W. 워즈워스 다시 읽기 : 퓌지스(physis)와 시뮬라시옹(simulation) Physis and Simulation

이규명 새한영어영문학회 2004 새한영어영문학 Vol.46 No.2

This paper is to re-read several enduring poems of Wordsworth's, which were produced as a result of his yearning and longing for nature, based on 'Anti-Humanism' exploring diverse conditions of Dasein as some trend of 'oppositional arts.' According to Jean Baudrillard who has gained a fame as a noteworthy messenger of 'post-modernity' collapsing establishment of center or repressive 'presence,' all things around the world match only 'simulacres' alienated from their entities since nature is reflected on our eyes, from which our views diversely come to be reproduced. Conversely, Wordsworth who believed in pantheism reigns over his contemporaries and descendants as a legislative poet' who tells people identity of nature gasped by his insight which is only 'mecomaissance'(self-misrecognition). For him, nature means the haven of peace, calmness and coziness, in which we could enjoy even a comfort of maternal space. The landscapes in "Tintern Abbey" represented more vividly than what they are, are 'hyper-real' since all things in nature are perceived and recognized by our sight and thought that can't secure the totality of nature. We tend to be intoxicated in the happy song of "The Solitary Reaper" into which the poet lures us by admiring pleasure of labor. However, the poem functions as merely some artifact performing the realization of 'abstract value' focusing on the lonely farmer's song instead of nature's song. In " I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud," we confound the "daffodils" with the poet himself or vice versa, which means 'implosion' between reality and representation. The poet seems to be skeptical of the true meanings of life in "Ode: Intimations of Immortality," Unlike this way, we can view Mo¨bius-like situation meaning natural transition from life to death, that is, inevitable navigation to "the post-orgy state of things." To explore abyss of meanings rivals to give up life in the world on which brilliant signifiers playfully float, so it is desirable for us, producers of simulacres, to join and enjoy the masquerade. For Human to understand nature is so arbitrary that the conflict between nature and human deserves a matter of course as a fresh spring in a deep valley never exists in for human. Wordsworth views nature as the Absolute, which resulted in the historic reality of primeval conquest, while Baudrillard thinks of nature as the very source of duffers, which leads to the trans- or 'hyper-reality' of simulation. Thus, nature never gives us specific meanings: authenticity, ferocity, peace, or comfort, since the relation between nature and human is contradictory. But we look at nature wavering acceding to each person's view and only try to reach its archetype beyond simulacres of reality. This pursuit would come to be both 'fatal strategies' and 'hypertelos' mortgaging our life and fate forward.

노출형 원형강관 주각의 축압축 가력실험

이태규,이명재 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)

The object of this study is to investigate the structural behavior of circular tube column bases under the axial load. Nine specimens of column bases were conducted for tests. And the column base design methods of AISC were investigated by literature survey. Test results were summarized load-displacement relationships, load-strain relationships, and load-relative displacement relationships of base plates.

Porter의 산업구조분석모형을 이용한 TFT-LCD 사업매력도 분석

이선규,이웅희,서명지,허연호,홍민정 금오공과대학교 산업기술개발연구원 2001 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.17 No.-

This study examined the key success factors and the degree of industry attractiveness in the TFT-LCD industries. The five competitive force factors include: barriers o entry, industry rivalry, threat of substitutes, supplier power and buyer power. As the result of this study, it was found that the key success factors were customer needs, high screen quality, low price, high performance, convenience and stability concerning with display device. This study provides another link in the chain of understanding of the industry attractiveness and key success factors in the TFT-LCD markets.

