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Lee, Ho-Jin,Lee, Jaewoo,Park, Yeon wook,Gil, Ho Young,Choi, Eunjoo,Nahm, Francis Sahngun,Lee, Pyung Bok The Korean Pain Society 2019 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.32 No.3
Background: Hypertonic saline (HS) injections for decompressive neuroplasty (DN) can cause pain. We assessed whether a continuous infusion of HS through an infusion pump would reduce injection-related pain compared with repeated bolus administrations. Methods: Fifty patients scheduled for DN were randomized to either the bolus injection or the continuous infusion group. After appropriately placing the epidural catheter, 4 mL of 5% NaCl was injected as four boluses of 1 mL each at 15-minute intervals or infused over 1 hour using an infusion pump. The severity of pain induced by HS injection, as measured by the 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS), was the primary outcome. The severity of low back or lower extremity pain, as measured by the 11-point NRS and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 3 months following the procedure, was the secondary outcome. Results: Data from 21 patients in the bolus group and 23 in the continuous infusion group were analyzed. No statistically significant difference in injection-related pain was identified between the two groups during the initial HS administration (P = 0.846). However, there was a statistically significant reduction in injection-related pain in the continuous infusion group compared to the bolus injection group from the second assessment onwards (P = 0.001, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). No significant between-group differences in the NRS and ODI scores 3 months post-procedure were noted (P = 0.614 and 0.949, respectively). Conclusions: Our study suggests that administering HS through a continuous infusion is a useful modality for reducing HS injection-related pain during DN.
The Neurological Safety of Epidural Pamidronate in Rats
Lee, Pyung-Bok,Kim, Yong-Chul,Lee, Chul-Joong,Shin, Hye-Young,Lee, Seung-Yun,Park, Jong-Cook,Choi, Yun-Suk,Kim, Chong-Soo,Park, Sang-Hyun The Korean Pain Society 2010 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.23 No.2
Background: Pamidronate is a potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Recently, the drug has been known to relieve bone pain. We hypothesized that direct epidural administration of pamidronate could have various advantages over oral administration with respect to dosage, side effects, and efficacy. Therefore, we evaluated the neuronal safety of epidurally-administered pamidronate. Methods: Twenty-seven rats weighing 250-350 g were equally divided into 3 groups. Each group received an epidural administration with either 0.3 ml (3.75 mg) of pamidronate (group P), 0.3 ml of 40% alcohol (group A), or 0.3 ml of normal saline (group N). A Pinch-toe test, motor function evaluation, and histopathologic examination of the spinal cord to detect conditions such as chromatolysis, meningeal inflammation, and neuritis, were performed on the 2nd, 7th, and 21st day following administration of each drug. Results: All rats in group A showed an abnormal response to the pinch-toe test and decreased motor function during the entire evaluation period. Abnormal histopathologic findings, including neuritis and meningeal inflammation were observed only in group A rats. Rats in group P, with the exception of 1, and group N showed no significant sensory/motor dysfunction over a 3-week observation period. No histopathologic changes were observed in groups P and N. Conclusions: Direct epidural injection of pamidronate (about 12.5 mg/kg) showed no neurotoxic evidence in terms of sensory/motor function evaluation and histopathologic examination.
연구단보 : 건조 및 저장조건에 따른 쌀 저장단백질의 변화양상
신평균 ( Pyung Gyun Shin ),장안철 ( An Cheol Chang ),홍성창 ( Seong Chang Hong ),이기상 ( Ki Sang Lee ),이금희 ( Keum Hee Lee ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2008 한국환경농학회지 Vol.27 No.4
Quality of rice grain changes during dry storage with internal physiological changes and external injury by organism. Storage rice changes by condition with respiration via variable temperature, hydrolysis enzyme reaction, lipid peroxidation occurs with change of palatability. During dry storage, physiological change with protein variation pattern was examined by image analysis on proteomic technology. Analysis revealed that protein activity had no change store at room temperature and store at 40℃, but decreased store at 60℃. Analysis of variable hydrophobic protein pattern revealed that protein activity of beta-tubulin, protein disulfide isomerase, vacuolar ATPase b subunit, globulin was not significantly decreased all dry and store condition. However, heat shock protein 70, and glutathione transferase was significantly decreased when rice dried at 60℃ compared with room temperature and 40℃ dry condition.
Ho-Jin Lee,Jaewoo Lee,Yeon wook Park,Ho Young Gil,Eunjoo Choi,Francis Sahngun Nahm,Pyung Bok Lee 대한통증학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.32 No.3
Background: Hypertonic saline (HS) injections for decompressive neuroplasty (DN) can cause pain. We as-sessed whether a continuous infusion of HS through an infusion pump would reduce injection-related pain compared with repeated bolus administrations. Methods: Fifty patients scheduled for DN were randomized to either the bolus injection or the continuous infusion group. After appropriately placing the epidural catheter, 4 mL of 5% NaCl was injected as four boluses of 1 mL each at 15-minute intervals or infused over 1 hour using an infusion pump. The severity of pain induced by HS injection, as measured by the 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS), was the primary outcome. The severity of low back or lower extremity pain, as measured by the 11-point NRS and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 3 months following the procedure, was the secondary outcome.Results: Data from 21 patients in the bolus group and 23 in the continuous infusion group were analyzed. No statistically significant difference in injection-related pain was identified between the two groups during the initial HS administration (P = 0.846). However, there was a statistically significant reduction in in-jection-related pain in the continuous infusion group compared to the bolus injection group from the second assessment onwards (P = 0.001, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). No significant between-group differences in the NRS and ODI scores 3 months post-procedure were noted (P = 0.614 and 0.949, respectively).Conclusions: Our study suggests that administering HS through a continuous infusion is a useful modality for reducing HS injection-related pain during DN.
