Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Hainanmycin on Protein Degradation and Populations of Ammonia-producing Bacteria In vitro

Wang, Z.B.,Xin, H.S.,Wang, M.J.,Li, Z.Y.,Qu, Y.L.,Miao, S.J.,Zhang, Y.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.5

An in vitro fermentation was conducted to determine the effects of hainanmycin on protein degradation and populations of ammonia-producing bacteria. The substrates (DM basis) for in vitro fermentation consisted of alfalfa hay (31.7%), Chinese wild rye grass hay (28.3%), ground corn grain (24.5%), soybean meal (15.5%) with a forage: concentrate of 60:40. Treatments were the control (no additive) and hainanmycin supplemented at 0.1 (H0.1), 1 (H1), 10 (H10), and 100 mg/kg (H100) of the substrates. After 24 h of fermentation, the highest addition level of hainanmycin decreased total VFA concentration and increased the final pH. The high addition level of hainanmycin (H1, H10, and H100) reduced (p<0.05) branched-chain VFA concentration, the molar proportion of acetate and butyrate, and ratio of acetate to propionate; and increased the molar proportion of propionate, except that for H1 the in molar proportion of acetate and isobutyrate was not changed (p>0.05). After 24 h of fermentation, H10 and H100 increased (p<0.05) concentrations of peptide nitrogen and AA nitrogen and proteinase activity, and decreased (p<0.05) $NH_3$-N concentration and deaminase activity compared with control. Peptidase activitives were not affected by hainanmycin. Hainanmycin supplementation only inhibited the growth of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, which is one of the species of low deaminative activity. Hainanmycin supplementation also decreased (p<0.05) relative population sizes of hyper-ammonia-producing species, except for H0.1 on Clostridium aminophilum. It was concluded that dietary supplementation with hainanmycin could improve ruminal fermentation and modify protein degradation by changing population size of ammonia-producing bacteria in vitro; and the addition level of 10 mg/kg appeared to achieve the best results.

Proteomic Analysis Reveals PGAM1 Altering cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Gland.

Wang, T,Lee, S B,Hwang, J H,Lim, J N,Jung, U S,Kim, M J,Kang, H S,Choi, S H,Lee, J S,Roh, S G,Lee, H G American Oil Chemists' Society 2015 Lipids Vol.50 No.5

<P>cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is one of the most extensively studied CLA isomers due to its multiple isomer-specific effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of cis-9,trans-11 CLA synthesis in ruminant mammary gland are still not clearly understood. This process may be mediated, to a certain extent, by trans-11 C18:1 regulated by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) and/or its syntrophic proteins. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TVA on SCD1-mediated cis-9,trans-11 CLA synthesis in MAC-T cells and its potential molecular mechanism. Results showed that trans-11 C18:1 was continually taken up and converted into cis-9,trans-11 CLA in MAC-T cells during the 4-h incubation of 50?μM trans-11 C18:1. SCD1 protein expression increased more than twofold at 2?h (P?<?0.01) and 2.5?h (P?<?0.05) before decreasing to less than half of the normal level at 4?h (P?<?0.05). One up-regulated (RAS guanyl releasing protein 4 isoform 1 [RASGRP4]) and six down-regulated proteins (glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 1 [GNPDA1], triosephosphate isomerase [TPI1], phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [PGAM1], heat shock protein beta-1 [HSPB1], annexin A3 [ANXA3], thiopurine S-methyltransferase [TPMT]) were found in MAC-T cells treated with trans-11 C18:1. Of these seven identified proteins, the presence of GNPDA1 and PGAM1 was verified in several models. More trans-11 C18:1 was taken up after PGAM1 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA). In conclusion, our data suggested that PGAM1 may have a negative relationship with SCD1 and seemed to be involved in cis-9, trans-11 CLA synthesis by facilitating the absorption of trans-11 C18:1 in the bovine mammary gland.</P>

In vivo imaging of tumor apoptosis using histone H1-targeting peptide

Wang, K.,Purushotham, S.,Lee, J.Y.,Na, M.H.,Park, H.,Oh, S.J.,Park, R.W.,Park, J.Y.,Lee, E.,Cho, B.C.,Song, M.N.,Baek, M.C.,Kwak, W.,Yoo, J.,Hoffman, A.S.,Oh, Y.K.,Kim, I.S.,Lee, B.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2010 Journal of controlled release Vol.148 No.3

In vivo imaging of apoptosis could allow monitoring of tumor response to cancer treatments such as chemotherapy. Using phage display, we identified the CQRPPR peptide, named ApoPep-1(Apoptosis-targeting Peptide-1), that was able to home to apoptotic and necrotic cells in tumor tissue. ApoPep-1 also bound to apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture, while only little binding to live cells was observed. Its binding to apoptotic cells was not dependent on calcium ion and not competed by annexin V. The receptor for ApoPep-1 was identified to be histone H1 that was exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. In necrotic cells, ApoPep-1 entered the cells and bound to histone H1 in the nucleus. The imaging signals produced during monitoring of tumor apoptosis in response to chemotherapy was enhanced by the homing of a fluorescent dye- or radioisotope-labeled ApoPep-1 to tumor treated with anti-cancer drugs, whereas its uptake of the liver and lung was minimal. These results suggest that ApoPep-1 holds great promise as a probe for in vivo imaging of apoptosis, while histone H1 is a unique molecular signature for this purpose.

