMP1</I>-overexpressing potato plants were taller and produced heavier tubers than control plants. We suggest a role for <I>NMMP1</I>in pathogen defense and development.</P>

<i>GSTM1</i> Tissue Genotype as a Recurrence Predictor in Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Ha, Yun-Sok,Yan, Chunri,Jeong, Pildu,Kim, Won Tae,Yun, Seok-Joong,Kim, Isaac Yi,Moon, Sung-Kwon,Kim, Wun-Jae The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2011 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.26 No.2

<P>Tissue genotyping is more useful approach than using blood genomic DNA, which can reflect the effects of the somatic mutations in cancer. Although polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (<I>GST</I>) have been associated with the risk of bladder cancer (BC) development, few reports provide information about the prognosis of BC. We investigated glutathione S-transferase mu (<I>GSTM1</I>) and glutathione S-transferase theta (<I>GSTT1</I>) genotypes using genomic DNA from primary 165 BC tissue samples to assess the association with disease prognosis. DNA samples from tumor were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results were compared with clinicopathological parameters. The prognostic significance of the <I>GST</I>s was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression model. Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed significant differences in time to tumor recurrence according to the <I>GSTM1</I> tissue genotype (<I>P</I> = 0.038) in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Multivariate Cox regression analysis also revealed that the tissue <I>GSTM1</I> genotype (hazards ratio [HR]: 0.377, <I>P</I> = 0.031) was an independent predictor of bladder tumor recurrence in NMIBC. This identification of <I>GSTM1</I> tissue genotype as a prognosticator for determining recurrence in NMIBC should prove highly useful in a clinical setting.</P>

Novel combination markers for predicting progression of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer

Ha, Yun‐,Sok,Kim, Ji Sang,Yoon, Hyung‐,Yoon,Jeong, Pildu,Kim, Tae‐,Hwan,Yun, Seok‐,Joong,Lee, Sang‐,Cheol,Kim, Gi‐,Young,Choi, Yung‐,Hyun,Moon, Sung‐,Kw Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 International journal of cancer: Journal internati Vol.131 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>To identify prognostic markers in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the combined effect of <I>RUNX3</I> and <I>MGC17624</I> for predicting NMIBC progression was assessed. <I>RUNX3</I> promoter methylation was examined using methylation specific‐polymerase chain reaction (MS‐PCR). <I>MGC17624</I> mRNA expression was evaluated by real‐time PCR. Patients were divided into three groups according to the status of the two genes and the prognostic effects of these markers were evaluated. The median follow‐up period was 57.8 months (range, 9.1–189.7). The mRNA expression level of <I>MGC17624</I> was significantly lower in patients with positive <I>RUNX3</I> methylation than in those with negative methylation (<I>p</I> = 0.047). Kaplan–Meier estimates showed significant differences in time‐to‐progression between the genetic combination predictors (log‐rank test; <I>p</I> < 0.001). Patients with a poor predictive combination were at a significantly higher risk for progression [Hazard ratio (HR), 22.579] than patients with a good predictive combination in multivariate Cox regression analysis. In the subgroup analysis, a poor predictive combination accurately estimated progression in patients with intravesical therapy (HR, 20.081) and in those who experienced recurrence (HR, 54.233). Assessment of the status of <I>RUNX3</I> and <I>MGC17624</I> in combination was identified as a reliable method for predicting NMIBC progression.</P>