Bioreduction of Hydrogen Uranyl Phosphate: Mechanisms and U(IV) Products

Rui, Xue,Kwon, Man Jae,O’Loughlin, Edward J.,Dunham-Cheatham, Sarrah,Fein, Jeremy B.,Bunker, Bruce,Kemner, Kenneth M.,Boyanov, Maxim I. American Chemical Society 2013 Environmental science & technology Vol.47 No.11

<P>The mobility of uranium (U) in subsurface environments is controlled by interrelated adsorption, redox, and precipitation reactions. Previous work demonstrated the formation of nanometer-sized hydrogen uranyl phosphate (abbreviated as HUP) crystals on the cell walls of <I>Bacillus subtilis</I>, a non-U<SUP>VI</SUP>-reducing, Gram-positive bacterium. The current study examined the reduction of this biogenic, cell-associated HUP mineral by three dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria, <I>Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans</I> strain K, <I>Geobacter sulfurreducens</I> strain PCA, and <I>Shewanella putrefaciens</I> strain CN-32, and compared it to the bioreduction of abiotically formed and freely suspended HUP of larger particle size. Uranium speciation in the solid phase was followed over a 10- to 20-day reaction period by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS) and showed varying extents of U<SUP>VI</SUP> reduction to U<SUP>IV</SUP>. The reduction extent of the same mass of HUP to U<SUP>IV</SUP> was consistently greater with the biogenic than with the abiotic material under the same experimental conditions. A greater extent of HUP reduction was observed in the presence of bicarbonate in solution, whereas a decreased extent of HUP reduction was observed with the addition of dissolved phosphate. These results indicate that the extent of U<SUP>VI</SUP> reduction is controlled by dissolution of the HUP phase, suggesting that the metal-reducing bacteria transfer electrons to the dissolved or bacterially adsorbed U<SUP>VI</SUP> species formed after HUP dissolution, rather than to solid-phase U<SUP>VI</SUP> in the HUP mineral. Interestingly, the bioreduced U<SUP>IV</SUP> atoms were not immediately coordinated to other U<SUP>IV</SUP> atoms (as in uraninite, UO<SUB>2</SUB>) but were similar in structure to the phosphate-complexed U<SUP>IV</SUP> species found in ningyoite [CaU(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O]. This indicates a strong control by phosphate on the speciation of bioreduced U<SUP>IV</SUP>, expressed as inhibition of the typical formation of uraninite under phosphate-free conditions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2013/esthag.2013.47.issue-11/es305258p/production/images/medium/es-2012-05258p_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es305258p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

The Researches of Mental Health Education on the College Students in China

Rui Xue,Lei Songlin 서울행정학회 2007 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

The college students are at the youth period of their life, and their physical growth is almost complete. However, their mental development has not hit the mature state yet. A series of problems is destined to emerge in the college students' mental health field due to the conflicts arising from the unbalanced mental development and physical growth. The college student's mental health's education was paid attention to over a long period of time by scholars. Since 80's in 20 centuries, the researches on college student's mental health education had already got into a booming development period. In recent ten years, there were some results of college students' mental health standard, mental health status, method and mode of mental health education. However, there were also some problems in research on Chinese college students' mental health education. Theoretical level was too low to instruct practice; the difference of district was distinctly and the whole level was on the low side; the professional level was relative low and operation was short of criterion; the passive trend was distinctly and the research couldn't develop roundly. From now on, the researches on college student's mental health education will carry out more widely, completely and will set up perfect theories systems to guide empirical exploration. The researches will carry out more deeply to push forward the researches on college student's mental health education roundly and the scholars will summarize results of the researches on college students' mental health to carry on the pointed education. The researchers will adopt multi ways and continue exploring the developmental education mode; establishing education system and innovate Long Acting mechanism of college student's mental health's education.

From Conflict Avoidance to Peaceful Path: The US-DPRK Denuclearization Interaction under the Frame of Incomplete Information Game

Xue Rui Kai,Xue Xin Guo 한국학술연구원 2022 Korea Observer Vol.53 No.1

The North Korean nuclear crisis is not only a major security issue but also a defense strategic issue as well. Whatever future U.S. policy toward North Korea, the game between the two countries will have to figure out what kind of Pyongyang Washington is dealing with. Starting from the extreme hypothesis that the United States may take a military strike against the DPRK, this article creatively constructs the game model of incomplete information between the U.S. and the DPRK, and establishes the payoff matrix for two types of the DPRK: tough and weak. Then, the article tries to answer why the United States does not have the conditions for military strikes against North Korea through the analysis of different payoffs of the United States towards the DPRK. Also, North Korea's tactics at the negotiating table, as well as the trends of US-DPRK relations, are important and will be analyzed in the article.

