NPIs and Rhetorical Question in Korean

Cho, Sae Youn,Lee, Han Gyu 대한언어학회 2001 언어학 Vol.9 No.1

Cho, Sae-Yom and Lee, Han.-Gyu. 2001. NPIs and Rhetorical Question in Korean. The Linguistic Association f Korea Journal, 9(1), 145-166. This paper provides a syntactic end pragmatic account of the Negative Polarity Items (LAPIS) end Rhetorical Question (RQ) in Korean, which would be hard to explain under current syntactic views (Sohn, 1995). For a theory of NPIS to be adequate, it must answer the following questions'. (i) What is an appropriate constraint to NPIS to explain the difference in distributional behaviors between Declarative Sentences (DS) and RQ?, and (ii) Why does such a difference exist depending o constructions? To answer these questions, we propose that the distributional behavior can be dealt with by specifying lexical properties of NPIs still positing a construction type, and suggest that sentences with NPIs can be fully understood by discerning the pragmatic role of NPIs at issue. (Honam University and Kyung Lee University)

저장 온도 및 상대습도가 비타민 정제 중 지용성 비타민 함량의 변화에 미치는 영향

김동섭,이재황,김세곤,이동언,박석준,이진희,이강표,최성원,백무열 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2007 硏究論文集 Vol.26 No.1

치과 기공사들에게서 나타나는 호흡기 증상과 이의 관련 요인

김웅철,오세윤,김지환,김진완,이준석,이가영,이세훈,유진호,김태석 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2001 保健科學論集 Vol.27 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate subjective respiratory symptoms and their attributable factors in Korean dental laboratory technicians. A questionnaire was mailed to randomly selected 1,900 dental laboratory technicians. Among them, 1,344 dental technicians completed the questionnaires and returmned them. Validity and reliability tests on the questionnaires were carried out before the main survey. To investigate risk factors on respiratory subjective symptoms, we performed analysis on distribution of characteristics, and then investigated univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence rate of wheezing, cough and phlegm, and dyspnea was 4.8%, 33.9%, 54.9%, respectively. Statistically significant factors inducing subjective respiratory symptoms by multiple logistic regression analysis were sex, smoking, exercise, health examination, work hours a day, investment gas, investment dust, metal fume, resin vapor, and asbestos dust. Considering the results above, it seems that most subjective respiratory symptoms are related with health habits and occupational environmental-related factors. The result, consideration in mind, suggest that health promotion programs for smoking cessation, regular health examination, and physical exercise in health habit, and improvement on casting and resin work in dental technological environment be necessary.

한국재래산양 태자에서 위장관내분비세포의 분포 및 출현빈도에 관한 연구

이형식,구세광 慶山大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學 Vol.1 No.1

임신 180일령의 한국재래산양 태자의 위장관 내분비세포의 각 부위별 출현 분포와 빈도를 도은법으로 관찰한 결과 은호성세포는 위장관 전 부위에서 관찰되었으며, 위저부에서 가장 다수 관찰되었다. 은친화성세포는 유문부, 공장, 회장 및 결장에서 극소수 관찰되었다. 또한 위장관 전 부위에서 온호성세포들이 은친화성세포들보다 더 다수 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 한국재래산양 태자의 위장관 내분비세포의 출현 분포와 빈도는 다른 동물과 유사하게 관찰되었다. The regional distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were studied in the fetus(180 days of gestation) of the Korean native goat with silver techniques. Argyrophil cells(Grimelius positive cells) were fond throughout the gastrointestinal tract and they were most predominant in the fundic gland regions. Argentaffin cells(Masson-Hamperl positive cells) were observed in pylorus, jejunum, ileum, and colon. In the whole gastrointestinal tract, argyrophil cells were observed more numerous than argentaffin cells.