예이츠의「장미」에 대한 원형적 접근 : C.G. Jung의 이론을 중심으로 In the light of C. G. Jung's theory

이규명 釜山外國語大學校 語文學硏究所 1999 外大語文論集 Vol.14 No.-

ABSTRACTThe aim of this thesis is to interpret The Rose on the basis of Jung's theory centered on the archetypal aspects, which are represented in the text converted to the stage of 'Unconscious', a writer's dream. Here there is the justification of the application of his theory to the text. The kinds of archetypes are anima, animus, the Self, persona, shadow, wise man/woman, initiation, parenting and etc.In the thesis, the four poems without using the signifier of 'rose' as each theme in The Rose axe interpreted: "Fergus and The Druid," "The Lake Isle of Innisfree," "When You are old," and "The Lamentation of The Old Pensioner." As yet, they are neglectfully valued, since critics and readers are much preoccupied in the point that Yeat said that The Rose represents his ex-lover, Maud Gonne, resulting in easily identifing The Rose with her without the process of critical analysis or survey. This causes from the blind or dull views of critics/readers.In "Fergus and The Druid," the former is the archetype of 'persona' as the social position of king to reign over phenomenal or visible order and the latter that of 'wise man' to pursue supreme truth of universe, which is the representation of individualization of 'the Self.' Thus their relations are contradictory and inconsistent. The latter provides "little bag of dreams" for the former longing for an eternal thing, which can be converted to the sublime object of rose. This exemplifies the conflict between 'persona' and 'the Self.'For "The Lake of Innisfree," because of its poetic transparency or clarity, every critic or reader carlessly tends to think of it as a typical lyric. But the isle, "Innisfree", is the poetic space or primordial stage/point in which all archetypes reside and play. It functions as a snug shelter of a hometown to comfort man/woman with terrible trauma or horrible experience from social life, which involves the frustration of the pursuit of the valuable object of rose.In "When You Are Old," the poetic narrator promises the lasting concern on 'persona' sticking to beauty and 'ego' losing beauty in the transition of time. That is to say, he loves not only the weather-beaten object without beauty but also the object coated with skin deep beauty. Here the object means a withered or superficial rose.In "The Lamentation of The Old Pensioner," we think of the archetype of "broken tree as a castrated phallus which represents "the old pensioner" and means an impotent man, The erotic and lively object of rose for which the poetic narrator chases deviates from his boundary and is recurred only in his deep-rooted memory. The aim of this thesis is to interpret The Rose on the basis of Jung's theory centered on the archetypal aspects, which are represented in the text converted to the stage of 'Unconscious', a writer's dream. Here there is the justification of the application of his theory to the text. The kinds of archetypes are anima, animus, the Self, persona, shadow, wise man/woman, initiation, parenting and etc. In the thesis, the four poems without using the signifier of 'rose' as each theme in The Rose are interpreted: "Fergus and The Druid," "The Lake Isle of Innisfree," "When You are old," and "The Lamentation of The Old Pensioner." As yet, they are neglectfully valued, since critics and readers are much preoccupied in the point that Yeat said that The Rose represents his ex-lover, Maud Gonne, resulting in easily identifing The Rose with her without the process of critical analysis or survey, This causes from the blind or dull views of critics/readers. In "Fergus and The Druid," the former is the archetype of 'persona' as the social position of king to reign over phenomenal or visible order and the latter that of 'wise man' to pursue supreme truth of universe, which is the representation of individualization of 'the Self.' Thus their relations are contradictory and inconsistent. The latter provides "little bag of dreams" for the former longing for an eternal thing, which can be converted to the sublime object of rose. This exemplifies the conflict between 'persona' and 'the Self.' For "The Lake of Innisfree," because of its poetic transparency or clarity, every critic or reader carlessly tends to think of it as a typical Iyric. But the isle, "Innisfree", is the poetic space or primordial stage/point in which all archetypes reside and play It functions as a snug shelter of a hometown to comfort man/woman with terrible trauma or horrible experience from social life, which involves the frustration of the pursuit of the valuable object of rose. In "When You Are Old," the poetic narrator promises the lasting concern on 'persona' sticking to beauty and 'ego' losing beauty in the transition of time. That is to say, he loves not only the weather-beaten object without beauty but also the object coated with skin deep beauty. Here the object means a withered or superficial rose. In "The Lamentation of The Old Pensioner," we think of the archetype of "broken tree as a castrated phallus which represents "the old pensioner" and means an impotent man, The erotic and lively object of rose for which the poetic narrator chases deviates from his boundary and is recurred only in his deep-rooted memory.

