Lactobacillus (LA-1) and butyrate inhibits osteoarthrits through controling autophagy and inflammatory cell death in chondrocyte

Keun hyung Cho,Hyun-Sik Na,JooYeon Jhun,Jiyoung Kim,Seung Yoon Lee,Jeong soo Lee,In Gyu Um,Seok Jung Kim,Mi-La Cho 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that reduces quality of life due to pain caused by persistent joint destruction. In addition, as a representative chronic disease, it causes inflammation and affects immunity, and it is one of the diseases that is difficult to cure, so treatment and improvement methods are urgently needed. In a previous study, we published that LA-1 improves osteoarthritis and has cartilage protection by controlling inflammation. However, it was not known how LA-1 improves osteoarthritis in the body. So in this study, it was confirmed that the administration of LA-1 to the MIA-induced OA rat model reduces the pain threshold, protects cartilage, and regulates inflammation markers in the articular synovium. Additionally, collecting and analyzing the feces of the disease model, it affected the gastrointestinal system and improved the environment of the microbiome. Interestingly, by providing LA-1, it was confirmed that the diversity and abundance of microbiome in the intestine were changed, and that the bacteria that produced SCFAs increased. In addition, daily supply of butyrate, one of the SCFAs produced by certain bacteria, triggers autophagy activation and tends to decrease necroptosis. This suggests that systemic immunity as well as OA is regulated according to changes in the intestinal microbial community, and that activation of autophagy can indirectly reduce abnormal cell death. In addition, assuming that osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disease, cell analysis was performed using splenocyte and blood assuming that the immune system is deteriorated. As a result, both splenocytes and PBMCs confirmed that regulatory T cells increased and Th17 cells decreased. In summary, providing LA-1 leads to increased production of SCFAs by altering the microbes in the intestine. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the progression of OA and control pain due to OA, and improve an abnormal joint environment by controlling autophagy and necroptosis.

연쇄상구균의 약제내성과 전이성 R-plasmid의 특성

김종훈,임대환,이창훈,이수정,이월라,황미혜,김은희 한국어병학회 2003 한국어병학회지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 넙치 병어에서 분리된 연쇄상구균들의 항균제 내성 경향을 파악하고, 약제내성의 전이에 관여하는 R plasmid를 검출하여, 분리 균들 내에서 이들 plasmid의 분포를 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 넙치 병어에서 분리된 연쇄상구균 40 균주의 대부분은 ampicillin, doxycycilne (DOXY), erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, norfloxacin, osolinic acid, oxytetracycline (OTC)의 2~5약제에 동시내성을 나타내었다. 이들 내성균으로부터 내성 전이에 관여하는 R plasmid (pST9)가 검출되었으며, OTC와 DOXY내성이 R plasmid에 의하여 수용균인 Streptococcus sp.로 전이가 이루어졌다. 전이성 R plasmid의 분포를 알아보기 위하여 colony 혼성화 반응을 실시한 결과, 40 분리 균주 중 6 균주에 동일한 DNA 구조의 R plasmid가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 이들과 DNA 구조가 다른 R plasmid도 넙치병어에서 분리되는 연쇄상구균의 약제내성에 관여하고 있음을 시사하였다. MICs of 8 chemotherapeutic agents against forty streptococcal isolates were determined. These strains were isolated from diseased olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and showed 2~5 multiple drug resistance against different antibacterial agents including ampicillin, doxycycline (DOXY), erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, norfloxacin, oxolinic acid, and oxytetracycilne (OTC). In conjugation experiment, we found transferable R plasmids carrying OTC and DOXY resistance determinant in 3 drug resistance strains analyzed. Six out of 40 isolates showed positive signal in colony hybridization with the R plasmid DNA (pST9) as a probe. It suggests that other types R plasmid different from pST9 is also involving in multiple drug resistance of streptococci isolated from olive flounder.

