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‘여성 주체’의 관점에서 살펴본 박서원의 시 세계 연구
박상수 ( Park Sang-su ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2018 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.57
박서원의 시가 90년대 당시, 주목을 받았던 데에는 가부장적 질서에 대항하는 여성적 언어와 문법을 적극 찾고자 노력했던 당대의 시대 분위기 속에서도 기존의 이분법적인 논리로는 쉽사리 해석할 수 없는 대응 양상을 선보였다는 점에 있다. 본고에서는 고통을 현시하는 박서원시의 공간 감각과 고통에 대응하는 양상을 규명해보려 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 필요한 것이 ‘여성적 정체성’과 ‘여성 주체’를 구분하는 일이다. 상징계에 진입하면서 발행하는 호명에 대한 잠정적인 응답으로 ‘젠더 정체성’을 규정한다면, 상징계가 부여하는 정체성 호명이 좌초하거나 상징적 차원을 초과하는 영역에 ‘주체’가 위치해 있다. 상징계의 작동이 실패하고 어긋나는 지점에 ‘주체’가 생겨난다는 말은 상징계에 의해 정체성을 획득하더라도 주체는 그것으로 완전히 포섭될 수 없으며 늘 그것 이상의 잉여를 발생시킨다는 것을 의미한다. 닫힌 공간에 갇혀 있는 박서원의 공간 감각은 시에서 갇혀 있는 여성 주체의 모티브로 지속적으로 반복된다. 현실에서 경험한 트라우마는 시적 상황 안에서도 고스란히 재현되어 박서원의 여성 주체는 길을 잃고 폐쇄된 공간으로 내몰린 자로서의 공간감각 속에 존재한다. 이렇듯 닫힌 공간의 폐쇄적 공간 감각을 확인하는 일은 중요하지만 이것을 박서원 시의 성취와 개성이라고 보기는 어렵다. 그런 의미에서 주목해 볼 것은 갇힌 공간의 감각을 박서원의 여성 주체가 ‘어떤 방식으로 극복’해나가는지의 여부이다. 박서원의 여성 주체는 망가진 삶 속에서 자신을 좁고, 폐쇄된 공간에 갇힌 존재로 인식하고 있지만 역설적으로 바로 그로 인해 자기 몸에 찾아오는 발작과 고통, 환각의 거대한 밀어닥침을 자기 존재의 힘으로 흡수하여 공간적 한계를 극복하려는 양상을 선보인다. 고통을 자부심으로 전환하는 이 과정은 고통스러운 희생자이자 억압적이고 가부장적 체제의 일방적인 여성 피해자로 자신의 정체성을 규정하려는 세계의 시선에 맞서 그것을 좌초시키려는 무의식적인 응전의 힘, 의식적인 저항의 노력과 함께 박서원 시의 가장 인상적인 대응 양상을 만들어낸다. 박서원의 개성적인 여성 주체가 탄생하는 대목이 바로 여기이다. 박서원의 여성 주체는 공간을 초월한 존재로 자신을 정립해나간다기 보다는 공간에 위치지어지는 존재로 자신을 인식하되, 바로 그 공간성을 부정하지 않고 오히려 공간 내부를 확대시켜 양가적이고 모순적이며 충돌하는 대상과 가치들을 담아내는 방식으로 새로운 정체성을 만들어나간다. 박서원의 여성 주체는 뒤섞임 상태가 오히려 재탄생을 위한 능동적 가능성의 공간임을 자기 몸에서 현시하며 “모순적 다양성으로 구조화된 다차원적 지리학”을 선보일 수 있었다. 이 ‘모순적 다차원의 지리학’이 가능했던 것은 박서원의 여성 주체가 부여된 여성적 정체성을 수동적으로 받아들이지 않고 좌초시키기 위해 노력했으며 끊임없이, 격렬하게, 또한 간절하게 ‘다른 어딘가’를 향해 능동적으로 움직였기 때문이다. 파토스를 더욱 극단으로 몰아붙여 고통의 끝에 닿으려는 박서원의 여성주체는 절제의 시학이 아니라 과잉의 시학을 보여주었다. 그 결과 90년대의 한국 시단에는 여성을 포기하지 않으면서도 극복하는 새로운 ‘비-배제적 여성 주체’가 탄생할 수 있었다. In the 1990s, the poetry of Park Seo-won was noticed because she showed a middle-class response that could not be interpreted by the dichotomous logic of the past in an age-old atmosphere in which he tried to find feminine language and grammar against patriarchal order. In this paper, we try to identify the aspects of Park Seo-won 's sense of space and its response to pain. The first thing to do is to distinguish between 'female identity' and 'female subject'. If we define 'gender identity' as a tentative answer to the call to be made when we enter the symbol system, the 'subject' is located in the place where the symbolic name is stranded or exceeds the symbolic dimension. The fact that the symbolic system fails to operate and the 'subject' is created at the point where it is defeated means that even if the symbolic system obtains its identity, the subject can not be completely subsumed by it and always generates surplus. Park's sense of space continues to be repeated with the motif of a female subject trapped in poetry. The trauma experienced in reality is reproduced even in the poetic situation, and the subject of woman in Park is in the sense of space as a person who is lost to the closed space and is put into the closed space. It is important to confirm the closed spatial sense of the closed space, but it is difficult to see it as the achievement and personality of Park. In this sense, it is whether or not the woman subject of Park Seo-won will "overcome" the sense of confined space. Park's female subject perceives herself as a trapped person in a narrow, closed space in a broken life, but paradoxically, she absorbs a massive push of seizures, pain, hallucinations, To overcome the spatial limitations. This process of turning pain into pride is against the eyes of the world to define her identity as a painful victim and a one-sided female victim of oppressive and patriarchal regimes. This effort creates the most impressive aspect of Park's poetry with the power of unconscious reaction and conscious