The Researches of Mental Health Education on the College Students in China: Its Status, Problems and Trends

Rui Xue,Yao Benxian,Lei Songlin 한국비교정부학회 2007 한국비교정부학보 Vol.11 No.1

High-Precision Tracking Control of a Piezoelectric Micro-nano Platform Using Sliding Mode Control with the Fractional-Order Operator

Rui Xue,Wei Pan,Zhongshi Wang,Dapeng Tian 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.12

In this paper, a sliding mode control using a fractional-order operator (SMCFO) method is presented for the hysteresis of a piezoelectric (PZT) micro-nano platform. At first, the hysteresis of the PZT micro-nano platform is described using the Duhem model. With respect to the sliding mode controller design, we introduce a fractional-order operator into the design of the sliding mode surface and enhance the performance of the proposed controller. The nonlinear switching action of the controller is eliminated through a smooth control action by applying an uncertainty and disturbance estimation technique. The stability of the proposed controller is analyzed using the Lyapunov theorem. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the SMCFO method achieves a no-load high precision tracking control of the PZT micro-nano platform and is also robust against load perturbations of the platform

Study of Noise Reduction Based on Optimal Fan Outer Pressure Ratio and Thermodynamic Performance for Turbofan Engines at Conceptual Design Stage

Rui Xue,Jun Jiang,Xing Zheng,Jian-liang Gong,Anthony Jackson 한국항공우주학회 2020 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.21 No.2

With the development of civil aero-engines, the noise emission is now an essential issue to be considered during engine design. In this study, the preliminary design for a model fan, which was used for the fan noise estimation, was carried out. The fans with different bypass ratios, different tip speed as well as different aspect ratio were designed and the rough dimensions of the fan were obtained. Based on the dimension and performance of the fan, the effect of fan bypass ratio, tip speed, rotor blade numbers, and rotor–stator spacing on noise generation was investigated. The results indicate that the fan noise can be reduced as high as 10 dB by the increase of bypass ratios, and fewer rotor blade numbers and larger rotor–stator spacing are proved to be benefit to the fan noise reduction as well. However, lower tip speed does not achieve the noise reduction as expected. This is because more rotor blades are added to maintain the constant fan pressure ratio for the fan with lower tip speed. The study demonstrates that trade-off study should be carried out when considering fan noise reduction during engine design.

모바일 결제시스템 특성에 대한 사용자 인식도 차이

유서설(Rui-xue Liu),윤종수(Jong-soo Yoon) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2022 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.27 No.4

모바일 결제시스템의 여러 가지 특성에 힘입어 많은 이용자는 언제 어디서나 시간과 장소의 제한없이 다양한 제품을 손쉽게 구입할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구는 모바일 결제시스템의 특성(보안성, 호환성, 효율성, 경제성, 신뢰성)에 대한 인식도가 모바일 결제시스템 사용자들의 특성(인구통계적 특성, 모바일 결제시스템 이용특성)에 따라 어떻게 달라지는가를 실증적으로 규명하고자 하였다. 한국과 중국의 모바일 결제시스템 사용자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 이용한 실증분석을 실시한 결과, 모바일 결제시스템 사용자들의 성별, 국적, 연령, 모바일 결제시스템 이용금액에 따라 모바일 결제시스템의 일부 특성에 대한 인식도에 있어서 차이가 존재하고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통한 분석결과는 향후 한국과 중국에서 모바일 결제시스템의 활성화 방안 및 성공적 정착을 모색하는 연구자나 실무자들에게 여러 측면에서의 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Thanks to various characteristics of mobile payment system, many users can easily purchase various products anytime, anywhere, free from time and place restrictions. In this respect, this study attempted to investigate how the perception of mobile payment system’s characteristics (security, compatibility, efficiency, economy, reliability) varies depending on the characteristics of mobile payment system users (demographic characteristics, usage characteristics of mobile payment system). The results of the empirical analysis using questionnaires for mobile payment system users in Korea and China say that there are differences in the perceptions of few characteristics of mobile payment system by gender, nationality, age, and usage amount of mobile payment system users. The analysis results of the study are expected to provide implications in various aspects to researchers and practitioners seeking ways for facilitating the usage of mobile payment systems in Korea and China in the future.

Hepatic Angiomyolipoma: Contrast Patterns with SonoVue-enhanced Real-time Gray-scale Ultrasonography

Wei, Rui-Xue,Wang, Wen-Ping,Ding, Hong,Huang, Bei-Jian,Li, Chao-Lun,Fan, Pei-Li,Hou, Jun,He, Nian-An Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2

This study was conducted to retrospectively evaluate the pattern of contrast enhancement with SonoVue on gray-scale ultrasonography of hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML). Imaging features of 33 pathologically proven HAML lesions in 33 patients who underwent baseline ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) were assessed retrospectively. All lesions were enhanced in the arterial phase and showed whole-tumor filling in. Thirty-two of 33 (97%) lesions showed early positive enhancement in the arterial phase. Twenty-three of these exhibited isoechoic or hyperechoic features in the portal phase. HAML demonstrate characteristic manifestations with SonoVue-enhanced real-time gray-scale ultrasonography.