Urethane으로 유발된 생쥐 폐샘암종 발생과정에서 Survivin과 p53 단백 발현

김미라 외 중앙대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2007 中央醫大誌 Vol.32 No.1/2

An unbalance of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis. Survivin and p53 have been identified as an important member of the apoptotic related proteins. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), apoptosis, apoptotic related proteins such as survivin and p53 by using urethane-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis which provides reproducing steps from hyperplastic lesions to adenocarcinomas. ICR mice were given urethane by intra-peritoneal injection, and sacrified at 5, 15, and 25 weeks after treatment. Sequential morphological changes and the immunohistochemical expression of PCNA, apoptosis, survivin, and p53, during mouse lung carcinogenesis were examined. During the carcinogenesis, sequential histological changes from hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, to adenomas, and ultimately to overt adenocarcinomas were noted. The PCNA Labeling Index (LI) was 9.6% in hyperplasia. p53 expression was detected only in adenocarcinoma lesions at an expression rate of 10%. There was no correlation between survivin and p53 expression. These results suggested that the PCNA LI and apoptotic LI could be useful markers for evaluating the risk of malignant transformation. In addition, survivin and p53 may be implicated in the early and late steps in the urethane-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis.

대학생의 성의식 실태에 관한 연구

강미라,김두화,김성현 濟州大學校 學生生活硏究所 2005 學生生活硏究 Vol.26 No.-

This research was conducted to help college students better understand the culture on sex and provide basic data that can be usefully used for education on sex in the future by exploring college students: experience and perception on sex. 964 participated in this survey. 425 were female, and 539 male. Results of the survey are as follows. 1. Knowledge About Sex First, when asked about education on sex, 92.4% of respondents said they received education on sex, and its focus was primarily placed on venereal diseases and contraception. Female students received more of the education. While men learned more about sex, women were educated relatively more about abortion. Second, when questioned about the benefits of education on sex, over 40% of respondents responded neutrally to the benefits of education on sex, which means that they believe the education helps little. Third, in terms of knowledge about sex, participants know best about pregnancy. On the other hand, they have least knowledge about venereal diseases. By sex, male participants answered they know better in five categories than their counterparts. Female respondents received more education, but female participants had more knowledge, so more detailed research are necessary to explore how accurate their knowledge is. Fourth, in most cases, they get knowledge from school (29.2%), and friends or older students (19.0%). Concerns are raised about the quality of information acquired from friends or older students. Fifth, a majority of participants (54.9%) get knowledge about sex while in middle school. some of them (26.8%) while in elementary school. It is partly because children mature earlier than before, and they are exposed to a variety of media, increasing chances of getting misleading information on sex. 2. Opinions on Marriage First, when asked about marriage, over 30% of participants said that they 'like living alone if possible' or 'it depends.' By sex, while males have positive opinions on marriage, females reserve their comments. Second, in terms of having sex before marriage, 70% supported it. By sex, 30.3% of female respondents said having sex before marriage is not right, and only 18% of male participants said it is not right. It can be referred that females are more conservative. Third, when asked about living together without getting married, only 4.7% of participants had negative opinions. Most participants said it is acceptable. By sex, males were more tolerant than their counterparts. Fourth, in terms of virginity, 70% are open. Males are more open than females. Fifth, when asked about how they react if their mates raise questions of virginity, 54.2% of male respondents said they will confess and ask forgiveness. On the other hand, 21.3% of female participants said they will break up, and 35.1% had other choices. The fact shows that women tend not to face the problem, and act passively. Sixth, when questioned about how they would respond if they know their mates are not virgin, more than half of male respondents said it does not matter. More males said it does not matter than females, and at the same time, male respondents who said they will break up outnumbered their counterparts. This shows that male participants have both open and conservative attitudes towards virginity. Seventh, when asked whether their mates can meet friends with the opposite sex after marriage, 8.3% said 'no,' and 91.7% said 'yes.' Most student are tolerant about mates can meet friends with the opposite sex after marriage. By sex, men were more cautious than women. Eighth, 70% of respondents shows negative opinions about extramarital sex. 3. Dating First, in terms of sexual experience, 70% of respondents said they had no experience. By sex, men had more sexual experience than women. Second, most of the respondents who have sexual experience tend to make an emotional decision. By sex, men are more impulsive than women. Third, the longer relationship continues, the higher chances of having sex there are. By sex, in terms of women, chances of having sex increase as relationship continues longer. On the other hand, men are more impulsive. Fourth, when it comes to psychological status when having sex, both sexes are relatively satisfied. Fifth, 53.7% tend to continue their relationship after having sex. Sixth, both sexes are satisfied after having sex, however women are particularly worried about pregnancy. 4. Sex-related Problems First, 46.4% of respondents said they currently have no sex-related worries, and 22.7% have problems related to the opposite sex. Men are worried about impulsiveness, and women are worried about a physiological phenomenon. Second, when it comes to solutions, 46.9% said they consult with their friends. Only 0.7% said they meet with their teacher. Apart from discussing it with their friends, women opt for relationship-oriented solutions, consulting with their parents. On the other hand, men prefer object-oriented solutions, gathering information through friends, books, and the Internet. Based on these results, suggested advice is as follows: First, college students have received education on sexual morality since middle school, and they collect information primarily from their friends or older students. But most of them are dissatisfied with the benefits of the education. By sex, women received more education, but they have less knowledge than men. Therefore, it is necessary to review how effective education on sexual morality conducted in school is. Second, more than half of students have positive opinions on marriage, and they are open about having sex or living together before marriage, and meeting friends with the opposite sex. In the past, the marriage system itself was considered important, but in modern society, love tends to be put before marriage. Therefore, It is necessary to develop a variety of educational and cultural events to bring about desirable sex morality. Third, most of respondents are having a date, but not many of them have sex experience. respondents who have sex experience tend to make an impulsive decision without thinking carefully, continuing their relationship longer. Therefore, there should be some opportunities to help them make a desirable decision on sex.