연구보문 : 식물환경 ; 신간척지에서 토양 염농도가 청보리 생육, 수량 및 양분 흡수에 미치는 영향
이상복 ( Sang Bok Lee ),조광민 ( Kwang Min Cho ),신평 ( Pyung Shin ),양창휴 ( Chang Hyu Yang ),백남현 ( Nam Hyun Back ),이경보 ( Kyeong Bo Lee ),백승화 ( Seung Hwa Baek ),정덕영 ( Doug Young Chung ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.4
신간척지에서 청보리의 안정재배를 위한 토양 염농도를 제시하기 위하여 새로 조성된 새만금간척지에서 토양염농도 (EC) 0.8, 3.1, 6.5, 11.0 dS/m에 해당하는 지점을 선정하고, 화학비료로 N-P2O5-K2O=150-100-100 kg/ha를 시용한 후 2011년 10월 26일에 영양보리를 220kg/ha 파종하였다. 재 배기간중 토양 염농도는 수확기>출수기>파종기>월동기 순으로 파종기에 비해 수확기에 1.4∼4.2배 상승하였다. 염농도가 높을수록 발근에 지장을 초래하여 지상부 생육도 저조하였고 특히 EC 11.0 ds/m에서 출현은 하였으나 겨울철이 지난 후 고사하였다. 수량은 토양염농도 0.8 dS/m(8.8 MT/ha)에 비해 3.1 dS/m과 6.5 dS/m에서 각각 68 %, 35 % 수준이 었다. Proline함량은 생육초기가 수확기보다, 그리고 염농도 가 높을수록 많았다. 수확기의 Na2O와 MgO 함량은 염농도 가 높을수록 많았고 N, P2O5, K2O 및 CaO 함량은 염농도가 높을수록 적었다. 따라서 토양 염농도가 3.1 dS/m이상으로 높아짐에 따라 청보리의 지하부와 지상부에 심각한 생육저해로 양분의 불균형 흡수를 초래하여 수량이 저조하기 때문에 안정한 청보리 생산을 위해서는 지하 배수시설 또는 관개수를 이용하여 3.1 dS/m이하로 염농도를 떨어뜨린 후 재배하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. BACKGROUND: Newly reclaimed land has poor soil environment for crop growth since it is high in salt concentration but low in organic content compared with ordinary soil. It is known that whole-crop-barley can grow better in the soil of relatively high salt concentration than other crops but, the growth is poor at the concentration if higher than certain amount and it is a difficulty to secure productivity. Hence, the level of soil salt concentration suitable for the production of bulky feed in newly reclaimed land has been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: At Saemanguem reclaimed land, the land for the soil salt concentration electrical conductivity (EC) 0.8, 3.1, 6.5, 11.0 dS/m was selected; and chemical fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O (150-100-100kg/ha) was tested; and forage barley 220kg/ha were sown. The soil salt concentration during the cultivation period decreased in the order of harvest season>earing season>sowing season>wintering season, and the salt concentration in harvest season is 1.4-4.2 times higher than that of the sowing season. The higher the salt concentration, the poorer the over ground growth due to poor rooting; especially at EC 11.0 ds/m there was emergence but, it blighted after wintering. The Yield from the soil salt concentration 3.1dS/m and 6.5 dS/m was 68% and 35% from that of the soil salt concentration 0.8 dS/m (8.8 MT/ha) respectively. The proline content in early life stage was more than that of the harvest season, and it increased with salt concentration. The higher salt concentration, the more Na2O and MgO content in harvest season; but the higher the salt concentration, the less the content of N, P2O5, K2O and CaO. CONCLUSION(S): When the soil salt concentration becomes higher than 3.1 dS/m, the yield becomes poor because there is serious growth inhibition of forage barley both in root part and above aerial part that results in unbalanced absorption of nutrients. Therefore, it is recommended that the salt concentration should be lowered below 3.1 dS/m by underground drainage facilities or irrigating water for the stable production of whole-crop-barley.
연구보문 : 토양환경 ; 돈분뇨 시용 후 담수시기가 암모니아 휘산에 미치는 영향
이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ),이연 ( Youn Lee ),신평균 ( Pyung Gyun Shin ),윤홍배 ( Hong Bae Yun ) 한국환경농학회 2011 한국환경농학회지 Vol.30 No.4
BACKGROUND: Ammonia emissions from field-applied livestock manure are considered a threat to the environment worldwide. In Korea, a large amount of liquid manure was applied in the rice field before rice transplanting in order to reduce chemical fertilizer use. This study was conducted to provide the optimal flooding time after liquid manure application in an attempt to minimize ammonia emission. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ammonia emission from paddy field applied with liquid pig manure following different flooding time was measured using the dynamic chamber method. The five treatments used were : application of liquid pig manure to paddy field in flooding condition (F0T); one day (F1T) and three days (F3T) after flooding; without flooding (NF), and flooding without the application of liquid pig manure (control). Among the treatment, the highest ammonia emission was observed in F0T. The cumulative ammonia emission of F1T and F3T for 12 days were very similar and were about 4.7 times less than that of the F0T treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Ammonia emission in paddy field could be significantly reduced by liquid pig manure application after flooding rather than application of liquid pig manure in flooding condition. Therefore, flooding after liquid pig manure application would provide much more nitrogen for rice growth due to the reduction of ammonia emission.