Activity Guided Isolation of Antioxidant Tannoid Principles from Anogeissus latifolia

Raghavan Govindarajan1*,Madhavan Vijayakumar1,,Annie Shirwaikar2,,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat1,,Shanta Mehrotra1,,Palpu Pushpangadan1 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.3

Oxidative stress is an important causative factor in several human chronic diseases, such asatherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, mutagenesis, cancer, several neurodegenerative disorders, and the agingprocess. Phenolics and tannins are reported to be good antioxidants. Anogeissus latifolia (Combretaceae) bark hasnot available till date. Hence the present study was undertaken to isolate antioxidant compounds by activity-guided isolation. Inhibtion of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPH) and Xanthine oxidase along with photoc-hemiluminescence assay were used as bioassay for antioxidant activity. Activity guided isolation was carried outusing silica column and the compounds were quantified using HPLC. Ethyl acetate and butanol fraction exhibitedpotent antioxidant activity. Bioassay-guided isolation led to isolation of ellagic acid (1) and dimethyl ellagic acid(2these three major tannoid principles present in A. latifolia, are responsible for the antioxidant potential andpossibly their therapeutic potential.

Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Roots of Pygmaeopremna herbacea (Roxb.) Mold.

Subha Rastogi,Madan Mohan Pandey,Kaushal Kumar,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Palpu Pushpangadan 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.2

Pygmaeopremna herbacea (Roxb.) Mold. (Verbenaceae) is a small herb or sometimes an undershrub arising from a perennial rootstock. The dry roots are dark muddy brown in colour having root nodules. Itsextensively developed roots are widely used in tribal medicine. They are used as an aphrodisiac and for thetreatment of gout, rheumatism and ulcers. This study deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of thedried roots and root nodules of P. herbacea which includes macro and microscopic studies, determination ofphysicochemical parameters and chemoprofiling of the extract using HPTLC fingerprint profiles. It was observedthat the roots consist of a well developed cortical region consisting of tangentially elongated thin walledparenchymatous. The HPTLC fingerprint profile of the methanolic extract showed the presence of seven majorbands. Such an analysis may thus be utilized in identifying P. herbacea and in differenciating it from other specieswhich are similar to it or are used as its adultrants/substitutes under the same vernacular name of Bharangi.

Pharmacognostic Evaluation of the Root of Berberis aristata DC.

Sharad Kumar Srivastava,Sayyada Khatoon,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Shanta Mehrotra,Palpu Pushpangadan 한국생약학회 2001 Natural Product Sciences Vol.7 No.4

Berberis aristata (family Berberidaceae), known as `Daruharidra` in Ayurvedic system of medicine, is an important medicinal plant used extensively for treating a variety of ailments in various systems of indigenous medicine. Being an important medicinal plant it is being adulterated and in the absence of any pharmacognostic information it is very difficult to check the adulteration. The present study was therefore, carried out to provide the requisite pharmacognostic details. Morphological, anatomical and phytochemical aspects of B. aristata were carried out. Diagnostic features of B. aristata root were identified and characterized from the above investigations and presented in the present communication. Some of the diagnostic features of the root drug noted from the anatomical study are patches of pericyclic fibre, pitted sclerieds, berberine containing cells and heterocyclic medullary rays. HPTLC analysis showed three distinct bands of which berberine was identified as the major constituents. The R_f value of other bands was also calculated.

Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Curcuma aeurigenosa Roxb.

Sharad Srivastava,Nitin Chitranshi,Sanjay Srivastava,Mathew Dan,AKS Rawat,Palpu Pushpangadan 한국생약학회 2006 Natural Product Sciences Vol.12 No.3

aeruginosa Roxb. (FamilyZingeberaceae), comonly known as “pink and blue ginger” iscultivated in southern India. The plant is distinguished by red corolla lobes and ferruginous or greenish-bluerhizome. Rhizoma is used medicinally as anti-diarrheal, anti-fungal; external use as astringent for wounds. Adetailed pharmacognostic evaluation of its rhizome showed total ash 6.1%, acid insoluble ash 1.20%, alcoholsoluble extractives 3.70%, water soluble extractives 14.50%, sugar 20.93%, starch 41.85%, and tannins 0.68%.On hydro distillation, the rhizomes and sesile tubers yielded 0.17% oil.KeywordsCurcuma aueriginosa, rhizome, pharmacognosy, standardization

