결핵치료제인 시판 리팜피신제제의 생체내 이용율

김종두,안기완,서영환,조경상,김철,김상도,홍순표 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.1

This study was attempted to investigate the dissolution rate and the bioavailability of commercially available rifampicin preparations after oral administration in nine normal volunteers. Cross-over design was used for the analysis. The dissolution test was conducted in artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice using basket method with four rifampicin preparations (A, B, C, and D) which were pharmaceutically equivalent. The results were as follows; The dissolution rate was higher in the order of A>C>B>D in artificial gastric juice, and A>B>C>D in artificial intestinal juice. Area under the blood concentration time curve (AUC) was larger in order of A>C>B>D. Relative bioavailability(%) of rifampicin preparations were 93.6% for B, 97% for C, 84.4% for D preparation compared with standard A preparation. Peak blood concentration (Cmax) was higer in order of A>B>C>D. Peak time (Tmax) was larger in order of D>C>A>B. Absorption rate constant (Ka) was larger in order of B>A>D>C. there was little difference in elimination rate constant and biological half-life. The correlation of the dissolution rate in artificial gastric juice and area under the blood concentration time curve as well as correlation of the dissolution rate in artifical intestinal juice and peak time showed significant linear relationship. From the result of the this experiments, it can be concluded that for the choice of preparations, bioavailability must be performed in man because the bioavailability of rifampicin preparations showed big differences among commercial preparations which were abvertised as pharmaceutically equivalent, and that the bioavailability of rifampicin preparations in man partially could be predicted from the results of dissolution rate.

發聲法의 理論과 實際

金相斗 建國大學校 敎育硏究所 1980 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Voice production should be based on scientific principle. The science of voice production is a knowledge of certain phenomena of physical movements which are found under certain conditions to occur regularly and which produce certain definite effects. There is only one way to sing perfectly and that is the correct scientific way. All singing must of necessity be beautiful, first, last and always. Rather have it said that the voice is small and beautiful than loud and otherwise. The small beautifully placed voice is capable of portraying the full gamut of human emotions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop our own instrument, which is the vocal apparatus we rely upon to produce our own beautiful singing. When singing is most scientifically produced, and the voice soars out smothly, evenly and vibrantly with its resultant seeming effortless singing. The great fundamental objectives or principles in voice production are, proper posture, breath control, free tone, balanced, efficient ringing sonorous tone, and expressive and varied tone color. Proper posture is a fundamental for control and maximum, success in any type of skill activity whether it be athletics or musical perfomance. Necessary physical development for singing begin with habituation of proper posture and continuss through breath development and strengthening of the vocal organs through singing and tonal exercises. Efficient daphragmatic-costal breath control is the great fundamental in singing. Breath control, or breath support, means to keep tone flowing evenly, freely and firmly. Freedom vitality, expressive tone color, variety, effciency, sonority, and evenness in tonal production is also fundamental principle in singing. The first reguisite in tonal technic is freedom of production. It is vital that we learn to both hear and feel the difference between good and bad tone and, eventually the finest shades of discrimination.

생체 인식 정보 검출을 위한 Watershed 기반 Texture 병합에 관한 연구

김진만,김성현,조상현,김태형,김두영 東亞大學校附設情報技術硏究所 2005 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.12 No.2

this paper presents the method that extracts by using watershed algorithm the area which is available for the feature factor in the iris. The inputted image is preprocessed and transferred to the texture block pattern by Polar Coordinate System Transformation. In this paper, the iris feature area is extracted from the image of Texture Block Pattern using Watershed Algorithm. The extracted area is indexed by average value and size of the feature area. After the position information of the feature area is rearranged by Polar Coordinate System Inverse-Transformation. In result, the proposed method showed that is possible to extract the definite iris feature.