착지 방법이 하지 관절의 충격흡수 기전에 미치는 영향

이세용,이승민,최지영 한국운동역학회 2001 한국운동역학회지 Vol.10 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 상해의 가능성이 있는 비교적 높은 높이에서의 착지 시 착지 방법에 따라 지면접촉 구간에서의 발목 관절과 무릎 관절에서의 각도 변화와 모멘트를 비교하고 검증해 봄으로써 착지 방법이 충격흡수에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 있다. 본 연구를 위하여 하지의 병력을 가지고 있지 않은 신체적으로 건강한 남자 대학생 6명을 실험 대상자로 선정하였다. 운동학적 변인에서 발목 관절은 착지 방법에 관계없이 일정한 각도로 착지한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 그 이후에 연성 착지인 경우 경성 착지에 비하여 상대적으로 발목을 많이 굴곡(flex)시켜 하지에 미치는 충격을 최소화하려는 노력이 보였다. 무릎 관절은 착지 방법에 관계없이 일정한 각도로 착지한 것으로 나타났다. 연성 착지와 경성 착지를 구분하는 대표적인 방법은 각 관절 발생하는 최대 굴곡각을 비교해 봄으로써 가능하다는 것이다. 운동역학적 변인에서 발목관절은 최대 모멘트 값이 연성 착지 조건에 비하여 경성 착지 조건에서 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 최대 모멘트가 발생하기까지의 시간도 짧고 이에 따라 초기 50%구간 이전의 기울기도 급격함을 알 수 있다. 무릎관절은 최대 모멘트 값이 연성 착지 조건에 비하여 경성 착지 조건에서 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 최대 모멘트가 발생하기까지의 시간도 짧고 이에 따라 초기 50%구간 이전의 기울기도 급격함을 알 수 있다. 이는 무게 중심이 아래로 이동하는 것을 막기 위하여 경성 착지에서 발생하는 고유의 기전이며, 이때 발생하는 충격이 상위 분절로 전이되어 상해의 원인이 되기도 한다. 본 연구를 통하여 착지 방법을 구분 지을 수 있는 운동학적, 운동역학적 변인들의 특성들을 알 수 있었다. 연성 착지와 경성 착지는 최대 굴곡 각을 크기와 최대 모멘트의 크기를 비교해 봄으로써 구분 지을 수 있으며, 또한 최대 모멘트가 발생하는 시각을 비교하면 보다 명확히 구분 할 수 있다. 그러나 상해를 최소화하는 착지 방법을 추정하는데는 어려움이 있었다. 추후의 연구에서는 무릎만이 아니라 힙에서 작용하는 모멘트를 분석하고 에너지를 변인을 추가하고 착지 시 주동근으로서 작용하는 신전근과 굴곡근에 EMG를 부착하여 분석해 봄으로써 착지에 대한 명확한 분석이 이루어질 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to verify the angle and monent of the ankle, knee joint during foot contact period and find the influence of landing style on shock-absorbing mechanism of the lower extremity. 6 healthy male university student who didn't experience lower extremity disease were participated in the study. The kinematic variables of ankle and knee joint were as follows. There were no significant difference between soft and stiff landing in initial contact angle of ankle and knee joint. But there were difference between soft and stiff landing in maximum flexion angle of ankle and knee joint. These results indicate that the maximum flexion angle could be used as a criterion to categorize soft and stiff landing. The kinematic variables of the ankle and knee joint were as follows. There were significant difference between soft and stiff landing in maximum muscle moment at ankle and knee joints. There were also significant difference between maximum muscle moment timming at ankle and knee joint. The difference of maximum muscle moment and timming result in the sudden incline of first 50% period of moment time graph. These results indicates that the mechanism to prevent lowering whole body CM occuerred during foot contact period.

한국재래산양 태자의 위장관에서 Serotonin 면역반응세포의 분포 및 출현빈도에 관한 연구

이형식,구세광,이재현 慶山大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1998 基礎科學 Vol.2 No.2