resistance. This is the place where Park's unique female subject is born. The subject of Park Seo-won recognizes himself as being positioned in space rather than establishing himself as a transcendent being. She does not deny the very space, but rather enlarges the interior of the space to create a new identity in a way that embraces both quantitative, contradictory, and conflicting objects and values. Park's female subject was able to show the multidimensional geography that is structured with contradictory diversity, manifesting in his body that the state of coalescence is a space of active possibility for rebirth. This 'contradictory multidimensional geography' was possible because her female subjects did not passively accept female identities, but tried to overcome them, and actively moved toward 'somewhere else', constantly, violently, and earnestly. The subject of Park Seo-won who tried to reach the end of suffering by further excommunicating Patos showed an excess of poetry, not a poetry of temperance. As a result, a new 'non - exclusionary female subject' could be created in Korea in the 1990s.
Wireless pressure sensor integrated with a 3D printed polymer stent for smart health monitoring
Park, Jongsung,Kim, Ji-Kwan,Kim, Dong-Su,Shanmugasundaram, Arunkumar,Park, Su A,Kang, Sohi,Kim, Sung-Ho,Jeong, Myung Ho,Lee, Dong-Weon Elsevier 2019 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.280 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The primary objective of this study was to deploy a promising wireless pressure sensor system capable of monitoring real-time biological signals in an experimental object. MEMS-based micromachining technology was used to fabricate the proposed SU-8 wireless pressure sensor. The sensor utilizes a capacitor-inductor resonant circuit that can operate the sensor without any external power supply. The variable capacitor in the pressure sensor is designed to change the resonance frequency (130, 183 MHz) in response to applied pressure. The fabricated wireless pressure sensor was integrated into a polymer-based smart stent to minimize the discomfort of medication administration and hospital visits. A 3D bio-printing-based manufacturing technique was employed for the production of a smart polymer stent with complicated shapes. The proposed method is considerably more comfortable than the conventional metal stents fabrication process. The polymer smart stent made of the biocompatible polycaprolactone (PCL) material which can be fully absorbed by the body after a medication period. After integrating the fabricated wireless pressure sensor with the polymer smart stent, various basic experiments such as the working distance of the sensor were performed using a simple experimental setup. The biocompatibility of the proposed polymer stent and the wireless pressure sensor was also successfully confirmed using an experimental animal. The preliminary investigation results indicate that the proposed wireless sensor can be used to obtain necessary information in various parts of the human body as well as the stent.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fabrication of SU-8 based wireless pressure sensor for battery-less operation. </LI> <LI> Manufacturing of biodegradable polymer stent using 3D printing technique. </LI> <LI> Integration of wireless pressure sensor into polymer stent for real-time blood pressure monitoring. </LI> <LI> Verification of the biocompatibility of smart stent and its operation with experimental animals. </LI> <LI> Continuous measurement of blood pressure change in animals for more than 3 months. </LI> </UL> </P>
정성일의 <오아시스> 비판에 투영된 관점의 가능성과 한계 - 정성일 영화비평에 대한 일고찰 -
박우성 ( Park Woo-sung ),정수완 ( Jung Su-wan ) 국제어문학회 2015 국제어문 Vol.0 No.67