Cr₂O₃가 고주파용 Pb(Mn⅓Mb⅔)O₃+PZT 세라믹스기판의 압전 특성에 미치는 영향

이개명,박창엽,김규수 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.23 No.2

핫프레스법으로 제작된 ?? 세라믹스에 있어서 Cr2O3의 첨가량이 그 시편의 구조적특성, 유전특성, 압전특성, 온도안정성 및 포아손비에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Cr2O3의 첨가량의 범위가 0.3∼0.75[wt%]인 시편만이 포아손비가 1/3 이상으로 주파수 저하형 에너지포획 소자의 기판으로 사용될 수 있으며, 이 중에서 Cr2O3의 첨가량이 0.5[wt%]인 시편이 보다 우수한 압전특성과 안정된 온도특성을 갖고 있다. The effects of Cr2O3 addition on the structural, dielectric, piezoelectric properties, Poisson ratio and temperature stability of hot-pressed ?? ceramics were investigated. Only the specimens with Cr2O3 amount, 0.3∼0.75[wt%]can be used as the substrate for energy trapped devices of frequency lowering type, because their Poisson ratios are larger than 1/3. And the specimen with 0.5[wt%]Cr2O3 of them, has better piezoeletric properties, and more stable frequency temperature characteristics than the others.

통합심리치료의 인지분화훈련이 정신분열병 환자의 기초 인지기능에 미치는 영향

이희상,현명호,조현상,이연희,김태용,장순아,노규식,정기립,이만홍,유계준 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

연구목적 : 정신분열별 환자들을 대상으로 통합심리치료의 소프로그램인 인지분화훈련을 실시하여 실행기능, 개념형성능력, 언어능력 및 추론력에 대한 훈련이 보다 더 하위단계의 인지기능인 주의력, 기억력, 반응시간 등을 호전시킬 수 있는 지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : DSM-IV상 정신분열병으로 진단된 24명의 입원환자를 무작위로 양분하여 한 군은 인지분화훈련군으로 다른 한 군은 대조군으로 나누었다. 훈련군은 4주동안 1주일에 3회(매회 60분간)로 총 12회의 통합심리치료의 인지분화훈련을 받았으며 대조군은 동일한 시간동안 정신건강교육을 받았다. 훈련전후에 훈련군과 대조군을 대상으로 개정판 Wechsler 기억검사로 주의집중력, 장·단기 기억력을 측정하였고 Vienna test system중 결정반응시간검사로 반응시간, 반응결정시간, 반응운동시간을 평가하였다. 연구결과 : 1) 주의집중력에서는 훈련군과 대조군사이에 집단간 효과, 집단내 효과 및 상호작용 효과가 없었다. 2) 단기기억력에서는 훈련군과 대조군사이에 집단내 효과는 있었으나(F(1,24)=10.46. p〈.05). 집단간 효과, 상호작용 효과는 없었다. 3) 장기기억력에서는 훈련군과 대조군사이에 집단내 효과는 있었으나(F(1,24)=15.09. p〈.05). 집단간 효과, 상호작용 효과는 없었다. 4) 반응시간에서는 상호작용 효과(F(1,24)=5.18, p〈.05)가 있었다. 5) 반응운동시간에서는 집단간 효과, 집단내 효과 및 상호작용 효과가 없었다. 6) 반응결정시간에서는 상호작용 효과(F(1.24)=6.00, p〈.05)가 있었다. 결 론 : 통합심리치료의 인지분화훈련은 정신분열병 환자에서 하위단계의 인지기능 중 반응시간(특히 반응결정시간)을 단축시키는 효과가 있었다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive differentiation training of Integrated Psychological Therapy(a training program of executive function, concept formation, language, and abstraction) on micro-level cognitive function such as attention, memory and reaction time in patients time in patients with schizophrenia. Methods : Twenty-four inpatients diagnosed as schizophrenia using DSM-IV were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The training group went through a total of 12 sessions of cognitive differentiation training for 4 weeks. The control group received psychoeducation program during the same period. Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised and Decision-Reaction Timer of Vienna Test System were administered to all patients, both before and after the training program. Results : 1) In the attention and concentration scores of Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, between group, within group and interaction effects of training were not significant. 2) In the short-term memory scores of Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, within group effect of training was significant(F(1,24)=10.46, p〈0.05), but the between group and interaction effects did not reach significance. 3) In the long-term memory scores of Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, within group effect of training was significant(F(1,24)=15.09, p〈0.05), but the between group and interaction effects did not reach significance. 4) In the reaction time scores of Decision-Reaction Timer, interaction effect of training was significant(F(1,24)=5.18, p〈0.05). 5) In the motor time scores of Decision-Reaction Timer, between group, within group and interaction effects of training were not significant. 6) In the decision time scores of Decision-Reaction Timer, interaction effect of training was significant(F(1,24)=6.00, p〈0.05). Conclusion : Our findings suggest that cognitive differentiation training of Integrated Psycho-logical Therapy is partly effective on improving micro-level cognitive functions such as reaction time(especially, decision time) in patents with schizophrenia.