DROWSY BEHAVIOR DETECTION BASED ON DRIVING INFORMATION

M. S. WANG,N. T. JEONG,K. S. KIM,S. B. CHOI,S. M. YANG,S. H. YOU,J. H. LEE,서명원 한국자동차공학회 2016 International journal of automotive technology Vol.17 No.1

Drowsy behavior is more likely to occur in sleep-deprived drivers. Individuals’ drowsy behavior detection technology should be developed to prevent drowsiness related crashes. Driving information such as acceleration, steering angle and velocity, and physiological signals of drivers such as electroencephalogram (EEG), and eye tracking are adopted in present drowsy behavior detection technologies. However, it is difficult to measure physiological signal, and eye tracking requires complex experiment equipment. As a result, driving information is adopted for drowsy driving detection. In order to achieve this purpose, driving experiment is performed for obtaining driving information through driving simulator. Moreover, this paper investigates effects of using different input parameter combinations, which is consisted of lateral acceleration, longitudinal acceleration, and steering angles with different time window sizes (i.e. 4 s, 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 60 s), on drowsy driving detection using random forest algorithm. 20 s-size datasets using parameter combination of accelerations in lateral and longitudinal directions, compared to the other combination cases of driving information such as steering angles combined with lateral and longitudinal acceleration, steering angles only, longitudinal acceleration only, and lateral acceleration only, is considered the most effective information for drivers’ drowsy behavior detection. Moreover, comparing to ANN algorithm, RF algorithm performs better on processing complex input data for drowsy behavior detection. The results, which reveal high accuracy 84.8 % on drowsy driving behavior detection, can be applied on condition of operating real vehicles.

Two S-wave gap symmetry for single crystals of the superconductor BaFe_1.8Co_0.2As₂

Choi, K.Y.,Kim, S.H.,Choi, C.,Jung, M.H.,Wang, X.F.,Chen, X.H.,Noh, J.D.,Lee, S.I. North-Holland 2010 Physica. C, Superconductivity Vol.470 No.suppl1

To clarify the gap structure of the iron-pnictide superconductors, we synthesized optimally doped single crystals of BaFe<SUB>1.8</SUB>Co<SUB>0.2</SUB>As<SUB>2</SUB>, which had a critical temperature, T<SUB>c</SUB>, of 23.6K. The initial M-H curve was used to find the lower critical field, H<SUB>c1</SUB>. The full range of the temperature dependence of H<SUB>c1</SUB> was explained by using a two S-wave gap symmetry. We estimate the two gap as Δ<SUB>1</SUB>(0)=1.64+/-0.2meV for the small gap and Δ<SUB>2</SUB>(0)=6.20+/-0.2meV for the large gap.

Fermentation for Liquid-type Yogurt with Lactobacillus casei 911LC

Ko, I.H.,Wang, M.K.,Jeon, B.J.,Kwak, H.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.1

This study was carried out to find the attributes for liquid-type yogurt with Lactobacillus casei 911LC during 72 h fermentation at $37^{\circ}C$. The pH decreased up to 32 h and plauteaued thereafter, and the titratable acidity increased up to 40 h. The growth of lactic acid bacteria sharply increased with $3.5{\times}10^7$ cfu/ml up to 40 h of fermentation and slowly decreased thereafter. The free amino acids produced during fermentation reached the maximum value at 44 h and gradually decreased thereafter. Bitterness sensory scores were the highest at 44 h of fermentation. In the result of electrophoresis, the band mostly disappeared at 72 h fermentation. The present data showed that the range of optimum fermentation time for liquid-type yogurt using Lactobacillus casei 911LC was from 40 to 44 h.

