시적 노인, 번역된 노년과 낭만적 노화-tvN 미니시리즈 <디어 마이 프렌즈>를 중심으로-

박노현 ( Park Noh-hyun ) 한국문학언어학회(구 경북어문학회) 2017 어문론총 Vol.72 No.-

<디어 마이 프렌즈>는 고령사회를 목전에 둔 한국/현대/사회의 노인들을 호출한다. 60대에서 80대에 이르는 동문 노인들의 미시적 일상은 자연스레 시청자의 개인사/가족사와 연동되어 공감대를 형성시킨다. 드라마는 지금/여기의 `그들`과 언젠가 도래할 그때/거기의 `우리`가 겪는/겪을 노쇠의 먹먹한 재현을 통해 그들의 동의와 우리의 이해를 동시에 도모한다. 특히 노인이라는 집합에서 여성/노인과 남성/노인의 젠더적 분리를 통해 한국사회의 가부장제에 오래도록 흡착되어 있는 차별과 혐오를 짚어낸 점은 높이 살만하다. 하지만 드라마는 젊음과 늙음, 빈곤과 풍요 등의 차이가 빚어내는 차별과 혐오에 대해서는 침묵으로 일관하고 말았다. 그것은 마치 노인에 대한 `친애`의 전제 조건으로 탈정치화와 탈역사화를 요구하는 듯했다. 이는 드라마를 비노인이 욕망하는 이상적 노인 동화에 머물게 하고 말았다. <디어 마이 프렌즈>는 시니어에 대한 주니어의 번역이다. 즉, 드라마의 노인들은 번역된다. 드라마는 극중 화자인 박완이 자전적 소설 『디어 마이 프렌즈』의 집필 과정을 기록한 의사 다큐멘터리적 성격을 띤다. 이러한 화자, 즉 (젊은) 번역자의 존재는 현실의 노인에 대한 적잖은 굴절과 훼손을 가져왔다. 계몽적 번역의 과정에서 사회적 존재로서 현금의 `노인들`에 내포된 정치적·역사적 공과와 미추는 과감히 도외시한 채 개인적 존재로서의 `노인`만을 부각시켰기 때문이다. 이로써 한국/현대/사회의 노인을 둘러싼 변증법적 공감과 위로는 이루어질 수 없었다. 드라마는 현실의 노인을 온전히 묘파하지 못한 채 이상적 노화의 아비투스를 내면화함으로써 반쪽짜리 공감과 위로에 그치고 말았기 때문이다. 현실과 유리/괴리된 극적 환영으로서의 노인은 결국 지금의 `그들`과 언젠가 도래할 `우리`가 욕망하고픈 `시적 노인`으로 오역되고 말았다. < Dear My Friends > calls out the Korean, contemporary and society`s elderly citizens who are facing the aged society. The microscopic daily routines of the elderly in their 60s to 80s naturally gets associated with the personal histories of the viewers, forming a bond of sympathy in between. Through `them` at now/here and emotional appearances by the elderly citizens that `we` are experiencing and will experience at then/there create their consent and our understanding at the same time. Especially within the elderly community, pointing out the discrimination and hatred that have been adhered to Korean society`s patriarchy for a long time through gender separation of female and male elderly citizens is highly regarded. However, the drama consistently remained silent with discrimination and hatred created by the discrepancies between youth and aging, poverty and prosperity, etc. It seemed to demand depoliticization and dehistoricization as preconditions of `Dear` for the elderly. This made the drama to stay in the ideal elderly fairy tale that nonelderly people desire. < Dear My Friends > is a junior`s translation on seniors. Thus, the elderly characters in the drama are translated. The drama takes on the character of pseudo-documentary that recorded the writing process of the drama`s narrator, Wan Park`s autobiographical novel of "Dear My Friends". The presence of such narrator, or a (young) translator, has resulted in considerable refraction and degradation of the elderly. In the process of enlightened translation, the political and historical merits/demerits, and beauty/ugliness inherent in the on-the-spot `elderly` as a social entity are boldly neglected while only an individual entity of `elderly` was emphasized. As a result, dialectical sympathy and consolation surrounding the Korean, contemporary and society`s elderly could not be achieved. The drama did not fully reveal the reality of the elderly but internalized the ideal habitus; it ended only with half-hearted sympathy and consolation. With a dramatic illusion of an isolated and estranged reality, the elderly has been distorted as a `poetic elderly`, which `we` desire to become `them` someday eventually.