미취학 아동에 있어 신체발달, 손목 골밀도 및 영양섭취와의 상관성

명금희,나현주,최미경,김애정 동아시아식생활학회 2004 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study was conducted to examine the correlation among growth development, bone mineral density, and nutrient intakes in preschool children. A total of 62 preschool children measured the anthropometric characteristics and the bone mineral density of carpus using DEXA. The questionnaires categorized to determine health status, life style, dietary behaviors, and dietary intakes were filled out by children's mothers. The average ages of the study subjects were 62.4 months in boys and 62.1 months in girls. The birth height and weight of the subjects were 50.9 ㎝ and 3.4 ㎏ in boys and 50.3 ㎝ and 3.3 ㎏ in girls, respectively. The average height, weight, % body fat, and obesity index were 111.7 ㎝, 19.6 kg, 15.0%, -2.1% in boys and 109.4 ㎝, 18.7 ㎏, 17.5%, 0.2% in girls, respectively. The bone mineral density in carpus was 0.25 g/㎠ in boys and 0.24 g/㎠ in girls. Proportions of children having regular meals were 69.0%, 94.7% and 69.0% for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively. The major reasons for irregular meal were poor appetite and lack of time for breakfast and snacks for dinner. Most of the children(52.6%) had breakfast with the whole family together, and all the children had lunch and dinner with a part of the family. Most of the children answered they had snack more than once a day, and 64.3% had an unbalanced diet. The intakes of energy, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B₁, niacin, and vitamin C did not meet the Korean RDAs. The intakes of energy, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B₁, niacin, and vitamin C did not meet the Korean RDAs. Average bone mineral density in carpus was positively correlated to the body weight, the total body water, the lean body mass, and obesity index, respectively(p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.01). The body weight, the total body water, and the lean body mass showed the significant negative correlation with the animal iron intake(p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.01). The bone mineral density the distal carpus was negatively correlated to the animal protein intake and the animal iron intake(p<0.05 and p<0.05). And the bone mineral density in the ultradis carpus and the average bone mineral density in the carpus were positively correlated to the plant calcium intake(p<0.05 and p<0.05). Therefore, more systematic studies to investigate the roles of protein, iron, and calcium in growth development of preschool children were required.

장기간 보관한 멸균물품의 오염 상태에 관한 연구

주홍순,조순덕,정재심,신동분,임바올라,노은지,이선희,송영미,최정화,백병윤,김미나 대한병원감염관리학회 2003 의료관련감염관리 Vol.8 No.1

Evaluation of recombinant adenovirus- mediated gene delivery for expression of tracer genes in catecholaminergic neurons

Mi-La Kim,Shengjun Han,Sat-Byol Lee,Jung Hye Kim,Hee Kyung Ahn,Youngbuhm Huh 대한해부학회 2010 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.43 No.2