Evaluation of Sulfur and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composite Synthesized by Dissolution and Precipitation for Li/S Batteries

Park, J. S.,Kim, D. J.,Park, J. W.,Ryu, H. S.,Kim, K. W.,Wang, G. X.,Ahn, H. J. American Scientific Publishers 2012 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.12 No.7

<P>An elemental sulfur and multi-walled carbon nanotube (S-MWNT) composite was synthesized by dissolving sulfur in ammonium sulfides and then precipitating on MWNT. Morphology observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that S-MWNT product was successfully prepared by incorporating sulfur into MWNT network. Without additional conducting material, the S-MWNT composite cathodes were prepared for electrochemical tests. The properties measured in discharge-charge cycling test showed that the composite had the initial discharge capacity of 1024 mAh g(-1), which is about 61% sulfur utilization. However, in the subsequent cycling, the capacities faded. To determine the reason of rapid capacity drop, S-MWNT composite cathodes were compared in the cycling tests with varying three kinds of electrolytes and the cathode was subjected to physical force by rolling. The changes in the cycle performances proved that the deterioration of S-MWNT composite cathodes was not related to the electrolytes but to physical bonding that may not maintain the conducting path between sulfur and MWNT.</P>

China Spallation Neutron Source: Accelerator Design Iterations and R&D Status

J. Wei,C.-D. Deng,C.-H. Wang,C.-T. Shi,H. Sun,H.-F. Ouyang,H.-M. Qu,H.-Y. Dong,J. Li,J. Zhang,J.-S. Cao,J.-Y. Tang,L. Dong,L.-L. Wang,Q. Qin,Q.-B. Wang,S. Wang,S.-N. Fu,S.-X Fang,T. -G. Xu,W. Kang,Y.- 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.I

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high-power, accelerator-based project currently under preparation. The accelerator complex consists of an H$^-$ ion source, an H$^-$ linac, a rapid-cycling proton synchrotron, and the transport lines. During the past year, the design of most accelerator systems went through major iterations, and initial research and developments was started on the prototyping of several key components.

Bendable and flexible supercapacitor based on polypyrrole-coated bacterial cellulose core-shell composite network

Wang, F.,Kim, H.J.,Park, S.,Kee, C.D.,Kim, S.J.,Oh, I.K. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers 2016 Composites science and technology Vol.128 No.-

We report a bendable and flexible supercapacitor based on polypyrrole-coated core-shell bacterial cellulose composite networks. As an initial step, gel-type bacterial cellulose was transformed into individually ultrathin bacterial cellulose nanofibers (TOBC) with diameters of 3-5 nm, by using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpylperidine-l-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and successive mild disintegration in water. And, PPy-TOBC core-shell nanofiber network electrodes were synthesized in situ by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole with iron (III) chloride on the TOBC nanofibers in aqueous medium. The PPy-TOBC core-shell nanofiber network electrode exhibited a high porosity (101 m<SUP>2</SUP>/g) and high conductivity (~6.63 S/cm) due to the homogenous coating of PPy nanoparticles on the TOBC nanofiber network. The as-prepared PPy-TOBC supercapacitor cell, fabricated with PVDF-EMIMBF<SUB>4</SUB> (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) polymer electrolyte, showed a specific capacitance of 153 F/g and energy density of 21.22 Wh/kg at the current density of 0.2 A/g. Moreover, the PPy-TOBC supercapacitor exhibited an exceptionally good cyclic stability with ~93% capacitance retention after 100 cycles; it also showed good bending stability due to the mechanical failure tolerance of the nanofiber-networked electrodes. The present approach is a versatile, inexpensive, and promising way to develop the cellulose-based nanofiber network electrodes for practical energy storage applications.

Bactericidal effect through non-uptake pathway with photofunctional silicon polymer that generates reactive oxygen species

Wang, K.K.,Jung, S.J.,Hwang, J.W.,Kim, B.J.,Kim, D.H.,Bae, I.K.,Jeong, S.H.,Kim, Y.R. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology Chemist Vol.315 No.-

<P>We report bactericidal effect of photosensitizer (H2TPP: 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphyrin) through non-uptake pathway and efficacy of the photofunctional silicon polymer to the decomposition of the formed biofilm and the suppression of the biofilm formation. The photoftmctional silicon polymer (PSP), which is the silicon polymer embedded with a photosensitizer, is fabricated by a simple solvent swell-encapsulation-shrink method. Reactive oxygen generation from PSP was confirmed by using the decomposition reaction of 1,3-diphnyl-isobenzofuran (DPBF). Also, singlet oxygen generation which is one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) from PSP is directly confirmed with time and wavelength resolved singlet oxygen phosphorescence spectroscopy. For the influence study of ROS under the non-uptake condition of photosensitizer (PS to bacteria), photodynamic inactivation (PDI) effect of PSP is evaluated for Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Those microorganisms were inactivated by PSP within 1 h under the given power of laser light (63.7 mW/cm(2)). Among the bacteria, especially, Staphylococcus aureus as the Gram-positive bacteria were completely disinfected under the given experimental condition. Furthermore, PSP successfully demonstrates the decomposition of the formed biofilm and the suppression of the biofilm formation with green light emitting diode (GLED, 3.5 mW/cm(2),lambda(max) = 517 nm, FWHM = 37 nm), which shows the practical application possibility of bactericidal material. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>