Factored MLLR Adaptation

Nam Soo Kim,June Sig Sung,Doo Hwa Hong IEEE 2011 IEEE signal processing letters Vol.18 No.2

<P>One of the most popular approaches to parameter adaptation in hidden Markov model (HMM) based systems is the maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) technique. In this letter, we extend MLLR to factored MLLR (FMLLR) in which the MLLR parameters depend on a continuous-valued control vector. Since it is practically impossible to estimate the MLLR parameters for each control vector separately, we propose a compact parametric form of the MLLR parameters. In the proposed approach, each MLLR parameter is represented as an inner product between a regression vector and transformed control vector. We present an algorithm to train the FMLLR parameters based on a general framework of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The proposed approach is applied to adapt the HMM parameters obtained from a database of reading-style speech to singing-style voices while treating the pitches and durations extracted from the musical notes as the control vectors. This enables to efficiently construct a singing voice synthesizer with only a small amount of singing data.</P>

골다공증의 위험인자 : 아산시 지역 주민을 대상으로

김용배,장원기,황보영,김화성,안규동,이병국,이용진,이남수,이상건,이상범,이상우,이선정,이성수 순천향대학교 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

Objective : As the average lifespan of human increases, osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures have become major health care problems. Despite recent advances in medical treatment, few studies have assessed the recognition of osteoporosis in general adults. This study examined the recognition of osteoporosis and analyzed the relating factors. Method : A population-based sample of 1086 adults in Asan-city, Korea was investigated with questionnaires and height, weight, Information regarding the general characteristics(gender, age, economic state), lifestylef exercise, smoking, alcohol),medical history(progestin, GH, steroid, calcitonin, PTH), demographic parameter, obesity, stress, and family history was collected through an interview using a structural questionnaire. The level of obesity was measured by the body mass index(BMI). BMD(Bone mineral density) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was considered to be T-score below -2.5. Results : The prevalence of osteoporosis increased progressively with age, decreased with BMI and predominant in women by the result of x^(2) -test, T-test. Age, weight, BMI were significantly correlated with osteoporosis by the result of Pearson correlation ana1ysis(P<0.05). And age, gender, BMI, family history of osteoporosis were proved to be significant risk factors of osteoporosis by the result of multiple logistic regression(P<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that age, gender, BMI might be the most important risk factors of osteoporosis. And the history taking about family history of osteoporosis is helpful for diagnosing osteoporosis.

A1-Cu 合金粉末의 燒結品에 關한 時效硬化

南勝義,尹太鴻,趙誠秀 弘益大學校 1985 弘大論叢 Vol.17 No.2

During compaction and sintering premixed Al-Cu powders, the effects of green density, sintering temperature and sintering time on dimensional change and hardness in sintered specimens were discussed and the phenomena of all conditions during age hardening were examined. The specimens were sintered in nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 560℃ to 620℃ for 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes. The dimensional changes of specimens during sintering are occurred in no time as the sintering temperature increased, and the expansion is occurred largely as the green density increased. The magnitude of peak hardness to age hardening is similar to wrought parts.

중년여성의 자발적 운동참여가 신체구성, 피부두겹, 혈중지질 및 골밀도에 미치는 영향

남상남,김수경 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

This study is to offer the basic for developing desirable exercise habit, actual healthy manegement and the effect of the participation to exercise programs by examining of the practice this research measured the status of the present health, the body composition after exercise, blood lipid and the density of the bone targeting to middle-aged woman. The result was following below. First of all, there were significant differences among BMR. the fat proportion of the abdomen, the amount of muscle and the weight with the change of the body composition and the body structure after participating to exercising programs. Second, the changed of skin fold had the significant difference among the side of abdomen, the hip, the scapula and upper-arm after exercise. Third, there were no significant differences although the amount of hemoglobin was decreased, high density of lipoprotein and albumin were increased little bit and neutral fat was decreased in the change of blood after exercise. Fourth, the density of the bone had the significant difference(P<.05) after exercise.

여성 생식계조직의 각종 임신연관 혈장단백의 분포에 관한 면역효소조직화학적 연구

남웅수,이규완,홍성봉 고려대학교 의과대학 1986 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.23 No.3

Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A(PAPP-A), pregnancy-specific β-1 glycoprotein (SP1) and human placental lactogen(HPL), which are specific protein, have been known to be detectable in the plasma of pregnant women, especially in mid and last trimester by radioimniunoassay. Various researches have been reported on these and the increments of them could be of value as the tumor markers and as the pregnancy related abnormalities. Surgical specimens of normal and pathologic female genital tissues were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin in order to detect the exact distribution of PAPP-A, SP1 and HPL in various tissue component of them. The result obtained are as follows: 1. Normal superficial and intermediate squamous epithelial cells, moderate and severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix revealed positive reaction to anti PAPP-A, SP1, and HPL antibodies. 2. Endometrium in both proliferative and secretory phase, endometrial hyperplasia, trophoblastic tumors revealed positive reaction to anti PAPP-A, SP1, and HPL antibody, hut endometrial adenocarcinoma revealed negative reaction to each of them. 3. All of the normal ovarian tissues and various epithelial ovarian tumors revealed negative reaction to PAPP-A, SP1 and HPL antibody, but stromal and germ cell ovarian tumors revealed positive reaction to each of them. 4. Reactions to each PAPP's were in uniformity among the same tissues, that is, once the reaction was positive, the reactions to the other remaining two PAPP's were positive. Similarly negative reactions appeared in the same fashion.