중국 형사절차상 전자증거의 인정에 관한 연구

쟝루이쉐 ( Zhang Rui-xue ),이기수 ( Lee Ki-soo ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2018 法學硏究 Vol.26 No.4

형사절차에서 전자증거는 독특한 특성으로 인해 수집, 보존 등에 많은 어려움이 있고, 증거의 인정을 위한 증명력이나 관련성, 합법성 등에서 수사에 많은 난제들을 안겨주고 있다. 또한 전자증거의 인정은 전통적 증거 인정과 많이 다르고, 수사과정에서 쉽게 법의 한계를 넘어서 인권을 침범할 수 있는 가능성이 잠재하고 있다. 따라서 전자증거의 수사와 관련한 합리적인 법규를 통하여 사건의 순조로운 수사와 인권의 보장이라는 상호 모순되는 과제를 함께 해결할 수 있는 평형점을 찾을 필요성이 있다. 이 연구는 이러한 문제의식을 갖고, 중국의 형사절차에서 전자증거의 인정과 수집에 필요한 법규의 문제, 해당 사법인원의 첨단기술 지식의 결핍 문제, 적절한 감정기구의 관리와 확충 등의 문제점을 분석하고 아래와 같이 4개의 관점에서 상응한 대책을 제시하였다. 첫째, 전자증거의 인정 규칙을 보다 완전하게 수립해야 한다. 둘째, 전자증거의 배제원칙을 명확히 해야 한다. 셋째, 전자증거의 수집체계를 정비해야 한다. 넷째, 건전한 증거검증 체계를 구축해야 한다. 중국은 그 동안 외국의 이론과 방법을 참고해 법을 개정하는 등 이론적 성과가 있었지만 실무 및 입법적 성과가 미흡한 상태이다. 전자증거와 관련하여 막중한 책임에 비하면 아직도 할 일이 많은 실정이다. Electronic evidence is all types of digitized records and information generated by certain electronic devices and technologies, in the form of digital informatized codes, used to store and record relevant information and reflect specific cases. Electronic evidence does not include analog signal data. High-tech, instability, dependency, recoverability, and divergence are all unique to electronic evidence. Computer evidence can be further divided into electronic evidence in closed systems and electronic evidence in open systems. The identification of electronic evidence is divided into two parts: admissibility determination and probative force identification. Admissibility includes three aspects: relevance, legality, and authenticity. Proofability includes reliability, integrity, and degree of association. It is worth noting that the degree of relevance and relevance are two different concepts. The relevance is a qualitative issue. The degree of association is a quantitative issue. It must have relevance before it can be connected. In the identification of criminal electronic evidence, there are many characteristics that distinguish it from traditional criminal evidence. When investigating the criminal case, the investigating authorities can easily break through the restrictions of the law and constitute violations of human rights in the process of collecting criminal evidence. Therefore, it is imperative to establish strict and detailed investigation standards and strictly observe procedures in order to Seeking a balance between the pursuit of the two values of case detection and respect for human rights. At present, there are still many deficiencies in the identification of criminal electronic evidence in China. Especially in the process of obtaining evidence, the loss of electronic evidence is easy to be caused by comprehensive reasons. The first reason is the lack of criminal electronic evidence identification and collection, preservation mechanism. Secondly, there is no clear legal norm for the identification, collection and preservation of electronic evidence. In addition, judicial personnel generally lack of high-tech knowledge and the corresponding identification institutions are also important factors. This article will aim at the above existence question to put forward the reasonable solution countermeasure and the suggestion.

Research of the Interconnection of Workflow System Based on Web Service

Gang Yuan,Rui-zhi Sun,Yong Xiang,Yin-xue Shi 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.2

In order to achieve the interconnection between different workflow management systems, it was proposed that all the distributed workflow systems would be encapsulated as web services to perform the entire business process collaboratively by the way of processes’ composition in this paper. By analyzing the comparison between the composition of processes and ordinary Web service, we studied interactive control, the parameters required to be passed through the distributed workflow systems, the workflow system service’s interfaces and its packaging. Furthermore we put forward a general method of the workflow systems interactive interfaces’ extension and the way of the workflow service’s encapsulating and invoking. By this approach, it can easily combine the processes or process fragments which deployed on different workflow systems without other agents and components. It also provides support for the interconnection of the workflow systems in distributed environment, and ultimately achieves a coordinated operation between different workflow engines.