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Lead Induced Organic Acid Exudation and Citrate Enhanced Pb Uptake in Hydroponic System
Kwon Rae Kim,Gary Owens,Ravi Naidu,Soon Ik Kwon,Kye Hoon Kim 한국환경농학회 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.2
The influence of Pb-citrate complex formation on Pb uptake and the effect of Pb on organic acid exudation were investigated using four plant species, viz., sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), canola (Brassica napus) and vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) under hydroponic conditions. Seedlings were exposed to different levels of Pb and Pb-citrate for 24 hrs and subsequently Pb distributions in plant shoot, root and hydroponic solution were measured. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration generally decreased as the concentration of Pb in the hydroponic solution increased. In contrast to DOC, the total organic acid concentrations exuded from Indian mustard roots significantly increased (424 to 6656 mg kg-1) with increased Pb treatment, implying that exuding organic acids were involved in Pb accumulation in Indian mustard. The complexation of Pb with citrate enhanced Pb accumulation in the above ground portions. Lead concentration in Indian mustard increased from 2.05 mg kg-1 to 6.42 mg kg-1 when the concentration of citrate in solution increased from 0 to 50 mg L-1. This result showed enhanced translocation of Pb from root to shoot with observation of transfer coefficient (Kt) increase from 2.03E-3 to 5.72E-3.
Lead Induced Organic Acid Exudation and Citrate Enhanced Pb Uptake in Hydroponic System
Kim, Kwon-Rae,Owens, Gary,Naidu, Ravi,Kwon, Soon-Ik,Kim, Kye-Hoon The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.2
The influence of Pb-citrate complex formation on Pb uptake and the effect of Pb on organic acid exudation were investigated using four plant species, viz., sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), canola (Brassica napus) and vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) under hydroponic conditions. Seedlings were exposed to different levels of Pb and Pb-citrate for 24 hrs and subsequently Pb distributions in plant shoot, root and hydroponic solution were measured. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration generally decreased as the concentration of Pb in the hydroponic solution increased. In contrast to DOC, the total organic acid concentrations exuded from Indian mustard roots significantly increased (424 to 6656 mg $kg^{-1}$) with increased Pb treatment, implying that exuding organic acids were involved in Pb accumulation in Indian mustard. The complexation of Pb with citrate enhanced Pb accumulation in the above ground portions. Lead concentration in Indian mustard increased from 2.05 mg $kg^{-1}$ to 6.42 mg $kg^{-1}$ when the concentration of citrate in solution increased from 0 to 50 mg $L^{-1}$. This result showed enhanced translocation of Pb from root to shoot with observation of transfer coefficient ($K_t$) increase from 2.03E-3 to 5.72E-3.
Kwon-Rae Kim,Gary Owens,Ravi Naidu,Kye-Hoon Kim 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.41 No.1
A detailed understanding and appreciation of the important mechanisms operating at the soil:root interface, commonly identified as the rhizosphere, is critical for evaluating the potential for particular plant species to be successfully used as part of a phytoremediation technique. For specific plants, mechanisms may exist to overcome the inherit limitation of the phytoremediation technique when poorly mobile soil metals are of interest. In the present study, the influence of root exudates on the rhizosphere chemistry of soil and consequential metal uptake were investigated following culture of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides), recognized as a promising plant for land stabilization, in three different long-term contaminated soils and one non-contaminated control soil. The soil solution pH increased (0.3-1.1 units) following vetiver grass culture and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) also significantly increased in all soils with the highest increase in PP02 (23 to 173 mg L-1). Chemical changes are contributed to root exudation by vetiver grass when exposed to high concentration of heavy metals. Chemical changes, consequently, influenced metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) solubility and speciation in the rhizosphere. The highest solubility was observed for soil Ko01 (eg. 2091 and 318 μg L-1 for Cd and Pb, respectively). Initial heavy metal solubility in soils varied with soil and either increased or decreased following vetiver grass culture depending on the soil type. An increase in pH following plant culture generally resulted in a decrease in metal solubility, while elevated DOC due to root exudation resulted in an increase in metal solubility via the formation of metal-DOC complexes. Donnan speciation demonstrated a significant decrease in free Cd and Zn in the rhizosphere and the concentration of Cd, Pb, and Zn in vetiver grass shoot was highly correlated with soluble concentration rather than total soil metal concentration.
