The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

조선시대 유산기에 나타난 한라산 등람배경과 관행

고윤정(Ko, Yoon-Jeong),오상학(Oh, Sang-Hak) 제주학회 2021 濟州島硏究 Vol.56 No.-

본고는 조선시대 한라산을 올랐던 제주목사와 관리 및 유생들의 유산기록 총 13편을 토대로 한라산 등람여정과 등람관행, 그리고 한라산 정상부에 존재하는 자연경관과 역사문화경관에 대해 분석했다. 분석 대상으로 삼은 유산관련 사료들은 제주도민이 아닌 제주에 부임해 온 관료들이나 제주도에 유배해왔던 문사들의 기록이 대부분이며, 제주 도민이 직접 저술한 사료는 1편에 불과했다. 16세기 유산기 문헌으로는 임제의 기록이 있으며, 17세기 문헌으로는 김상헌과 김치, 이증, 김성구, 이익태의 유산기 등 5편이다. 18세기 문헌으로는 이형상과 이해조, 조관빈의 기록 등 3편이며, 19세기에는 윤제홍의 그림과 이원조, 최익현, 김희정의 유산기록 4편이다. 한라산 등람여정과 등람관행을 살펴보면, 등람동기로 가장 많은 부분을 차지했던 것이 산수유람이었으며, 그 다음으로 한라산신제 제관으로서의 산행, 자연풍물에 대한 체험과 기록을 위한 산행으로 나눌 수 있다. This paper has attempted to analyze the historical and cultural scenic landscapes as wel l as the natural heritage that exists at the summit along with the records of climbing jour neys based on a total of 13 heritage records written during the sojourn of the Jeju Gover nor, administrators and scholars on their hike up to Halla Mountain. The related historical records that have come under scrutiny are mostly records written by literary scholars wh o had been exiled to Jeju or government appointed officials and not the Jeju people. Only one record exists that was written directly by a Jeju resident. A literary record about cli mbing in the 16th Century written by Yim Jae exists to this day, while 5 records written about the pleasures of hiking by Kim Sang-heon, Kim Chi, Yi Jeung, Kim Sung-gu and Y i Yick-tae in the 17th Century has been passed down. As for the 18th Century, 3 such r ecords exist by Yi Hyeong-sang, Yi Hae-jo, and Jo Kwan-bin while in the 19th Century, a total of 4 records exist which includes a painting by Yoon Jae-hong, and 3 other recor ds written by Yi Won-jo, Choi Yick-hyeon and Kim Hee-jung can be seen.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

점토광물을 이용한 산소환원의 전기화학적 촉매성에 관한 연구

오성훈,황진연,심윤보,이효민,윤지해 한국광물학회 2005 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.18 No.1