日本의 社會科學 및 體育分野 學問硏究動向에 對한 調査 硏究

金榮秀,崔晄烈,金相漢,金麟坤,金炳斗,金永煥 慶北大學校 經商大學 經濟學科 1981 慶商大學論集 Vol.9 No.-

This paper attempts to review and trace back to, based on the data collected during visits of Japanese universities and research institutes, the organizational characteristics, the structures of curricula and study trends, with regard to the fields of social sciences, especially economics and business administration. One of the most conspicuous characteristics observed in academic organizations was Tsukuba university's system whose academic institution was organized around academic grouping, academic genealogy, and specialty: particularly social economic planning belonged to the genealogy of social engineering, in light of its characteristics in term of curriculum, seems to meet the contemporary need. There found two speciality areas in the Department of Social Engineering at the Graduate School: one is the concentration on Mathematical Planning and the other Management Engineering. Considering that its academic goal is tosys tematically and empirically analyze the human behaviors, and to take interdi-sci plinary approach through a policy-oriented system in doing so, it reflects one of the true natures of the academic trend. Their curricula appear to emphasize on analytical methods under uncertainty, application of mathematical planning techniques, system simulation, and information system design and its application, in the area of economics and business administration. Physical education is believed to require modernized facilities and equipments for its record-breaking and technical enhancement, and so increased investment in physical facilities and policy considerations for the training of physical educators are necessary.

메티실린 내성 황색 포도상구균에서 vancomycin과 gentamicin병용의 항균력 상승효과 : Gentamicin 감수성에 따른 영향

김양수,김은옥,이상오,김백남,류지소,배직현,우준희,김미나,정두련,박수진 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.2

배 경 : Vancomycin은 메티실린 내성 황색 포도상구균(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) 감염치료 시 선택 약제이다. 그러나, MRSA에 의한 심내막염과 같은 심부감염에서는 vancomycin 단독치료로 실패하는 경우가 흔히 보고되고 있다. MRSA에서 vancomycin과 aminoglycoside 병용의 상승효과에 대하여는 기존의 연구가 많지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 MRSA에서 vancomycin과 gentamicin 병합 시 상승효과가존재하는지를 알아보고, 만일 상승효과가 있다면 이를 예측할 수 있는 gentamicin의 최소억제농도를 밝히고자 하였다. 방 법 : 임상검체로부터 분리된 MRSA균주 중 무작위로 51균주를 선택하여 한천 희석법으로 gentamicin에 대한 최소 억제농도를 측정하였다. 이들 중 다양한 최소억제농도를 가지는 25균주에 대하여 vancomicin에 대한 최소억제농도와 최소살균농도를 측정하여 vancomycin에 대한 내약성(tolerance)여부를 조사하였고, vancomicin과 gentamicin 단독 및 병합에 대한 "time-kill 연구"를 시행하였다. 결 과 : MRSA 51균주에 대한 gentamicin의 최소억제농도는 4μg/mL 이하에서 512μg/mL 이상의 범위였으며, 7균주(13.7%)에서 감수성을 보였고 나머지 44균주(86.3%)는 내성이었다. 선택된 25균주의 MRSA 모두가 vancomycin에 감수성을 보였으나 16균주(64.0%)는 vancomycin에 tolerance를 보였다. Time kill 측정에서 약물 상호 작용의 분석이 가능하였던 18균주 중 5균주(27.8%)에서 상승효과가 관찰되었으며 나머지 13균주(72.2%)는 상호 무관한 작용을 보였다. 상승효과를 보인 5균주 모두가 gentamicin 최소억제농도 32μg/mL 이하이었으며, gentamicin 최소억제농도가 64μg/mL 이상인 균주 중 상승 작용을 보인 균주는 없었다. 결 론 : 메티실린 내성 황색 포도상구균의 대부분은 gentamicin에 내성을 보이지만, gentamicin에 내성이 있는 경우라도 gentamicin 최소억제농도가 32μg/mL 이하라면 vancomicin과 gentamicin을 병합 치료하여 상승효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Background : Vancomycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). However, vancomycin monotherapy of deep-seated staphylococcal infection may be associated with poor bacteriological response. Limited data suggest that vancomycin-gentamicin combination therapy is effective against MRSA. In this study, we evaluated the vancomycin-gentamicin synergism against MRSA and also investigated whether gentamicin susceptibility may affect the synergism. Materials and Methods : The 51 strains of MRSA were obtained from patients at the Asan Medical Center from 1995 to 1996. The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of gentamicin were determined by the agar dilution method. The 25 strains with various levels of gentamicin MICs were chosen for time-kill studies. The MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations(MBCs) of vancomycin were defined to determine vancomycin tolerance. Time-kill curves were established with vancomycin, gentamicin, and a combination of both. Results : Gentamicin MICs ranged from 4 to 512 μg/mL. Only 7 of the 51 strains were gentamicin-susceptible and 44 were resistant. All of the 25 strains chosen were susceptible to vancomycin, but 16 of them showed tolerance. Vancomycin-gentamicin synergism was demonstrated in 5 of the 18 strains, in which the analysis of drug interaction was possible. In the remaining 13 strains, vancomycin and gentamicin interacted in a nonsynergistic manner. In all strains that showed synergism, the MICs of gentamicin were below 32 μg/mL. No synergism was demonstrated in strains with gentamicin MICs above 64 μg/mL. Conclusions : Although most of MRSA strains are resistant to gentamicin, synergistic interaction between vancomycin and gentamicin may be expected when the MIC of gentamicin is below 32 μg/mL.