수복용복합레진의 표면처리방법에 따른 표면중합률 및 변색정도의 변화와 그 상관관계에 대한 연구

박성호,김모란,노병덕,안현정 대한치과보존학회 2000 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of the present study was first, to evaluate the relationship between composite surface conversion and surface discoloration, second. to know if there was difference in surface discoloration between celluloid-strip-finished composite surface and polished surface. In addition, the discoloration of composite surface was also evaluated with visual inspection or digital camera with high resolution monitor. Z-100 Tetric Ceram. Spectrum. and Aelitiril were used. The composite surfaces were celluloid-strip finished (group1) , polished (group 2) . celluloid- strip finished under nitrogen gas purging (group 3) or only light cured without finishing or polishing under nitrogen gas purging (group 4) . The microhardness of each samples were also measured in each group, The samples of each group were also divided into 4 subgroup whether they were immediately placed in disclosing solution (0.2% Erythrosin, pH 7.0) (subgroup1 ) . l day after light curing(subgroup 2 ) .3day after light rulings (subgroup3) or 7 day after light curing(subgroup4). The computer controlled spectrophotometer was used to determine CIELAB coordinates (L*, a * , b*) The amounts of color difference were compared. The results were as follows: 1.There was no difference in discoloration between celluloid strip finished composite surface and polished surface 2.The samples discolored more when they were placed in disclosing solution immediately after polymerization than other groups. 3.When the samples were light cured under nitrogen gas purging and without polishing process. they discolored more than other groups even through they showed higher microhardness. 4.With visual inspection or digital camera. only a limited information was available in detecting composite surface discolation

Rat의 복강에 삽입한 Fluorouracil-Polyglycolic acid 제형의 Fluorouracil 용출에 관한 연구

노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,최정목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

A common form of relapse in adenocarcinoma of the stomach is intraperitoneal dissemination, in fact, among gastric adenocarcinoma patients who have undergone surgery intended to cure, approximately 50% of the patients develope initial recurrence in the peritoneal cavity regardless of the anatomic site of the primary tumor within the stomach. The efficacy of systemic postoperative chemotherapy to prevent peritoneal recurrence of gastrric adcnocarcinoma is not satisfactory. There is still a great need for improved therapeutic strategies on the disseminated microscopic disease and small miliary nodules remaining on the peritoneal surface or lymphatics after operation. The authers have made fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(Fu-PGA disks) with fluorouracil and biodegradable polymer: polyglycolic acid for more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy. We inserted the Fu-PGA disk(s) in the peritoneal cavity of rat and pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, plasma, liver, kidney and heart tissue at 24 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour after insertion of Fu-PGA disk(s). Myelosuppressive action of this composite also was determined following its administration. The data of this study suggested that Fu-PGA composite will be a new device releasing drugs in a controlled manner and having targetability to peritoneum, and this device will be improving the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma.

