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( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김주현,진호철,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),이준호,정미진 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
A series of small molecule acceptor materials with the architecture of A1-π-A2-π-A1 (acceptor1-π-acceptor2-π-acceptor1) have been synthesized. The material structures are based on benzothiadiazole (BT) (A2) as the conjugated backbone, electron-rich thiophene (D) as the π-bridge, and end-capped by dicyanovinylindandione (IDC) (A1) groups, which are (BT-T-IDC) and (BT-T-tB-IDC). Both materials showed good thermal stability with the onset decomposition temperature (Td) upon 310oC at 5 wt % loss. However, BT-T-IDC material has poor solubility due to its high planarity structure. To increase the solubility of BT-T-IDC material, t-butyl is introduced into the end-capped moiety structure. As the result, the PCE of the device based on the material with t-butyl (BT-T-tB-IDC) (1.55%) was significantly enhanced than that of the device based on BT-T-IDC with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.88 V, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 4.09 mA/cm2, and a fill factor (FF) of 43.0%.
Self-Assembled Monolayer Treated ZnO by Benzoic Acid Derivatives in Organic Solar Cells
( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김동근,진호철,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0
Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecule derivatives from benzoic acid, such as 4-methoxybenzoic acid (MBA), 4-tertbutylbenzoic acid (BBA), and 4-fluorobenzoic acid (FBA), have different dipole orientation and magnitude. In this study, these benzoic acid derivatives were used as an electron injection/transporting layer in inverted type organic solar cells (OSCs) with a structure of ITO/SAM treated ZnO/active layer (P3HT:PC<sub>61</sub>BM)/MoO<sub>3</sub>/Ag, and then the performances of each are compared. The results showed that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the open circuit voltage (Voc) values of the devices based on ZnO/MBA and ZnO/BBA treated ZnO showed better performances than other devices. This can be caused by the direction of dipole moment of benzoic acid derivatives. Accordingly, this work provides an alternative strategy to improve the interface property between inorganic and organic materials in organic electronic devices by SAM treatment on the ZnO surface
( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),진호철,김동근,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0
A planar acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) structured organic molecule, (BDT-HTOX), was designed and synthesized for the application as donor material in inverted type organic solar cells (OSCs). Benzodithiophene (BDT) was used as central donor (D) unit and phenylisoxazol (OX) as acceptor (A) unit, while hexylthiophene (HT) ring as a bridge to extend the effective conjugation length and increase the solubility of the material. For devices, PC71BM is employing as the electron acceptor unit. Herein, the optoelectronic properties of BDTHTOX as well as the devices performances had been investigated. UV-Vis absorption and electrochemical measurements revealed the HUMO/LUMO level at -3.72 eV/ -5.44 eV with an optical band gap of 1.72 eV for BDT-HTOX. While the devices based on BDT-HTOX : PC<sub>71</sub>BM = 1:1 in chlorobenzene as a solvent for solution processed organic solar cells showed the best performance.
A-D-A Small Molecule Donor based on Benzodithiophene and its Application in Organic Solar Cells
( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김주현,진호철,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),이준호,정미진 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
An acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) small molecule donor, named (BDT-HTOX), was synthesized for the application in organic solar cells (OSCs). Benzodithiophene (BDT) was used as central donor (D) unit and phenylisoxazol (OX) as acceptor (A) unit. Hexylthiophene (HT) ring as a π-bridge to extend the effective conjugation length and increase the solubility of the material. The HUMO/LUMO energy level of BDT-HTOX were -3.72eV/-5.44 eV with an optical band gap of 1.72 eV. The devices based on BDT-HTOX/PC71BM = 1:1 in chlorobenzene as a solvent for solution processed organic solar cells showed the best performance with maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 0.80%, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of -3.26 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.88 V, and fill factor (FF) of 27.9%.
( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김주현,진호철,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),이준호,정미진 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
Conjugated small-molecule-donor masterials based on indacenodithieno [3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) and the chromone derivatives, named SMD1 (without fluorine) and SMD2 (with fluorine), were synthesized for organic solar cells. The chromone derivatives as an electrone-accepting group, when combined with IDTT, can effectively form a powerful push-pull structure that induces effective ICT and enhanced optical absorption. The PCEs of the devices based on small molecule donors containing fluorine in the terminal accepting group showed higher performances. Furthermore, the PCEs of the devices containing DIO as a processing additive were dramatically decreased. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels of the SMD1 and SMD2 were -5.33/-3.56 and -5.39/-3.50 eV, respectively. The best performance based on SMD1/PC<sub>71</sub>BM and SMD2/PC<sub>71</sub>BM were 1.03% and 2.23% without the addition of DIO, respectively.
( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김주현,진호철,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),이준호,정미진 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
A1-D-A2-D-A1 type of structured BT-CMCN, which consists of an electron-deficient benzothiadiazole (BT) (A2), electron-rich thiophene (D) and electron-deficient dicyanomethylene-4H-chromene (CMCN) (A1) moiety, was synthesized. BT-CMCN showed good thermal stability with the onset of decomposition temperatures of 304℃ at 5 wt % loss. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels of the BT-CMCN were -5.29 eV/-3.58 eV and the optical band gap was 1.72 eV. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels of BT-CMCN are higher than those of PC<sub>71</sub>BM. Therefore, the device fabrication employed BT-CMCN as the donor unit and PC71BM as the acceptor unit. The best performance based on BT-CMCN/PC71BM in inverted-type of organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibits the PCE of 0.69% with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 2.03 mA/㎠, Voc of 0.79 V, and fill factor (FF) of 42.7%.
( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김동근,진호철,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0
Polymer solar cells have several attractive features. The active materials used for fabrication devices in PSCs are soluble in most of common organic solvents, have potentials to be flexible and manufactured in a continuous printing process. In PSCs, conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) are generally used for introducing interfacial dipole, and many studies focus on the modulation of interfacial dipoles by altering the side chain through the delicate design to improve their functions. The interfacial dipole between photoactive layer and electrode play an important role in modification of work function and hole blocking ability. Herein, two CPEs, PHPT and PcoPT, which have different side chains and their salts were polymerized to compare the effect of conformation, and then fabricated for polymer solar cells (PSCs).
( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),진호철,이준호,정미진,손동환,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
A small molecule which has A1-D-A2-D-A1 type of structured consists of electron-deficient benzothiadiazole (BT) (A2) as the core, electronrich thiophene (D) and electron-deficient dicyanomethylene-4H- chromene (CMCN) (A1) moiety, BT-T-CMCN, was synthesized. BT-T- CMCN showed good thermal stability with the onset of decomposition temperatures of 304 °C at 5 wt % loss. The energy levels of the BT-T- CMCN were -5.29 eV/-3.58 eV with the optical band gap of 1.72 eV. The best performance based on BT-T-CMCN/PC71BM in inverted-type of organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibits the PCE of 0.69% with a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 2.03 mA/㎠, VOC of 0.79 V, and fill factor (FF) of 42.7%. Keywords: Organic solar cells, benzothiadiazole, dicyanomethylene-4Hchromene, 2,2'-(1H-indene-1,3(2H)-diylidene)dimalononitrile
Ratna Dewi Maduwu,진호철,김주현 한국고분자학회 2019 Macromolecular Research Vol.27 No.12
A series of non-fullerene small molecules (BT-T-IDC and BT-T-tB-IDC) with the architecture of A1-π-A2-π-A1 (acceptor 1-π-acceptor 2-π-acceptor 1), electron- deficient benzothiadiazole (BT) used as the core (A2), electron-rich thiophene used as the π-bridge (π), and electron-deficient dicyanovinylindandione (IDC) or tbutyl substituted IDC used as end groups (A1), have been synthesized. IDC groups are widely used as the acceptor unit due to the strong electron-withdrawing property that can lead to deep LUMO energy levels. Materials showed good thermal stability with the onset decomposition temperature (Td) upon 310 °C at 5 wt% loss. BT-T-tB-IDC showed better solubility in chloroform and chlorobenzene than that of BT-T-IDC due to t-butyl groups on the IDC. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels of BT-T-IDC and BT-T-tB-IDC were -5.60/-3.90 and -5.71/ -3.87 eV, respectively. Organic solar cell based on PBDBT-T (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis (5-(2-ethylhexyl) thiophen-2-yl)-benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b’] dithiophene))- alt-(5,5-(1’,3’-di-2-thienyl-5’,7’-bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzo[1’,2’-c:4’,5’-c’] dithiophene-4,8-dione))])) as the donor and BT-T-IDC as the acceptor showed low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.06% due to poor solubility. However, the PCE of the device based on BTT- tB-IDC showed a better PCE of 1.55%.
( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),진호철,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),이준호,정미진,손동환,김주현 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
Small molecule acceptor materials with A1-π-A2-π-A1 (acceptor1-π -acceptor2-π-acceptor1) type of structure based on benzothiadiazole (BT) (A2) as the conjugated backbone, electron-rich thiophene (D) as the π-bridge, and end-capped by dicyanovinylindandione (IDC) (A1) groups, which are (BT-T-IDC) and (BT-T-tB-IDC), have been synthesized. The materials showed good thermal stability with the onset decomposition temperature (Td) upon 310 °C at 5 wt % loss. BT-T-IDC material has a low solubility due to its high planarity structure. In order to increase the solubility of BT-T-IDC material, t-butyl was introduced into the material. As the result, the PCE of the device based on the material with t-butyl (BT-T-tB-IDC) (1.55%) was enhanced than that of the device based on BT-T-IDC with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.88 V, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 4.09 mA/㎠, and a fill factor (FF) of 43.0%.