Effect of low processing rate on homogeneous microstructural evolution of polyacrylonitrile‑based carbon fibers

Doo‑Won Kim,Dae Ho Kim,Sung Ryong Kim,Bo‑Hye Kim,Yun Hyuk Bang,Duck Joo Yang,Go Bong Choi,Yoong Ahm Kim,Kap Seung Yang 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.5

This study demonstrates that low processing rate for producing polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber is a critical to obtain a homogeneous radial microstructure with high resistance to oxidation, thereby resulting in their improved mechanical strength. The dry-jet wet spun PAN organic fibers were processed (e.g., stabilized and then carbonized) utilizing two different rates; one is 1.6 times longer than the other. The effect of processing rate on the microstructural evolutions of carbon fibers was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy after slow etching in air, as well as Raman mapping after graphitization. The rapidly processed fiber exhibited the multilayered radial structure, which is caused by the radial direction stretching of the extrusion in the spinning. In case of the slowly processed fiber, the layered radial structure formed in the spinning process was changed into a more homogeneous radial microstructure. The slowly processed fibers showed higher oxidation resistance, higher mechanical properties, and higher crystallinity than the rapidly processed one. Raman mapping confirmed that the microstructure developed during spinning was sustained even though fiber was thermally treated up to 2800 °C.

An Improved Speech Processing Strategy for Cochlear Implants Based on an Active Nonlinear Filterbank Model of the Biological Cochlea

Kim $^$, Kyung Hwan,Choi, Sung Jin,Kim, Jin Ho,Kim, Doo Hee IEEE 2009 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Vol.56 No.3

<P>The purpose of this study was to improve the speech processing strategy for cochlear implants (CIs) based on a nonlinear time-varying filter model of a biological cochlea. The level-dependent frequency response characteristic of the basilar membrane is known to produce robust formant representation and speech perception in noise. A dual resonance nonlinear (DRNL) model was adopted because it is simpler than other adaptive nonlinear models of the basilar membrane and can be readily incorporated into the CI speech processor. Spectral analysis showed that formant information is more saliently represented at the output of the proposed CI speech processor compared to the conventional strategy in noisy conditions. Acoustic simulation and hearing experiments showed that the DRNL-based nonlinear strategy improves speech performance in a speech-spectrum-shaped noise.</P>

예비체육교사의 패럴림픽에 대한 이해도 비교 연구

김상두(Sang Doo Kim),김준석(Jun Sik Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2014 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.57

