Principles and Efficient Implementation of Charge Replacement in Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage Systems

Qing Xie,Younghyun Kim,Yanzhi Wang,Jaemin Kim,Naehyuck Chang,Pedram, Massoud IEEE 2014 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS - Vol.29 No.11

<P>Hybrid electrical energy storage systems (HEES) are comprised of multiple banks of inhomogeneous EES elements with difference characteristics. They have been proposed to achieve desired performance metrics of an ideal energy storage device, i.e., high energy capacity, high output power level, low self-discharge, low cost, and long service life. Implementation of appropriate charge management policies enables efficient storage and retrieval of the electrical energy, attaining performance metrics that are close to the respective best values across the constituent EES elements in the HEES system. This paper addresses a global charge replacement problem in HEES systems, namely, how to dynamically select a subset of the EES banks and discharge them to meet the load power demand in a prespecified amount of time. Precisely, the global charge replacement optimization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem, and a hierarchical algorithm is presented to efficiently solve this problem. At the top level the proposed algorithm considers the complete discharging process and allocates the load demand among all available EES banks, whereas at the bottom level it employs convex optimization methods to solve for discharging currents and the voltage level of a shared charger transfer interconnect. A prototype HEES system has been built to demonstrate the energy benefits brought by HEES systems and the efficacy of the proposed charge replacement algorithm.</P>

Charge Allocation in Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage Systems

Qing Xie,Yanzhi Wang,Younghyun Kim,Pedram, M.,Naehyuck Chang IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on computer-aided design of inte Vol.32 No.7

<P>A hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) system consists of multiple banks of heterogeneous electrical energy storage (EES) elements placed between a power source and some load devices and providing charge storage and retrieval functions. For an HEES system to perform its desired functions of 1) reducing electricity costs by storing electricity obtained from the power grid at off-peak times when its price is lower, for use at peak times instead of electricity that must be bought then at higher prices, and 2) alleviating problems, such as excessive power fluctuation and undependable power supply, which are associated with the use of large amounts of renewable energy on the grid, appropriate charge management policies must be developed in order to efficiently store and retrieve electrical energy while attaining performance metrics that are close to the respective best values across the constituent EES banks in the HEES system. This paper is the first to formally describe the global charge allocation problem in HEES systems, namely, distributing a specified level of incoming power to a subset of destination EES banks so that maximum charge allocation efficiency is achieved. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear program with the objective function set to the global charge allocation efficiency and the constraints capturing key requirements and features of the system such as the energy conservation law, power conversion losses in the chargers, the rate capacity, and self-discharge effects in the EES elements. A rigorous algorithm is provided to obtain near-optimal charge allocation efficiency under a daily charge allocation schedule. A photovoltaic array is used as an example of the power source for the charge allocation process and a heuristic is provided to predict the solar radiation level with a high accuracy. Simulation results using this photovoltaic cell array and a representative HEES system demonstrate up to 25% gain in the charge allocation efficiency by employing the proposed algorithm.</P>

MAGED4 Expression in Glioma and Upregulation in Glioma Cell Lines with 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine Treatment

Zhang, Qing-Mei,Shen, Ning,Xie, Sha,Bi, Shui-Qing,Luo, Bin,Lin, Yong-Da,Fu, Jun,Zhou, Su-Fang,Luo, Guo-Rong,Xie, Xiao-Xun,Xiao, Shao-Wen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.8

Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) family genes have been considered as potentially promising targets for anticancer immunotherapy. MAGED4 was originally identified as a glioma-specific antigen. Current knowledge about MAGED4 expression in glioma is only based on mRNA analysis and MAGED4 protein expression has not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated this point and found that MAGED4 mRNA and protein were absent or very lowly expressed in various normal tissues and glioma cell line SHG44, but overexpressed in glioma cell lines A172,U251,U87-MG as well as glioma tissues, with significant heterogeneity. Furthermore, MAGED4 protein expression was positively correlated with the glioma type and grade. We also found that the expression of MAGED4 inversely correlated with the overall methylation status of the MAGED4 promoter CpG island. Furthermore, when SHG44 and A172 with higher methylation were treated with the DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) reactivation of MAGED4 mRNA was mediated by significant demethylation in SHG44 instead of A172. However, 5-AZA-CdR treatment had no effect on MAGED4 protein in both SHG44 and A172 cells. In conclusion, MAGED4 is frequently and highly expressed in glioma and is partly regulated by DNA methylation. The results suggest that MAGED4 might be a promising target for glioma immunotherapy combined with 5-AZA-CdR to enhance its expression and eliminate intratumor heterogeneity.