본 연구는 영화비평가 정성일이 <오아시스>(이창동, 2002)에 대해서 쓴 비평문「판타지, 기만적인 환영술」을 비판적으로 분석한다. 그간 한국영화계에서 영화비평은 독립적인 분과로 논의되지 못했다. 산적하는 영화들 안에서 영화적 가치를 발굴해 정리하고 새로운 영화 언어를 대중 언어로 번역하는 것이 영화비평의 역할이라 했을 때 이는 문제가 있다. 영화비평에 대한 그간의 접근은 한국영화사의 맥락에서 특정 영화비평집단을 세대론적으로 조망하거나 특정 개인의 비평 세계를 전기적 관점에서 서술한 것에 머문 한계가 있다. 정성일은 1990년대 한국영화비평의 전성기를 주도했던 한국의 대표적인 영화비평가이다. 호불호가 갈리지만 그의 글은 대중들 사이에서 영화비평이라는 개념이 성립되는 과정에 주요한 이미지를 제공했다. 특히 본 연구가 다루는 정성일의<오아시스> 비판은 논쟁 참여를 전제해 작성된 덕분에 비평담론 자체가 중심에 서있고 무엇보다 정성일의 영화에 대한 태도가 여타의 글에 비해 명확하게 드러나는 특징이 있다. 더구나 그 논쟁은 영화의 윤리, 완성도, 자의식 등을 두고 벌어진 영화비평계 내부의 마지막 논쟁이라는 영화비평사적 의의도 있다. 나아가 영화 한편에 대한 긴 글이기 때문에 한국의 대표적 비평가가 영화를 비평하는 구체적 실천 양상이 현장감 있게 녹아 있기도 하다. 영화를 종교처럼 대한다는 비판이 존재하지만 정성일 영화비평의 경쟁력은 숏의 배치, 장르 문법, 카메라 시선과 같은 영화의 자의식을 정밀하게 분석하는 것에서 나온다. 영화란 무엇인가와 같은 근본적인 질문에 기반을 둔 이런 태도는 영화를 여타의 학문에 종속시킨 종래의 비평 태도와 차별되며 영화를 진지하게 바라보는 태도를 대중화시킨 의의가 있다. 하지만 그것만큼의 오류도 발견된다. <오아시스>를 비판할 때 투영되는 정성일의 관점의 가능성과 한계를 구체적으로 밝힘으로써 한국영화비평의 전성기를 주도했던 한 영화비평가의 개성적 세계관을 비판적으로 조망하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 독립적인 분과로 인식되기는커녕 죽음까지 운운되는 영화비평의 위기 시대에 한국의 대표적 영화비평가의 세계관이 상징적으로 녹아 있는 글을 정밀하게 분석하는 것은 그것 자체로 의미 있다. This study analyzes the critique “Fantasy, deceptive hallucination” which sung-il jung wrote about < Oasis >(Changdong Lee 2002). Film critique has not been recognized and discussed as an independent field in the Korean film industry so far. It can be problematic if the role of film criticism is to get the cinematic values arranged among the pile of films and to translate new cinematographic language into the public language. The approach to the film critique to this point has limitation that in the context of Korean film industry, it viewed certain group of film critics in the perspective of theory of generation and it described certain person`s world of criticism in a biographical way. sung-il Jung is one of the representative film critics in Korea who lead the golden age of Korean film criticism in the 1990s. His writings provided important image in the process of establishing the concept of film critique among the public, even though they are controversial. The Jung`s criticisms this study exclusively deals with are based on the premise of argumentative participation, so the discourse is central and fundamental, and it brings out the cinematic view of Jung precisely compared to the other writings and articles, which is the advantages of this study. Moreover, the argument has significance in the field of film criticism for being the last dispute inside the field of film critique over the morals, degree of completion, and the consciousness of identity. Above and beyond, because this paper is a long writing about a movie, it contains detailed and vivid practical aspect which the representative critic of Korea criticizes the movie. Although there are criticisms of discussing movies like a form of religion, sung-il Jung`s film critique is competitive for detailed and precise analyze of films` sense of identity such as plot of shots, code of genre, and the eyes of cameras. This attitude based on the fundamental questions such as what is film is considered significant for popularizing and promoting earnest attitude toward movies, and is differentiated with the traditional attitudes of criticism which are to subordinate films in the other fields of study. However, due to being so, some errors are discovered. The purpose of this study is to critically outlook a distinctive world view of a film critic who enjoyed the film critique`s prime by concretely describing its possibilities and limitations through revealing Jung`s point of view which is his prerequisite for watching movies. The work of precise analyzing of one of the Korean representative film critics` writings which contains symbolic world view is significant and meaningful by itself in the time of the film criticisms` crisis when the idea of the demise of film criticism is being mentioned, let alone its separation as the independent field.