『노수부의 노래』다시 읽기 : 그 보편주의의 산종(散種)에 대한 탈-식민주의적 저항

이규명 새한영어영문학회 2007 새한영어영문학 Vol.49 No.1

As yet, this famed canon has been read authoritatively in views of colonialism only to aid to establish its overwhelming position in the history of English literature domestically and abroad. However, such reading is thought to be banal or boring in the current stream of post-modernism or post-structurism trying to remove aura surrounding sacred canons. For that reason, the goal of this paper is to make an attempt at an eccentric, rather awry reading to break from established slavish readings serving to blind respect and breathtaking awe for this poem so far. Slavish reading is the phenomenon that naive readers in spite of themselves are indulged in the trap of autonomy a reality of text tends to grant. On the contrary, I try to resist in autonomy of reality inhering in the poem and to read it in views of post-colonialism denying subordination by ruling ideology or powers at my best. Accordingly, this trial can give some shock to the established themes created from this poem in the history of English literature: master and servant relation between albatross and ancient mariner, still state of ship and sea, curse and mercy, appearance of water snake and old mariner's enlightenment. For the old mariner's murdering albatross, the suggestions that the tragedy was merely caused from his imprudence, or that he ruthlessly destructed community of love and life are the views based on colonialism to set superstructure/ base in that the albatross can be an icon reigning over human-beings. Instead, I view the murder as an unconscious eruption of dissatisfaction like humiliation lurking over a long while against Fascistized dissemination of ruling ideology the albatross stands for. As a result, the catastrophe, stillness of ship and sea, according to most of established readings, has been viewed as sinister curse from the sacred albatross, but I think of it as a kind of voidness generated from chaotic freedom loose from colonial hegemony after the loss of the icon having encroached the mariner's life over a long term, Namely, unlike the existing views that appearance of water snake can deserve abundance of existence, harmony of universe, or acme of Coleridge's aesthetics, I think water snake can function as another colonial mechanism to 're-territorialize' the mariner since the snake can replace the albatross as an episteme of past. The view that the mariner's blessing and forgiving surrounding existences can correspond to a kind of guilt resulting from the murder is system-oriented and system-subordinate in that the murder of albatross suppressing the mariner is a thing of no wonder and from causation. Namely, the ruling ideology playing a role of albatross choking the mariner can be justified, while the mariner can be reduced to an offender having murdered albatross rather than a righteous fighter for winning lost freedom. Resisting reading against a ruling discourse like this authoritative poem out of English literature, tends not to be stripping away ruling ideology, but to be easily tolerating and guaranteeing it, deviating from the original mission of resistance. In the sense, with absence of a revolutionary and positive stance renovating the actual world under restraint of a ruling ideology, the argumentations of readings on a way of 'Minerva's owl' is meaningless and useless, and the unconscious admission of poetic justice shown in the Shakespeare's tragedies that most of the characters who challenged to regime ended in downfall must be reflected. Finally, For me to convert the transcendental signifieds endowed to this romantic canon reigning over English literature is just to practice 'pleasure of text.'