超傳導 交流 發電機의 電磁 遮蔽 效果에 관한 有限 要素 解釋

南基讚,韓聲鎭,周秀元 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1992 硏究報告 Vol.16 No.1

This paper deals with the magnetic shielding effects in the superconductiong a. c. generator using finite element method. Models of three different shields are studied to compare the magnetic shielding effects. Applying 3 phase ac source to the armature, the magnetic flux densities are calculated for directions and frequencies. Because the stability of the superconducting field winding depends on the screening of the magnetic fields, computed results should be used to design the electromagnetic shield of the superconduction generator.

골반통증을 동반한 폐쇄신경 기원의 퇴행성 신경초종

이상욱,김두상,조현득,이창호,전윤수,이남규 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.1

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알레르기 환자에서 MAST-CLA 검사의 의의

남해선,황규윤,,백병준,정윤영,오천환,조성란,박준수 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

To evaluate usefulness of application of MAST-CLA to indetify allergens, authors conducted MAST-CLA allergen-specific IgE assay and collected allergy related symptoms in 118 allergic patients diagnosed at Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital during October 1998 through January 2000. The results were as followings; 1. The mean (SD) age was 23.1 (±12.17) years old and teenagers accounted for 33.1% of patients. 2. The frequent allergic symptoms were sneezing (59.3%), rhinorrhea (53.4%), nasal stiffness (44.1%), itching sensation (24.6%), cough or sputum (16.1%), and eye symptom (8.5%) in order. 3. Among these subjects, 62.7% of patients revealed at least more than one specific allergen and 70.3% showed elevated total IgE levels by MAST-CLA. The three most frequent specific allergens were Dermatophagoides farinae (47.5%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (45.8%), and house dust (30.5%). 4. While age was not significantly related to positive of both specific allergens and total IgE (P>0.05), sneezing and nasal stiffness were significantly associated with positive of specific allergen and total IgE, respectively (both P<0.05). 5. Total IgE increased with the number of specific allergens, but both specific allergen and total IgE were not significantly related to increases of allergic symptoms (P>0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest that MAST-CLA allergen-specific IgE assay is useful measure for identification of causative allergens in allergic patients, however, it is recommended that more specific allergic antigens should be determined and replaced or added to Korean inhalent panel of MAST-CLA.

LED 전광판 제어 ASIC의 설계

남상길,조경연,이수범,김종진 釜慶大學校 1997 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.2 No.2

The wide spread of multimedia system demands a wide viewing angle display device which can imform a message to many peoples in open area. This paper is about the design and simulating of a large viewing LED pannel control ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit). This LED pannel control ASIC runs on 16bit micropricessor MC68EC000 and has following functions : 16 line interlaced LED pannel contriller, memory controller, 16 channel priority interrupt cotroller, 2 channel direct memory access controller, 2 channel 12 bit clcok and timer, 2channel infrared remocon receiver, 2 channel RS-23C with 16 byte FIFO, IBMPC/AT compatible keyboard interface, battery battery backuped real time clock and timer,2controller, battery backuped 256 byte SRAM and watch dog timer. The 0.6 micronCMOS Sea of Gate is used to desing the ASIC in amiunt of about 39,000 gates,and it is simulated at 48MHz

시간-주파수 해석법에 의한 CFRP의 파괴 거동

남기우,안석환,이상기,김현수,문창권 한국비파괴검사학회 2001 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.21 No.1

신호처리법으로 현재 많이 사용되고 있는 푸리에 변환은 신호의 주파수 성분이 사간에 따라 어떻게 변화하는지를 표현하지 못한다. 따라서 최근 이와 같은 푸리에 변환의 단점을 보완하여, 신호의 시간과 주파수에 대한 정보를 동시에 표현할 수 있는 시간-주파수 해석법들이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 음향방출을 이용하여 복합재료의 주요 발생원으로 알려져 있는 기지균열, 섬유분리, 섬유파괴 및 층간분리 등과 같은 파괴기구를 해석하였다. 각각의 파괴특성이 나타나도록 시험편을 제작하여 인장시험 시 검출된 음향방출신호의 시간-주파수 해석을 통해 전체 파괴기구의 특징을 분석하였다. Fourier transform has been one of the most common tools to study the frequency characteristics of signals. With the Fourier transform alone, however, it is difficult to tell whether signal's frequency contents evolve in time or not. Except for a few special cases, the frequency contents of most signals encountered in the real world change with time. Time-frequency analysis methods are developed recently to overcome the drawbacks of Fourier transform, which can represent the information of signals in time and frequency at the same time. In this study, damage process of cross-ply carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) under monotonic tensile loading was characterized by acoustic emission. Different kinds of CFRP specimens were used to determine the characteristics of AE signals. Time-frequency analysis methods were employed for the analysis of fracture mechanisms in CFRP such as matrix cracking, debonding, fiber fracture and delamination.