몇 가지 점토광물과 메틸바이올로젠 또는 메틸렌블루를 함유시킨 점토수식전극을 이용하여 산소환원에 대한 전기화학적 촉매성을 검토하였다. 점토광물로는 Na-몬모릴로나이트, Ca-몬모릴로나이트, 카오리나이트를 사용하였다. 점토수식전극은 유리탄소전극 표면에 점토 현탁액을 입히고 메틸바이올로젠을 흡착시킨 것을 사용하였으며, 전기화학적 산소환원의 정도는 순환 전압전류(cyclic voltammetry)으로 측정하였다. 실험결과, 다른 점토시료에 비하여 Na-몬모릴로나이트가 메틸바이올로젠의 흡착효과가 가장 크게 나타났고, 메틸바이올로젠을 흡착시킨 점토수식전극이 산소환원에 대한 촉매성이 월등히 우수하였다. 즉 촉매산소환원 피크가 242.6 ㎷ 만큼 +방향으로 이동하였다. 메틸바이올로젠을 흡착시킨 점토수식전극이 메틸렌블루를 흡착시킨 점토수식전극보다 산소환원에 대한 촉매성이 더 높게 나타났다. Ca-몬모릴로나이트의 경우는 변화가 없었으나 Na-몬모릴로나이트의 구조는 메틸바이올로젠의 흡착으로 변화되었다. 메틸바이올로젠- Na-몬모릴로나이트 점토수식전극을 현탁액의 점토 농도가 약 0.87 g/10 mL이고, 메틸바이올로젠의 수용액의 농도가 대략 2.5 mM일 때 산소환원 촉매 효과가 가장 탁월하였다. 지지전해질의 pH에 따른 점토수식 전극의 산소 환원 촉매성은 중성의 pH 범위(6.3과 8.3)에서보다 산성인 pH 3.7과 알칼리성인 pH12.7에서 월등히 크게 나타났다. The electrocatalytic reduction of O₂ was investigated with methyl viologen and methylene blue incorporated clay-modified electrodes. Clay suspensions were prepared with Namontmorillonite, Ca-montmorillonite, and kaolinite. The methyl viologen-clay modified electrodes were made by coating clay suspensions adsorbing methyl viologen on a glassy carbon electrode. Cyclic voltammetry were performed in aqueous media to investigate the electrocatalytic property of the modified electrode in reducing O₂. A Na-montmorillonite modified electrode showed the greatest adsorption capacity for methyl viologen. The modified electrode made of Na-montmorillonite suspension of 0.87 g/l0 mL and a 2.5 mM of methyl viologen solution showed the most effective electrocatalytic property, where the catalytic reduction potential was shifted by 242.6 ㎷ toward the positive potential. The electrocatalytic ability was more significant in acidic (pH=3.7) and alkaline (pH=12.7) media than the neutral pH range (6.3~8.3). The methyl viologen-Na-montmorillonite modified electrode had the good reproducibility and maintain the electrocatalytic property over 20 times reuse.

민간경비 참여 기업의 영역별 활동에 관한 고찰

오윤성,장석헌 순천향대학교 사회과학연구소 2002 순천향 사회과학연구 Vol.8 No.2

Crime is one of the eternal factors that is difficult to cure in a human society. Conceptually the fear of crime is an interesting point to sociologists and crinminologists. Most people are concerned about the quality of public security crime prevention. They are skeptical wonder if the police, who is typically ensure the public security, can support basic functions and roles of crime prevention to ensure the safety of citizens. The 9.11 terrorist attack on New York illustrated the vulnerability of traditional systems and recognizes that there are "no safe zone" in the world. The history of private security in Korea is shorter than other countries, U.S and Japan, etc. The development of private security in Korea began 1960s, and has show hasty development in the early 1980s. At that moment, national events and festivals such as the Asian Games and Olympic Games stimulated the development of Korean private security industry, Relatively the Korean private security market is in the beginning phase. Most private security companies in Korea cooperate with foreign security companies. As matter of fact, the policy of private security in Korea has been affected by the adaption of foreign policy. This study is limited to small private security companies. We will try to compare private security activities, mainly to larger companies and arrange and suggest related the goals of private security regulations and implementation of private security operations.

대기압 플라즈마에 의한 냉간압연 스테인리스 Micro-Cleaning판재의 에 관한 연구

오상훈,이성기,윤재홍,조동율,박봉규,이성규 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-

Atmospheric Plasma Cleaning (APC) was studied for the residual rolling oil contaminants on the surface of cold rolled Stainless Steel after optimizing APC conditions. Electrodes were placed at a distance of 10mm, with an RF power of 220W, and line velocity of 0.5m/min. The residue left by APC was 0.78mg/m², which was less than that of the approximate 1mg/m² by other classical cleaning methods. Especially, APC combined with pre-cleaning by 550℃Nitrogen gas gave a residue of only 0.01mg/m². Cleaning effect are also improved when oxygen gas is added to the atmospheric plasma. It was confirmed by the investigation of the official Korea Chemical Analysis Center that the APC-hot nitrogen method is superior to other methods. The residual contaminants for different methods were as follow : the classical method : about 1mg/m², APC : 0.78mg/m², and APC-hot nitrogen : 0.10mg/m².