Free Radical Scavenging and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition Potential of Hygrophila auriculata

Madhavan Vijayakumar,Raghavan Govindarajan,Arun Shirwaikar,Vivek Kumar,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Shanta Mehrotra,Palpu Pushpangadan 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.1

Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum.) Heine is a wild herb comonly found in moist places on thebanks of tanks, ditches and paddy fields throughout India and is one of the main sources of Ayurvedic ?Rasayanadrug. The free radical scavenging potential of 50% aqueous alcoholic extract of H. auriculata (HAEt) was studiedfor DPPH scavenging activity, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and ferryl bipyridyl complex scavenging activity(TBARS) in rat liver homogenate. Integral antioxidative capacity was determined by photochemiluminescence assay.HAEt showed good radical scavenging activity at various concentrations (200-1000 g/ml) against 1,1 diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (32.32-77.02%) with moderate scavenging activity against Nitric oxide (12.46-52.84%),hydroxyl radical (11.69-55.26%), ferryl bipyridyl complex (17.66-58.67%) and lipid peroxidation (0.829-0.416nmoles/mg protein). The above results indicate HAEt varied therapeutic activities claimed for the plant in the Indian indigenous systems of medicine may be in part dueto the free radical scavenging and/ or potent antioxidant activity.Keywords Hygrophila auriculata, free radical scavenging, Lipid peroxidation, Photochemiluminescence assay

Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.

Adarsh Kumar Agnihotri,Sayyada Khatoon,Manisha Agarwal,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Shanta Mehrotra,Palpu Pushpangadan 한국생약학회 2004 Natural Product Sciences Vol.10 No.4

In India, Gymnema sylvestre due to the unique property of the plant to antagonize the sweet taste is known as ‘Gur-mar’. It has several ethnomedicinal values as various tribals/traditional communities and rural peoples of India find diverse medicinal uses viz. antidiabetic, stomachic, diuretic, and is useful in cough and throat troubles. Besides, it has strong effect on reducing blood sugar. The present communication deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the aerial parts of G. sylvestre collected from three places of the country- Varanasi (U.P), Panchmarhi (M.P), Salem (Tami Nadu) and commercial sample procured from local market. The botanical and physico-chemical parameters of all the samples were quite similar though little variations were observed in foaming index, alcohol and water soluble extractives of local sample. The microscopic characteristics of the drug are horse shoe shaped petiole with 3 amphicribal vascular bundles, sieve tubes well developed; anomocytic stomata only on the abaxial surface of the leaf, the fan shapedamphicribal vascular bundle, presence of intraxylary phloem. The TLC fingerprint profile of all the samples was more or less similar only the quantity of some of the compounds varied.

Action of Asparagus racemosus Against Streptozotocin-Induced Oxidative Stress

Raghavan Govindrajan,Madhavan Vijaykumar,Chandana Venkateshwara Rao,Vivek Kumar,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Palpu Pushpangadan 한국생약학회 2004 Natural Product Sciences Vol.10 No.4

Antidiabetic treatment with tubers of Asparagus racemosus (Liliaceae) extract (100 and 250 mg/kg body weight) for three weeks showed significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione reductase (GSH-R) in both liver and kidney. The treatment with A. racemosus significantly altered the glutathione (GSH) and GSH-R to be comparable with the control group. A. racemosus and glibenclamide treated rats showed decreased lipid peroxidation that is associated with increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT). The ability of A. racemosus on tissue lipid per oxidation and antioxidant status in diabetic animals has not been studied before. The result of this study thus shows that though, A. racemosus possesses moderate antidiabetic activity, but it exhibits potent antioxidant potential in diabetic conditions.