Elevational Distribution of Breeding Bird Communities in Seoraksan National Park, Korea
( Hyun-su Hwang ),( Jae-kang Lee ),( Tae-kyung Eom ),( Ho-kyoung Bae ),( Dong-ho Lee ),( Jong-hwan Lim ),( Sung-cheol Jung ),( Chan-ryul Park ),( Shin-jae Rhim ) 한국산림과학회(구 한국임학회) 2020 한국산림과학회지 Vol.109 No.1
In this study, the elevational distribution of breeding birds in Seoraksan National Park, Korea was investigated. Forty-six species of birds were documented from line transect surveys taken from Seorakdong at 230 m above sea level (a.s.l.) to the Daechungbong summit at 1708 m asl. Birdspecies richness and diversity were highest in Seorakdong and lowest at the Daechungbong summit. As elevation increased, bird species richness and diversity decreased, with a humped-shape trend being observed between 700 m and 1200 m a.s.l. Stepwise analyses revealed that breeding bird species diversity indices were significantly negatively correlated with elevation (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.327, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with vegetational coverage (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.324, P = 0.046). Higher elevations supported fewer birds than low and intermediate elevations. Projections at the local scale, including data on behavior and habitat use by birds, will be necessary for optimal conservation and management of the bird communities in Seoraksan National Park.
Elevational Distribution of Breeding Bird Communities in Seoraksan National Park, Korea
Hwang, Hyun-Su,Lee, Jae-Kang,Eom, Tae-Kyung,Bae, Ho-Kyoung,Lee, Dong-Ho,Lim, Jong-Hwan,Jung, Sung-Cheol,Park, Chan-Ryul,Rhim, Shin-Jae Korean Society of Forest Science 2020 한국산림과학회지 Vol.109 No.1
In this study, the elevational distribution of breeding birds in Seoraksan National Park, Korea was investigated. Forty-six species of birds were documented from line transect surveys taken from Seorakdong at 230 m above sea level (a.s.l.) to the Daechungbong summit at 1708 m asl. Birdspecies richness and diversity were highest in Seorakdong and lowest at the Daechungbong summit. As elevation increased, bird species richness and diversity decreased, with a humped-shape trend being observed between 700 m and 1200 m a.s.l. Stepwise analyses revealed that breeding bird species diversity indices were significantly negatively correlated with elevation (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.327, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with vegetational coverage (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.324, P = 0.046). Higher elevations supported fewer birds than low and intermediate elevations. Projections at the local scale, including data on behavior and habitat use by birds, will be necessary for optimal conservation and management of the bird communities in Seoraksan National Park.
신장이식 환자에서 HCMV 항원혈증 검사의 임상적 유용성
김탁,성흥섭,박관태,김송철,김성한,최상호,김양수,우준희,박수길,한덕종,이상오 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.2
Background : This study was performed to determine the cut-off value and the predictability of symptomatic human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection according to the peak value of HCMV antigenemia assay in kidney transplant recipients. Materials and Methods : We reviewed the results of HCMV antigenemia assay (Chemicon, CA, USA) in patients who received kidney transplantation at our institution from May 2003 through May 2008, and investigated the existence and the type of HCMV infection by the medical record review. Patients who underwent the test only once during the episode or those who received ganciclovir for more than 48hrs before the test were excluded. The receiver-operator characteristic curve was drawn and the point showing maximum likelihood ratio (LR) was chosen as the cut-off value of symptomatic HCMV infection. Results : A total of 689 episodes were screened and 134 episodes were enrolled. Thirty-three (24.6%) episodes were symptomatic HCMV infection, 23 (17.2%) episodes were associated with HCMV syndrome, and 10 (7.5%) episodes were tissue-invasive diseases. The maximum LR was 7.5 (95% confidence interval, 4.014.2) and the cut-off value was 29.5 cells/200,000 WBC. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 66.7%, 91.1%, 71.0%, and 89.3%, respectively. Conclusions : The cut-off value of symptomatic HCMV infection by the peak value of HCMV antigenemia assay in our study was similar with previous results, although the sensitivity was relatively low.