텍스트에 대한 라캉적 태도와 그 실천 : 「벤 벌벤 아래에서」에 나타난 "오브제 쁘띠 아" 'objet petit a" revealed in "Under Ben Bulben"

이규명 새한영어영문학회 2002 새한영어영문학 Vol.44 No.1

This paper is an attempt to interpret Yeats's poetry, which is the representation of either his dream of "Unconscious," in terms of the theories of Jacques Lacan. The primary assumption of this analysis is that psychoanalytical approach to texts is possible; every situation in the text corresponds with every situation in the human mind to which the proper terms suggested by Lacan can be referred. Hence, I think that this comes under one of objective ways to texts. To avoid the rigid and reified interpretation molded into the framework of psychoanalysis theory, however, the methodology of reader-response criticism is applied to the analysis of Yeats's poem "Under Ben Bulben." Lacan thought of humans as discontented beings aspiring to fill their desire that had never been filled. Hence, he decentered Eros which would give humans complete pleasure, and critized Ego's trends to grasp the totality of subject or things. Lacan regarded both the conscious and the unconscious as the same. The former is born from the latter, so speaker's utterance represents his/her unconscious situations, as it can be known well from his noted manifestation that "the unconscious is structured like a language" and "the unconscious is the discourse of the Other." Hence, Lacan suggests the relative freedom that allows analyst/reader and analysand/text to communicate each desire on the level of symbolic order instead of making much of the former or disregarding the latter. This means that there is no "subject supposed to be known" in the world. The condition of desire is lack (manque) and people are each the subject of desire which is that of lack. Therefore, Yeats is destined to want Others to desire. Now we desire to fill his desire and to share his unconscious, and vice versa. Using the ways of "transference" and "counter-transference" of reading text, the former is found to depend on its signifiers as the objective evidences of interpretation. On the other hand, the later focuses that readers subjectively reconstruct the fabula of the text. In "Under Ben Bulben," Yeats's desire of jouissance of art stays on a discontent level (point de capiton), and hints at a "repetition compulsion" for the ideal "agalma" or "objet petit a" of art.

Ode on a Grecian Urn의 다시 읽기 : 그 신화에 대한 저항

이규명 신영어영문학회 2000 신영어영문학 Vol.16 No.-

The aim of this thesis is to re-interpret Keats' Ode on a Grecian Urn which has still been mystified by most of critics and readers who have mainly been pinned down to the mythic parts of the poem. This is the emotional fallacy that used to be forbidden by New-Criticism, and the impressive way which appears among blind critics and readers, lack of poetic insight. The two faults often caused from getting to the poem stems from a kind of overflowing Romanticism. But to re-interpret the poem is a trial of the criticism of 'Readers' response', leading to a practice of what we call ‘deconstruction’ to renew and supplement the established ideas of the poem, refusing a minority of authoritative interpretations of it, and resulting in “death of author.”The faults can be squarely contradictory with Keats’ positions of poetics to Things: negative capability and empirical attitude, which get rid of critics’ and readers’ intention or imagination far away from Things or phenomena. Namely, this is to check the excessively emotional interference of the interpretive community to the poem whose nature seems to be concerned with Phenomenology favoring epoche(stopping one’s decision) and reducing to the nature of Dasein(given Things). For its alternative, T. S. Eliot’s ‘objective correlative’ is properly favored that aims to link poetic things to Things. For the first stanza, Harold Bloom tells us the mythic level centering on the patterns of the “Urn.” But we approach the stanza for phenomenological level. Here “Urn” is an art in itself visible to us. The second stanza, Bloom welcomes rhetorical oxymoron and tends to adhere to it. And Kenneth Burke contrasts sensuals with spirituals. But we see that Keats regrets the contemporaries’ vulgarity and blindness for art, as shown in a few critics(especially, Sanders and Claire Lamont)’ research. From the third stanza, Burke separates secular things from transcendental things. But we finds the poet’s fate of being forced to keep on singing regardless of his contemporaries’ concerns and tastes, which shows Keats' agony losing universality and popularity for his works. The forth stanza reminds Cleanth Blooks of a sacrifice-ritual by archaic custom and unreasonably leads him to mythic level. But we find the tragic end of a poet as a scape-goat. In the result, the angry God cursed and devastated the community in which the poet was persecuted to death. The fifth stanza hits to Paul H. Fry that there are a static situation and sensual mood in it. Here we find that the “Urn” is sublimated to an artistic, supreme being and the poetic narrator regrets and rebukes the blind critics and readers unable to grasp its entity or nature. In conclusion, Keats foregrounds the “Urn” and backgrounds significance of art and simultaneously sets mythic historicity and contemporary presentness in parallel. The mythic elements remarkably fore-grounded in the poem forces critics to mislead to the mystified level of the “Urn” so that if they can’t grasp it, they are alienated from the poetic truth of the “Urn.” This is concerned with the oracular message to blind and foolish critics and readers over centuries : “Beauty is truth, truth beauty, - that is all / Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know."