복합레진 색상의 측정 기기에 따른 차이

박수정,노은영,조현구,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.3

본 연구에서는 동일한 수광 방식을 사용하는 2종의 이동형과 고정형 spectrophotometer인 MiniScan XE plus (Model 4000S, Hunter Lab, USA)와 CM-3500d (Minolta, Japan), 그리고 다른 수광 방식을 사용하는 miniature VIS reflection spectrometer인 Specbos 2100(JETI Technische Instrumente GmbH, Germany)를 이용하여 직경 15 mm, 두께 4 mm의 디스크로 제작한 광중합 복합레진의 색상을 측정하였다. Spcebos 2100은 분광 특성을 측정하는 기기이지만 주문에 의해 제조사에서 측색이 가능한 형태로 제공하였다. 3종의 측색 기기를 사용한 측색 결과를 분석한 결과, 동일한 수광 방식, 광원 및 관찰자 각도를 적용한 2종의 기기 간에도 동일 색상에서 2.4-7.8까지의 색차(ΔE^(*))를 보였으나, L^(*),a^(*), b^(*) 값은 기기 간에 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 서로 다른 수광 방식을 사용하는 기기 간에는 약 20정도의 큰 색차(ΔE^(*))를 보이며, 측정된 각 값 간에도 낮은 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 반투명의 치과용 수복 재료나 치아의 측색 시 측색 기기간에도 색차가 나타날 수 있음을 시사하며, 이는 기기에 대해 측정된 색상을 절대적인 색상으로 적용하기 보다는 상대적인 측정치로 이용하는 것이 바람직하리라 사료된다. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of color measuring instrument by measuring the color of dental composite resins. Nine shade light cured composite resin disks were prepared (diameter : 15 mm, thickness : 4 mm). CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) color scale of each disk was measured with 3 different types of spectrophotometer 〔MiniScan XE plus (Model 4000S, Hunter Lab, USA), CM-3500d (Minolta, Japan) and Specbos 2100 Miniature VIS Reflection spectrometer (Serial No: 319416, JETI Technishe VIS Instrumentic GmbH, Germany)〕. Miniscan XE Plus and CM-3500d using identical measuiing geometry with different size of viewing aperture. But Specbos 2100 using different measuring geometry. Within the limitation of this study, there were color difference (ΔE^*) from 2.4 to 7.8 between Miniscan XE Plus and CM-3500d, but L^(*), a^(*), b^(*) values showed the high correlation. However, there were great color difference(ΔE^*) in the extent of about 20 between instruments with the different measuring geometry. Therefore, color scale measured by color measuhng instrument should be used as a relative value rather than an absolute value in the field of dentistry.

위암환자의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin C-Carbon Particle의 Mitomycin 용출에 관한 연구

노승무,조영훈,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,조준식,최선웅,이진호,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,인현빈,정현용,김학용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Locoregional recurrence is the most common type of recurrence in surgical operation of gastric adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination is one of the most difficult problems in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treatment. Because the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of the first recurrence after gastric cancer resection, intraperitoneal chemotherpy seems a logical choice for cancer chemotherapy. The Mitomycin C(MMC) adsorbed by the activated charcoal particles(CH) is relatively released when the drug concentration surrounding the carbon particles becomes low in the peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity. For the intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the advanced gastric adenocarcnoma, mitomycin C adsorbed on activated carbon particles was administered in the peritoneal cavity just before abdominal wall closure. The closed drainage tubes were inserted in the peritoneal cavity and clamped for tuo hours after completion of operation. MMC concentrations were serially measured in peritoneal fluid, plasma and urine at 2hour, 48 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour following its administration in order to study the efficacy of the MMC-CH as a drug delivery system. There were minimal toxicities in born marrow, liver, and gastrointestinal system after intraperitoneal MMC-CH administration. The data of this study suggested that MMC-CH may have a somewhat more beneficial effect than surgery alone when administered in optimal dose and schedules, but the MMC concentration of the peritoneal fluid was not sufficient to eradicate remnant cancer cells, and effective duration of maintenance was only below 24 hours in the peritoneal fluid and plasma.