The purpose of this study is to find out the level of understanding for pre-service physical-education teachers about the Paralympics and the differences between physical education majors and adapted physical education majors. For the purpose of the survey, a distinct difference between the groups on a survey has been identified. The survey material used for this study with a modification is based on Yeon-Sook Ko, Kyung-Sook Kim``s modified survey(2005) that scale analysis of disability attitude factor, which DFS(Disability Factor Scale) invented by Siller(1983) and translated by Jong-Nam Lee(1994), was used as a reference. For this study, collected 380 papers of information was updated and SPSS 18.0 program was used for its analysis with significant level of 5 percent or below. The frequency analysis has been conducted to figure out the subject``s general features, and t-test which is mean difference analysis and One-Way ANOVA have been conducted to see the awareness of the Paralympics. These tests were also used to verify differences between the two groups differentiated by major. The result are as followed. First, male have better understanding toward Paralympics than female do. However, none of statistical significance-difference was found. Second, the level of understanding toward Paralympics for all graders shows no sign of statistical significance-difference. Third, overall, adapted physical education majors have decent level of understanding toward Paralympics and the gap created from the fact, that whether he/she took adapted physical education classes, was shown. Fourth, a group with experience of volunteering turned out to have high level of understanding toward Paralympics and statistical significance-difference was found. It is shown that the differences about understanding toward Paralympics between the groups exist and pre-service physical-education teachers have lower level of understanding toward Paralympics compared to adapted physical-education majors. Fifth, the understanding level of pre-service physical-education teachers indicates areal gap and classes taken. In this study, a survey has been developed to find out the understanding level of Paralympics, which is one of the major events, for pre-service physical-education teachers and the differences between the groups have been identified. In this study which is to develop a survey as base line data to vitalize , it is suggested as followed. First, due to the fact that pre-service physical-education teachers were the subject for this study, an additionalstudy for a group of teachers who are currently working in the field should be made. Second, this study is only for major events of disabled for Paralympics. Later on, hence, study including morefeatures is a mandatory, such as various games, domestic sports festival for the people with handicapped. Third, due to this study is focused on pre-service physical education teacher, later, research which is forspecial education teacher should be needed for their better physical education service.

발성법(發聲法)의 이론(理論)과 실제(實際)

김상두 ( Sang Doo Kim ) 건국대학교 교육연구소 1980 교사와 교육(구 교육논집) Vol.5 No.-

Voice production should be based on scientific principle. The science of voice production is a knowledge of certain phenomena of physical movements which are found under certain conditions to occur regularly and which produce certain definite effects. There is only one way to sing perfectly and that is the correct scientific way. All singing must of necessity be beautiful, first, last and always. Rather have it said that the voice is small and beautiful than loud and otherwise. The small beautifully placed voice is capable of portraying the full gamut of human emotions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop our own instrument, which is the vocal apparatus we rely upon to produce our own beautiful singing. When singing is most scientifically produced, and the voice soars out smothly, evenly and vibrantly with its resultant seeming effortless singing. The great fundamental objectives or principles in voice production are, proper posture, breath control, free tone, balanced, efficient ringing sonorous tone, and expressive and varied tone color. Proper posture is a fundamental for control and maximum success in any type of skill activity whether it be athletics or musical performance. Necessary physical development for singing begin with habituation of proper posture and continuss through breath development and strengthening of the vocal organs through singing and tonal exercises. Efficient daphragmatic-costal breath control is the great fundamental in singing. Breath control, or breath support, means to keep tone flowing evenly, freely and firmly. Freedom vitality, expressive tone color, variety, efficiency, sonority, and evenness in tonal production is also fundamental principle in singing. The first reguisite in tonal technic is freedom of production. It is vital that we learn to both hear and feel the difference between good and bad tone and, eventually, between the finest shades of discrimination.

안근성 중증근무력증이 동반된 갑상선 기능항진증의 임상상 : Report of Six Cases

서지영,김두만,김현규,최철수,임성희,유재명,최문기,유형준,박성우,김형철,송홍기,김덕환 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5