경동맥 죽종의 색혈류 도플러 초음파 소견

오연희,김승현,이성우,어경윤 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

한국인의 뇌경색의 가장 중요한 원인은 경동맥 죽종으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 경동맥 죽종의 복식 초음파 및 색혈류 도플러 초음파영상을 비교·분석 하였다. 죽종 침범의 범위는 총경동맥+내경동맥+외경동맥 혹은 분지부 47.9%, 총경동맥 24.4%, 총경동맥+분지부+내경동맥 11.1%등이었다. 경동맥 협착은 중등도 53.6%, 경도 26.1%, 중도 16.3%, 위험도 3.1%, 완전폐쇠 0.9%. 표면의 형태는 매끄러운 경우 53.1%, 경도 불규칙 41.3%, 심한 불규칙 3.9% 그리고 표면 궤양이 동반된 경우 1.7%였다. 또한 죽종 내부구조의 음영도상 균일한 경우 90.5% 였고 죽종의 음영은 등에코성 40.2% 석회화 25.1%, 저에코서 22.3%등이었다. 결론적으로 복식 초음파와 색혈류 도플러 영상은 경동맥 죽종 진단에 있어서 정확하고 안전한 비침습적인 진단방법이다. Several reports have been documented that carotid atheroma presented as the mostimportant cause of cerebral infarction in Korea. Authors analysed the atheroma imaging of the carotid artery in the patients with cerebral infarction patients using duplex sonography and color flow imaging. The atheroma extents were CCA(common carotid artery)+ICA(intemal carotid artery)+ECA(external carotid artery) or BIF(bifurcation) 47.9%. CCA(common carotid artery) 24.4%, CCA(common carotid artery)+BIF(bifurcation)+ICA(lntemal carotid artery) 11.1 %. The percents of stenosis of carotid arteries were moderate 53.6%, mild 26.1 %. severe 16.3%, critical 3.1 % and occlusive 0.9%. The surface characters were smooth 53.1 %, mild irregular 41.3%, severe irregular 3.9% and ulcerated 1.7%. The atheroma texture was homogenous 90.5%, and the echogenicities of atheroma were isoecboic 40.2%, calcification 25.1 %, hypoechoic 22.3%. We concluded that duplex sonography and color flow imaging were accurate and safe non-invasive method detecting of carotid atheroma.

암환자에 대한 임상실습전 학생들의 견해에 관한 연구

오윤경,기정숙,박상학 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.1

We evaluated the attitudes towards cancer patients in third year medical students who did not receive a lecture before starting the poly-clinic education about radiation oncology in our medical school. We obtained a total of 142 answers from the students that completed the questionnaire of the following. 1) Should the patient be notified of the terminal cancer? The patient should be notified of terminal cancer in 95.1%, 91.6%, and 85.9% from the point of view of a patient, a doctor, and patients' families, respectively. 2) Who should notify the patient that the disease is terminal cancer? Doctor(53.3%), professor(22.2%). fami1y(17.1%). fnend(2.2%), and others(2.2%), respectively. 3) Do you have any experience of anticancer treatment with an intimate person? Yes(42.3%), No(56.3%). 4) Did the patient know about the cancer? Yes(81.6%), guess (15.0%). no(1.7%). 5) Do you wish to prolong the survival time from 1 year to 3 years with long courses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy? No(56.3%), yes(40.2%). 6) The attitude about marriage in the situation of engaged status and recently diagnosed cancer. As an engaged person: marry(30.3%), delay(43%). don't marry(23.9%). As family of a cancer patient who is engaged: marry(9.1%), delay(43.7%), don't marry(38,7%). As a cancer patient: marry(2.8%). delay (27.5%), don't marry(67.6%). The results of this study necessitate the education about the following: emotional state of cancer patients, decision about informing the patient of the true diagnosis, the method and timing of informing, sharing bad news with patients, and control of anxiety as a doctor. The students expressed pessimism about anticancer treatment. Therefore, the exact results and positive aspects of anti-cancer treatment should be emphasized more during the lecture and poly-clinic education about radiation oncology in our medical school.