이성호,박영석,박병권,김상기,정지윤,박수진,박창식,김병수 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10
The aim of this article is to improve human health and that of companion animals by improving the diagnosis and control of parasitic diseases. This is achieved by research into parasites of veterinary significance including zoonoses and the use of comparative systems to increase our understanding of some human parasitic diseases. We should promotes learning and teaching through knowledge and operates a diagnostic unit that offers a service to pet owner for indigenous and exotic parasitic diseases of companion animals. We must diagnose and treat them early. Zoonotic parasites are very important because many of animal parasites are zoonoses and give pain and death to human. Parasites are divided Protozoa, Helminthes and Arthropods. There are many protozoa, about 65,000 species. Arthropods are the vector of another diseases, such as virus, bacteria, protozoa and nematodes. Helminthes are composed of Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala. The target of Veterinary Parasitology is to recognize the characteristics of these parasites and subsequently diagnose, treat and control them. This article is intended to familiarize you with the essential facts and concepts of companion animal parasitology. Emphasis is placed on fecal sample techniques (comparison of fecal examination techniques; frequently found artifacts in fecal smears; direct Smear; zinc sulfate flotation; etc.) We recommend that the study be done to more references on animal parasites.
Chung, Ji-Yun,Park, Hee Ra,Lee, Su-Jin,Lee, Sun-Hye,Kim, Jin Sik,Jung, Youn-Sang,Hwang, Sang Hyun,Ha, Nam-Chul,Seol, Won-Gi,Lee, Jaewon,Park, Bum-Joon United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology [e 2013 Laboratory investigation Vol.93 No.6
<P>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second leading neurodegenerative disease, and is known to be induced by environmental factors or genetic mutations. Among the verified genetic mutations of PD, Parkin, isolated from the PARK2 locus, shows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and is known to be an E3 ligase. However, the physiological target of Parkin and the molecular mechanism of Parkin-deficiency-induced PD have not been clearly demonstrated until now. It has recently been proposed that inflammation, suggesting as a causal factor for PD, is enhanced by Parkin deficiency. Thus, we examined the relationship between inflammation-related factors and Parkin. Here, we provide the evidence that Parkin suppresses inflammation and cytokine-induced cell death by promoting the proteasomal degradation of TRAF2/6 (TNF-α receptor-associated factor 2/6). Overexpression of Parkin can reduce the half-lives of TRAF2 and TRAF6, whereas si-Parkin can extend them. However, mutant Parkins did not alter the expression of TRAF2/6. Thus, loss of Parkin enhances sensitivity to TNF-α- or IL-1β-induced JNK activation and NF-κB activation. Indeed, si-Parkin-induced apoptosis is suppressed by the knockdown of TRAF6 or TRAF2. We also observed elevated expression levels of TRAF6 and a reduction of IκB in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced PD mouse model. Moreover, elevated expression levels or aggregation of TRAF6 were detected in approximately half of the human PD tissues (7/15 cases) and 2 cases, respectively. In addition, TRAF6 and Parkin expression levels show a reverse relationship in human PD tissues. Our results strongly suggest that the reduction of Parkin or overexpression of TRAF2/6 by chronic inflammation would be the reason for occurrence of PD.</P>
전원선,이상철,김현정,배상병,김찬규,이남수,박노진,이규택,박성규,홍대식,박희숙,원종호 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.2
Thymoma is associated with myasthenia gravis, Pure red cell aplasia, and autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. It's association with aplastic anemia is rare and aplastic anemia appearing after surgical removal of thymoma is especially rare. The authors hereby report a case of aplastic anemia occuring in a patient who was diagnosed with thymoma and myasthenia gravis and had the tumor surgically removed. The patient was treated with anti-thymocyte globulin, cyclosporin, and prednisolone, and showed partial remission with hematologic improvements after 12 months.
장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.