임신 180일령의 한국재래산양 태자에서 위장관 각 부위에 걸쳐 serotonin 면역반응 세포의 분포와 출현빈도를 면역조직화학적으로 관찰하였던 바, serotonin 면역반응세포는 위장관 전 부위에서 관찰되었다. 부위별 분포는 유문부(74.8/1㎟)에서 가장 높은 빈도를 나타내었으며, 직장(55.6/1㎟), 공장(27.8/1㎟), 십이지장(27.5/1㎟), 결장(24.0/1㎟) 및 위저부(22.2/1㎟)의 순으로 관찰되었다. 이들 면역반응세포들은 위장관 전 부위에서 원형, 타원형 및 방추형의 형태로 점막샘 부위에서 관찰되었으며, 소수의 면역반응세포들은 점막상피에서도 관찰되었다. The regional distribution and relative frequency of serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the fetus(180 days of gestation) of the Korean native goat were studied with immunohistochemical(ABC) methods. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract and these cells were situated to mucosal glands and epithelia. Theses cells were most predominant in the pylorus(74.8/1㎟), and rectum(55.6/1㎟), jejunum(27.8/1㎟), duodenum(27.5/1㎟), colon(24.0/1㎟), and fundus(22.2/1㎟) were followed in that order. The immunoreactive cells in the stomach regions were round or spherical, however these cells in the intestine were spherical to elongated spindle in shape.

의지 착용자들의 보행자세에 대한 운동학적 분석

이세형 제주대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.35 No.-

The study was undertaken to analysis the normal and prosthetic's gait pattern. For the above details, equipment used was panasonic high speed camere for 3 dimensional analysis and force plateform(A.M.T.I) for ground reaction force analysis. 1) The range of abduction and adduction in control group was nearly 1 degree but 3 degree in BK and 7 degree AK group. 2) The height of raised foot was nearly the same in control and BK group, but two times in AK group. 3) The range of circumduction was nearly larger 5 degree in BK group than control and AK group, and the opposite foot of prosthetic's was larger circumbate. 4) The shivering of lower leg was moved outside in knee and inside in heel in all group, but deviated nearly 7 degree in RAK group. 5) The gait stride showed decrease trend from BK to AK group. The reason AK and BK group compared the control group can't have balanced in gainting. 6) In the ground reaction force, the result of time-force curve analysis showed rectangular pattern in control group, but did not show in AK an BK group.

원자력 규제에 있어서 자치단체의 역할

이동과,정사언 仁川大學校 法科大學 1998 仁川法學論叢 Vol.1 No.-

강-소성 대변형 유한요소법을 이용한 판재성형에 관한 연구

이영선,장세용,홍성인 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1993 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.8 No.2

Process modeling of sheet metal forming operations is carried out using the rigid-plastic finite element method based on membrane theory. The sheet materials are assumed to have normal anisotropy and to obey Hill's anisotropic yield criterion and its associated flow rule. The formulation takes into account finite strain and isotropic work hardening during deformation. Triangular elements with linear displacement functions are used to discretize the sheet domain. A constant frictional condition is assumed between the forming tools and sheet. The axisymmetric punch stretching and deep drawing process are analyzed in order to examine the validity of the proposed finite element formulation. To examine the effects of friction, the various models of axisymmetric punch stretching are analyzed. And then, the calaulated values are represented graphically by the developed postprocessing program.

경막외마취 환자에서 10% Pentastarch 용액의 혈장확장효과

이정은,박병룡,김은경,김만수,최세진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.1

In order to compare the effect of 10 % pentastarch solution with Ringer's lactate solution on plasma volume expansion in thirty epidural anesthetic patients, systolic arterial blood pressure (SABP), diastolic arterial blood pressure(DABP), heart rate(HR), central venous pressure(CVP), cardiac output(CO) and changes of hemoglobin(Hb) were measured. The patients were devided into three groups Group Ⅰ (n=10) ; Epidural anesthesia was performed without fluid infusion previously(control) Group Ⅱ (n=10) ; 500 ml of Ringer's lactate solution was rapid infused intravenously before epidural anesthesia Group Ⅲ (n=10) ; 500 ml of 10% pentastarch solution was rapid infused intravenously before epidural anesthesia All data were collected before fluid infusion, at 15 min, at 30 min, at 45 min, at 60 min, at 120 min and at 180 min after epidural local anesthetic injection. The results are as follows. 1. SABP, DABP, HR, CVP and CO were decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 30, 45 minute after local epidural anesthetic injection in Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ. There was no any significant differences between two groups. 2. SABP, DABP, HR and CO were not changed significantly, Besides CVP was increased significantly (p<0.05) after 10% pentastarch solution infusion in group Ⅲ. 3. Changes of Hb were increased in group Ⅲ.