Candida parapsilosis 돌연변이주에 의한 Xylitol 생산의 배지조건 최적화

오덕근,윤상현,김정민,김상용,김정회 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 돌연변이주를 사용하여 xylitol 생산에 영향을 주는 배지성분의 최적화를 수행하였다. Xylose 50 g/l 배지에서 여러 가지 질소원이 xylitol 생산에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 xylitol 생산에는 무기질소원으로는 (NH_4)_2SO_4가 좋았으며 유기질소원으로는 yeast extract가 가장 좋았다. 무기염으로 KH_2PO_4 ad MgSO_4·7H_2O를 선정하여 최적화를 수행하였고 그 결과 최적배지로 xylose of 50 g/l, yeast extract of 5 g/l, (NH_4)_2SO_4 of 5 g/l, KH_2PO_4 of 5 g/l, MgSO_4·7H_2O of 0.2 g/l로 결정하였다. 최적배지를 사용하여 발효조에서 64시간 배양하였을 때 xylose는 모두 소모되었으며 최종 균체농도와 xylitol 생산량은 각각 7.6 g/l와 37 g/l을 얻었다. 이때, xylose로 부터 xylitol의 전환수율 74%이었고, xylitol의 생산성은 0.58 g/l-hr이었다. 최적배지에서 총 첨가된 xylose에 대한 xylitol의 생산수율 80.7%에 해당되었고 xylitol의 생산성은 0.94g/l-hr에 해당되었다. Medium optimization for xylitol production from xylose by Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 mutant was performed. Effect of various nitrogen sources on xylitol production was investigatied. Of inorganic nitrogenous compounds, ammonium sulfate was effective for xylitol production and yeast extract was the most suitable orangic nitrogen nutrient for enhancement of xylitol production. Effect of inorganic salts such as KH_2PO_4 ad MgSO_4·7H_2O on xylitol production was also studied. Optimal medium was selected as xylose of 50 g/l, yeast extract of 5 g/l, (NH_4)_2SO_4 of 5 g/l, KH_2PO_4 of 5 g/l, MgSO_4·7H_2O of 0.2 g/l. In a fermentor by using the optimal medium, a final xylitol concentration of 37 g/l could be obtained from 50 g/l of xylose with a xylitol yield of 74% and a xylitol productivity of 0.58 g/l-hr. At 300 g/l xylose, fermentation was also carried out and then a final xylitol concentration of 242 g/l was obtained at 272 hours. It was corresponding to xylitol yield of 80.7% and xylitol productivity of 0.58 g/l-hr.

Paraquat 중독환자의 초기검사로서 sodium dithionite를 이용한 소변내 paraquat검출의 임상적 의의

윤갑준,임경수,이진웅,김영식,이부수,박덕우,김선만,이강현,황성오,안무업 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Background : Mortality from paraquat intoxication depends upon plasma paraquat concentration. To know the severity of paraquat intoxication is important for directing therapeutic modality and predicting prognosis. Sodium dithionite test for urinary paraquat provides an easy and simple method to determine the severity of paraquat intoxication in emergency department. purpose : To determine whether the result urinary paraquat test by sodium dithionite can predict outcome in patients with paraquat intoxication in emergency department. Subjects : 48 patients(male 31, female 17, mean age 37 years) who had exposure to paraquat and presented within 24 hours after exposure. Result : Thirty five patients were positive in paraquat urine test and thirteen patients were negative. Clinical manifestations were more severe in positive patients than in negatives. Complication was much more in positives than in negatives. 28 of 35 patients(80%) in positives and 2 of 13 patients(15%) in negatives died. Conclusion : Positive test for urinary paraquat is associated with high mortality and morbidity from paraquat intoxication, and qualitative test for urinary paraquat by sodium dithionite is an useful method to determine the severity of paraquat intoxication in emergency department.