Isomeric Folate-Conjugated Polymeric Micelles Bind to Folate Receptors and Display Anticancer Effects

Dong, Qing,Xie, Zuo-Xu,Xie, Cao,Lu, Wei-Yue,Zhang, Qian,Li, Xue,Liu, Min Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

The present study aimed to prepare and evaluate polymeric micelles conjugated with folic acid through ${\alpha}$- or ${\gamma}$-carboxyl groups for antitumor efficacy. The isomeric block copolymers, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-folate-polyethyleneglycol-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-Fol-PEG-DSPE), were produced by solid phase peptide synthesis. Three types of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded polymeric micelles (MPEG-DSPE-DOX and ${\alpha}$- / ${\gamma}$-Fol-PEG-DSPEDOX micelles) were prepared via the film formation method. Compared with MPEG-DSPE-DOX micelles, the ${\alpha}$- / ${\gamma}$-Fol-PEG-DSPE-DOX micelles presented a higher cellular uptake behavior in the live cell study. Cell viability percentages were 81.8%, 57.3%, 56.6% at 2 hours for MPEG-DSPE-DOX, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-Fol-PEG-DSPE-DOX micelles, respectively (p<0.05). Using the KB xenograft tumor model, both ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-folate-conjugated micelles were found to have better antitumor effects with lower toxicity in comparison with MPEG-DSPE-DOX micelles. No difference in in vivo antitumor efficacy was found between ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-Fol-PEG-DSPE-DOX micelles. The folate-conjugated micelles might be a potentially useful strategy for tumor targeting of therapeutic agents, whether grafting with folic acid through ${\alpha}$- or ${\gamma}$-carboxyl groups.

Optimization of thin shell structures subjected to thermal loading

Li, Qing,Steven, Grant P.,Querin, O.M.,Xie, Y.M. Techno-Press 1999 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.7 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to show how the Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) algorithm developed by Xie and Steven can be extended to optimal design problems of thin shells subjected to thermal loading. This extension simply incorporates an evolutionary iterative process of thermoelastic thin shell finite element analysis. During the evolution process, lowly stressed material is gradually eliminated from the structure. This paper presents a number of examples to demonstrate the capabilities of the ESO algorithm for solving topology optimization and thickness distribution problems of thermoelastic thin shells.

Pemetrexed is Mildly Active with Good Tolerability for Treatment of Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Zhang, Hui-Qing,Lian, Chang-Hong,Ping, Yao-Dong,Song, Wen-Bin,Lu, Qing-Pu,Xie, Shu-Zhe,Lin, Tao,Cheng, Lin-Zhong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

Purpose: This systematic analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed based salvage chemotherapy for treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed based regimens on response and safety for patients with colorectal cancer were identified using a predefined search strategy. Pooled response rates (RRs) were calculated. Results: For pemetrexed based regimens, 4 clinical studies including 201 patients with advanced colorectal cancer were considered eligible for inclusion. The analysis suggested that, in all patients, pooled RR was 20.4% (41/201). Major adverse effects were neutropenia, anorexia, fatigue, and anemia. No treatment related death occurred with pemetrexed based treatment. Conclusion: This systematic analysis suggests that pemetrexed based regimens are associated with mild activity with good tolerability in treating patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Molecular characterization of chicken infectious anaemia virus in Guangxi Province, southern China, from 2018 to 2020