최초 임상증상으로 볼부위의 종괴로 나타난 전이성 신세포암 : 증례보고

박용일,유지형,성락희,노충희,김현정,정재용 仁濟大學校 白病院 2010 仁濟醫學 Vol.31 No.-

신세포암의 골격근으로의 전이는 매우 드문경우로 현재까지 약 20편정도의 증예 보고만이 있을뿐이다. 우리는 이 증례보고에서 매우 드문 경우인 최초 임상증상으로 볼부위의 종괴를 주소로 내원후 전이성 신세포암으로 진단받은 65세 남자의 증례와 전이성 신세포암이 골격근으로 전이된 경우의 문헌들을 리뷰하였다. 환자는 내원 3개월전 왼쪽 볼부위에 무통성 종괴가 있는것을 처음 인지하였다. 절제된 종괴의 병리학적 소견은 전이성 신세포암으로 나타났으며 영상의학검사상 좌측신장에 6x5㎝ 크기의 종괴를 보였고 양측 폐에 다수의 작은 결절들을 보였다. 환자는 근치적 신절제술을 받았으며 이후 폐전이에 대해 5-fluorouracil, interferon-a과 interleukin-2을 이용한 변역요법을 시행하였다. 이후 폐 전산화단층촬영상 암이 진행된 것으로 나타나 Sutene^(?)을 이용한 경구 표적요법을 시행중이다.

포름알데히드 含有 廢水가 嫌氣性 處理에 미치는 影響

박광석,노현웅,박정호,박승조 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 硏究報告 Vol.20 No.1

The effects of formaldehyde in anaerobic digestion were : 1. In the cases of batch assay, the methanogenic bacteria were tolerated the toxic when raw and pretreated wastewaters were injected 3 and 5 ml respectively to serum bottle, but shocked when 5 and 10 ml respectively. 2. When raw, pretreated + glucose, and pretreated wastewaters were applied to UASB reators, the results of VLR were obtained 8-10, 3-5, and 2-4 kg cod/㎥ ·d respectived. Result of raw wastewater was the most optima of three. 3. The correlations VLR with bio-gas were obtained 90.5, 46.4 and 34.6% respectively in raw, pretreated + glucose, and pretreated wastewaters. Result of raw wastewater was the most optima of three. 4. In batch assay, pretreatment wastewater is better than raw water, but in continuous assay, raw wastewater is better than pretreatment wastewater. This reason is consideated that unsoluble salt of 373 mg/l is accumulated within UASB reactor, and carries out inhibition to anaerobic bacteria.

LED를 이용한 복합레진의 광조사시, 중합수축의 속도와 양, 미세경도에 관한 연구

박성호,김수선,조용식,이순영,김도현,장용주,문현승,서정원,노병덕 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.4

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the light emitting diode(LED) units for composite curing. To compare its effectiveness with conventional quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) light curing unit, the microhardness of 2mm composite, Z250, which had been light cured by the LEDs (Ultralume LED2, FreeLight, Developing product D1) or QTH (XL 3000) were compared on the upper and lower surface. One way ANOVA with Tukey and Paired t-test was used at 95% levels of confidence. In addition, the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage was compared between composites which were light cured by QTH or LEDs using a custom-made linimeter in 10s and 60s of light curing, and the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage was compared by one way ANOVA with Tukey. The amount of polymerization shrinkage at 10s was XL3000 > Ultralume 2, 40, 60 > FreeLight, D1 (P<0.05) The amount of polymerization shrinkage at 60s was XL3000 > Ultralume 2, 60 > Ultralume 2, 40 > FreeLight, D1 (P<0.05) The microhardness on the upper and lower surface was as follows; <본문 참조> It was concluded that the LEDs produced lower polymerization shrinkage in 10s and 60s compared with QTH unit. In addition, the microhardness of samples which had been cured with LEDs was lower on the lower surfaces than the upper surfaces whereas there was no difference in QTH cured samples.

Rat의 복강에 삽입한 Filorouracil-Polyglycolic acid제형의 Fluorouracil용출에 관한 연구

노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,강대영,송규상,최정목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