공공기관의 고성과 인적자원관리 시스템이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향
정원춘 ( Owen-chun Jeoung ),최호규 ( Ho-gyu Choi ),이양원 ( Yang-won Lee ),진영권 ( Young-kwon Jin ) 공주대학교 KNU 기업경영연구소 2019 기업경영리뷰 Vol.10 No.1
본 연구의 목적은 공공기관에서의 고성과 인적자원관리 시스템이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 파악함으로써 공공기관 운영의 관리적 차원에서 전략적 대안을 제시하고자 하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 고성과 인적자원관리 시스템을 능력개발(교육훈련), 동기부여(보상, 내부이동성), 참여기회 등의 3가지 영역으로 구분하였으며, 조직몰입에 대한 문헌고찰을 통하여 변수들 간의 관계를 가설로 설정하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 고성과 인적자원관리 시스템의 교육훈련, 보상, 내부이동성, 참여 등이 직무몰입에 통계적으로 유의한 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 직급에 따라서 이러한 영향관계의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 공공기관에서 제공하는 다양한 교육훈련 프로그램과 직무수행을 위한 정형화된 교육훈련, 승진기회를 위한 교육훈련 등이 잘 이루어질수록 조직 구성원의 조직몰입 수준을 향상시킬 수 있음을 의미하는 것으로서 공공기관의 교육훈련의 중요성을 대변한다고 할 수 있다. 또한 공공기관에서는 조직 구성원의 특성을 파악하여 업무를 수행함에 있어 적절한 권한위임이 이루어지고 조직 내 수평적 커뮤니케이션을 활성화될 수 있도록 하여야 하며, 공정하고 투명한 평가 및 보상체계가 실행되어야 할 것이다. 그러므로 직무에 적합한 교육훈련 개발 및 운영 관리와 경력개발을 통한 승진기회 확대를 통하여 조직구성원의 조직몰입을 향상시킴으로써 궁극적으로 공공기관의 효율적인 성과관리가 가능해질 것이다. The purpose of this study is to present a strategic alternative at the administrative level of public agency operations by identifying the high-altitude and the impact of human resource management systems on the intakes of organizations. To achieve the purpose of this study, the high-altitude and human resources management system were divided into three areas: ability development (education training), motivation (compensation, internal mobility), and participation opportunities, and the relationship between variables was established and analyzed through the literature review of the organizational immersion. As a result, education, training, compensation, internal mobility, and participation in human resource management systems have a statistically significant positive effect on job immersion. It was also shown that there were differences in these influence relationships depending on the position. These results represent the importance of education and training in public institutions as well as the various education and training programs provided by public institutions, standardized education training for job performance, and education and training for promotion opportunities can improve the level of organizational immersion of members. In addition, public institutions should identify the characteristics of the members of the organization so that appropriate authority can be granted in performing their tasks and horizontal communication within the organization can be activated, and a fair and transparent evaluation and compensation system should be implemented. Therefore, efficient performance management of public institutions will be possible by improving organizational immersion of organizational members through the development of education, training, operation, and promotion opportunities through career development.
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis: A Single-Center Experience
( Kyung Deuk Hong ),( Owen Kwon ),( Jang Hee Cho ),( Mi Kyung Jin ),( Ji Young Choi ),( Se Hee Yoon ),( Chan Duck Kim ),( Yong Lim Kim ),( Sun Hee Park ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
Background: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a serious and often fatal complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) with severe malnutrition and poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical features of EPS in patients on PD. Methods: The data were collected retrospectively from 603 prevalent PD patients in the Kyungpook National University Hospital between August 2001 and July 2011. EPS was diagnosed by the 2000 criteria of the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis. Results: Eight patients (1.3%) met the diagnostic criteria of EPS. They had at least one of three symptoms: abdominal pain, vomiting and abdominal distension. Mean age of patients was 48.5 (range: 33 to 65) years and 4 were men. Mean duration on PD was 111.7 (range: 23 to 186) months. Seven patients had chronic glomerulonephritis as underlying renal disease, and one patient hypertensive nephrosclerosis. All patients except one had 2 or more episodes of peritonitis, the peritonitis rate being 1/33.7 patient-months in the 8 EPS patients. Six patients were treated with icodextrin solution. Four patients were treated with beta-blocker (cavedilol, 25-50 mg daily). Total parenteral nutrition was used in all patients. Only one patient had elective surgical intervention, adhesiolysis. Four patients were treated with glucocorticoid (0.5~1 mg/kg/day), three with tamoxifen (10-20 mg daily) and three with both. Of the 8 patients diagnosed with EPS, 6 survived and 2 died, an overall mortality rate being 25%. Conclusion: EPS is rare but a serious life threatening complication in patients on long-term PD. To reduce the incidence and mortality of EPS, careful monitoring and intensive therapy may be needed. Keywords: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, Peritonitis, Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.