Minxiu Zhang,Xianwen Deng,Zhixun Xie,Yanfang Zhang,Zhiqin Xie,Liji Xie,Sisi Luo,Qing Fan,Tingting Zeng,Jiaoling Huang,Sheng Wang 대한수의학회 2022 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.23 No.5

Background: Chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes chicken infectious anemia, which results in immunosuppression; the virus has spread widely in chicken flocks in China. Objectives: The aim of this study was to understand recent CAV genetic evolution in chicken flocks in Guangxi Province, southern China. Methods: In total, 350 liver samples were collected from eight commercial broiler chicken farms in Guangxi Province in southern China from 2018 to 2020. CAV was detected by conventional PCR, and twenty CAV complete genomes were amplified and used for the phylogenetic analysis and recombination analysis. Results: The overall CAV-positive rate was 17.1%. The genetic analysis revealed that 84 CAVs were distributed in groups A, B, C (subgroups C1-C3) and D. In total, 30 of 47 Chinese CAV sequences from 2005-2020 belong to subgroup C3, including 15 CAVs from this study. There were some specific mutation sites among the intergenotypes in the VP1 protein. The amino acids at position 394Q in the VP1 protein of 20 CAV strains were consistent with the characteristics of a highly pathogenic strain. GX1904B was a putative recombinant. Conclusions: Subgroup C3 was the dominant genotype in Guangxi Province from 2018–2020. The 20 CAV strains in this study might be virulent according to the amino acid residue analysis. These data help improve our understanding of the epidemiological trends of CAV in southern China.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Mediated Necrosis-Like Apoptosis of Hela Cells Induced by Ca(2+) Oscillation

Qing Liu Hu,Jun Lei Chang,Li Tao Tao,Guo Liang Yan,Ming Chao Xie,Zhao Wang 한국생활환경학회 2005 BMB Reports Vol.38 No.6

Comparison of Hybridization Behavior between Double and Single Strand of Targets and the Application of Asymmetric PCR Targets in cDNA Microarray

( Qing Wei ),( San Zhen Liu ),( Jian Feng Huang ),( Xue Ying Mao ),( Xiao Hui Chu ),( Yu Wang ),( Min Yan Qiu ),( Yu Min Mao ),( Yi Xie ),( Yao Li ) 생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.4

Double stranded targets on the cDNA microarray contain representatives of both the coding and noncoding strands, which will introduce hybridization competition with probes. Here, the effect of double and single strands of targets on the signal intensity and the ratios of Cy5/Cy3 within the same slide were compared. The results show that single stranded targets can increase the hybridization efficiency without changing the Cy5/Cy3 ratio. Based on these results, a new strategy was established by generating cDNA targets with asymmetric PCR, instead of conventional PCR, to increase the sensitivity of the cDNA microarray. Furthermore, the feasibility of this approach was validated. The results indicate that the cDNA microarray system based on asymmetric PCR is more sensitive, with no decrease in the reliability and reproducibility as compared with that based on conventional symmetric PCR.

Robust Spectrum Sensing for Blind Multiband Detection in Cognitive Radio Systems: A Gerschgorin Likelihood Approach

( Haobo Qing ),( Yuanan Liu ),( Gang Xie ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.5

Energy detection is a widely used method for spectrum sensing in cognitive radios due to its simplicity and accuracy. However, it is severely affected by the noise uncertainty. To solve this problem, a blind multiband spectrum sensing scheme which is robust to noise uncertainty is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme performs spectrum sensing over the total frequency channels simultaneously rather than a single channel each time. To improve the detection performance, the proposal jointly utilizes the likelihood function combined with Gerschgorin radii of unitary transformed covariance matrix. Unlike the conventional sensing methods, our scheme does not need any prior knowledge of noise power or PU signals, and thus is suitable for blind spectrum sensing. In addition, no subjective decision threshold setting is required in our scheme, making it robust to noise uncertainty. Finally, numerical results based on the probability of detection and false alarm versus SNR or the number of samples are presented to validate the performance of the proposed scheme.