심층의 시학 : 예이츠 시에 대한 융 (C. G. Jung) 적 실천 A Jungian Practice to Yeats' Poetry

이규명 한국현대영어영문학회 2002 현대영어영문학 Vol.46 No.2

C. G Jung's analytical psychology is basically different from Freud's psychoanalysis in that the former is in pursuit of causation of daily events and the latter heads for synchronity of pre-history. Accordingly, Freudian positions focus on subjective experiences of history, while Jungian positions center on objective experiences of myth as racial memory far away from history. In the sense Freud's unconscious is concerned with dissatisfaction resulting from the conflicting relation between desire and real world, and Jung's is associated with archetypal qualities to completeness of self. Thus Marxism is believed to be related to Freudian theories that external and real world forms motives of unconscious and Jungian theories, centering on internal and primordial world that makes up base of real world, communicate with occultism and alchemy. When we think of the relation between literature and Jungian theories, we often remind of the practices of archetypal criticism born from Northrop Frye. But the meanings of archetypes argued by Jung and Frye are very different in that the former points out that archetypes clinically serve to accomplish process of individuation through quest of collective unconscious, while the latter reveals that all symbols are literarily converged into universal archetypes, taking such conventional examples as river symbolizes death and rebirth and sun energy and father principle. Of course there are their common points that archetypes imply mythical elements having no relation with real world. In the sense the way that Jungian theories can be applied to literary text is to analyse the symbols as agents of archetypes revealed in Yeats' poetry and amplify our poetic imagination to the meanings of their origin, overcoming 'epistemological obstacle' resulting from Lockian tabula rasa, while Fyre's theories overly adhere to myths of hero that usually go through the trials of quest, initiation(separation, transformation, and return), and sacrificial scapegoat. In the view of Jungian theories, in 「The Lake Isle of Innisfree」, "Innisfree" means maternal space comforting poetic narrator for frustrated idea in the real world. In 「Tower」, poetic narrator longs for completeness of individuation or restoration of self going through transcendence and integration. In 「Lamentation of The Old Pensioner」, "broken tree" means both libidinal retrogression and restoration, so here we find spiritual sublimation of libido as revealed in "my chair was nearest to the fire/ in every company." In 「Fergus and The Druid」, poetic narrator admires "Druid" symbolizing 'wise man' as a major archetype, since he wants to escape from his 'persona' and to remove his characteristic mask. In 「When you are old」, beauty is favored as essential system rather than formal system meaning skin-deep modes. In 「Leda and The Swan」, the episode of "swan" reminding us of the mythic event of between Zeus and Leda, the queen of Sparta in Greek myth means greek tradition attacking and ruling over western society possibly displaced as "Leda", so "a shudder in the loins" means the extension and acception of divinity.