A common form of relapse in adenocarcinoma of the stomach is intraperitioneal dissemination, in fact, among gastric adenocarcinoma patients who have undergone surgery intended to cure, approximately 50% of the patients develope initial recurrence in the peritoneal cavity regardless of the anatomic site of the primary tumor within the stomach. The efficacy of systemic postoperative chemotherapy to prevent peritoneal recurrence of gastrric adenocarcinoma is not satisfactory. There is still a great need for improved therapeutic strategies on the disseminated microscopic disease and small miliary nodules remaining on the peritoneal surface or lymphatics after operation. The authers have made fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(Fu-PGA disks) with fluorouracil and biodegradable polymer: polyglycolic acid for more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy. We inserted the Fu-PGA disk(s) in the peritoneal cavity of rat and pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, plasma, liver, kidney and heart tissue at 24 hour, 72 hour and 168 hour after insertion of Fu-PGA disk(s). Myelosuppressive action of this composite also was determined following its administration. The data of this study suggested that Fu-PGA composite will be a new device releasing drugs in a controlled manner and having targetability to peritoneum, and this device will be improving the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma.

悲劇으로서의 텔레비전 드라마 : <다모>와 <미안하다, 사랑한다>를 중심으로

박노현 동국대학교 한국문학연구소 2009 한국문학연구 Vol.0 No.36

텔레비전 드라마는 텔레비전 ‘매체’와 드라마 ‘장르’의 결합으로 탄생한 극예술이다. 하지만 그것은 장르에 대한 매체의 절대적 우위로 인해 예술과는 무관한 자리에 위치한 오락으로 인식되어 온 것이 일반적이다. 텔레비전을 매개로 창조되는 드라마는 이윤 창출을 위한 매체의 욕망과 즉발적 쾌락 및 위무를 향한 독자의 욕망이 합치되면서 선호적 ‘취향’의 범주로부터 자유로울 수 없기 때문이다. 그로 인해 텔레비전 드라마는 멜로드라마와 희극이라는 대중예술의 검증된 안전망으로부터 벗어나려 하지 않는다. 환언하자면 텔레비전 드라마에 있어서 비극이란 원천적으로 불가능한 장르로 간주되어 왔던 것이다. 그러나 2000년대 이후 텔레비전 드라마를 둘러싼 내외적 변화는 이러한 장르적 편중으로부터의 탈피를 가능케 하고 있다. 특히 〈다모〉와 〈미안하다, 사랑한다〉와 같은 미니시리즈는 텔레비전 드라마 비극의 현전을 확인시켜준다는 점에서 주목을 요하는 텍스트이다. 두 편의 미니시리즈는 시간과 공간의 차이를 지니고 있기는 하지만 비극의 직조 방식을 충실히 구현하고 있다는 점에서 유사하다. 두 편 모두 거대한 세계 한가운데로 내동댕이쳐진 인간의 저항과 패배를 형상화함으로써 인간 존재에 대한 화두를 던짐과 동시에 삶의 비감과 비참을 비극적 정서로 환기시킨다. 대단히 빼어난 현대 비극인 두 편의 미니시리즈는 결국 극예술로서의 텔레비전 드라마에 원천적으로 성립 불가능한 장르는 존재하지 않는다는 새삼스런 ‘사실’을 재삼 각인시켜 준다. Television-Drama is a term used to refer to dramatic art created by the combination between television media and drama genre. However, it has been generally perceived as an entertainment which has no connection with art because of the television media's absolute superiority over genre. A drama transferred through the television can not be free from audiences' selective taste which consists of the media's desire to make profits and the readers' desire toward immediate pleasure and consolation. For that reason, Television-Drama does not really try to adventure, but stay in the proven safety net of popular art, melodrama or comedy. In other word, the tragedy has been regarded as an impossible genre in the television-drama. Since 2000's, however, Television-Drama's surroundings have been changed so that they make it possible to free from these genre-preponderance. Especially, miniseries such as 〈Damo〉, 〈I'm Sorry, I love you〉 are significant text in that these drama represent the nowadays state of tragedy in Television-Drama. Though both mini-series have the gap in space-time, they still have the similarity in the point of expressing a weaving way of tragedy tangibly. By representing the resistance and defeat of human who is thrown to the middle of the huge world, the both works give the question for the human existence and transfer the sense of misery and sorrow to tragic emotion. These outstanding works, modern tragedy, reconfirm the ‘fact’ that there is no genre barrier on television-drama as dramatic art.