Selective labeling of small populations of neurons of a given phenotype for conventional neuronal tracing is difficult because tracers can be taken up by all neurons at the injection site, resulting in nonspecific labeling of unrelated pathways. To overcome these problems, genetic approaches have been developed that introduce tracer proteins as transgenes under the control of cell-type-specific promoter elements for visualization of specific neuronal pathways. The aim of this study was to explore the use of tracer gene expression for neuroanatomical tracing to chart the complex interconnections of the central nervous system. Genetic tracing methods allow for expression of tracer molecules using cell-type-specific promoters to facilitate neuronal tracing. In this study, the rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter and an adenoviral delivery system were used to express tracers specifically in dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons. Region-specific expression of the transgenes was then analyzed. Initially, we characterized cell-type-specific expression of GFP or RFP in cultured cell lines. We then injected an adenovirus carrying the tracer transgene into several brain regions using a stereotaxic apparatus. Three days after injection, strong GFP expression was observed in the injected site of the brain. RFP and WGA were expressed in a cell-type-specific manner in the cerebellum, locus coeruleus, and ventral tegmental regions. Our results demonstrate that selective tracing of catecholaminergic neuronal circuits is possible in the rat brain using the TH promoter and adenoviral expression.

Enhanced T Cell Proliferative Response to Type II Collagen and Synthetic Peptide CII(255-274) in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Kim, Ho-Youn,Kim, Wan-Uk,Cho, Mi-La,Lee, Suk-Kyeong,Youn, Jee-hee,Sung-Il Kim*,Wan-Hee Yoo**,Jae-Ho Park***,Min, Jun-Ki,Lee, Sang heon,Park, Sung-Hwan,Cho, Chul-Soo 가톨릭대학교 2000 Bulletin of The Catholic Research Institutes of Me Vol.28 No.-

Objective : To determine the presence of specific immune recognition of type II collagen (CII) and its immunodominant epitope CII (255-274) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Methods : T cell proliferative responses to bovine CII and synthetic peptide encompassing CII (255-274), by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMC) from RA patients, and PBMC from osteoarthritis (OA) patients and healthy controls were assayed by mixed lymphocyte culture. Results : Stimulation index (SI) and the number of positive T cell responses (SI≥2) to CII were higher in RA patients (n=106) than in OA patients(n=26) and healthy controls (n=34). T cell responses to CII (255-274) were also enhanced in RA and correlated well with those to CII. In SFMC, positive responses to CII using SFMC were stronger and more prevalent than peripheral responses. SI and positive responses to CII were higher in early RA than in late RA. IgG antibodies to CㆍII in SF inversely correlated with T cell responses to CII. Conclusion : T cell responses to CII or CII(255-274) were enhanced in RA, especially in early disease. Synthetic peptide CII (255-274) as well as CII could be recognized as immunogenic antigens by T cells, particularly those in SF. These observations suggest that CII reactive T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. Peripheral tolerance induction using CII(255-274) might be useful in the treatment of RA. (Arthritis and Rheumatism 42(10):2085-2093, 1999)

Effect of Cyclosporine on Circulating Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-12 in Pateints with Severe, Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis

Kim, Jeong-Sun,Kim, Wan-Uk,Cho, Mi-La,Youn, Jee-Hee,Lee, Suk-Kyeong,Chae, Eun-Young,Min, Jun-Ki,Hong, Yeon-Sik,Lee, Sang-Heon,Park, Sung-Hwan,Cho, Chul-Soo,Kim, Ho-Youn 가톨릭대학교 2000 Bulletin of The Catholic Research Institutes of Me Vol.28 No.-

Background : To investigate the effect of cyclosporine on interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in patients with rheumatoid arthrtis (RA) Methods : A 10-week randomized, double blind, placebo-control study of cyclosporine RA who had residual inflammation and isability despite partial reponses to prior maximal tolerated dose of methotrexate (<15 mg/week) and low dose prednisone (<10 mg/day). The clinical and laboratory variables, and circulating leves IL-10 and IL-12 measered by enzymelinked immunosorbent method, were compared between patients (cyclosporine group) treated with cycloporine plus methotreaxte and those (placebo group) treated with placebo plus methotrexate at the entry and 16 weeks of the study. Results : On the 16 weeks into the clinical trial, the cyclosporine group (n=17), compared with the placebo group (n=17), had higher degree of decreases in tender joints, patients global assessment, patients self assessed disability, C-reactive protein as well as having more patients with over 20% improvement. The comparison of the circulating IL-10 and IL-12 at the entry and 16 weeks of the study showed significant decreases of IL-12(median-313 versrs -14 pg/ml, p=0.002) and a significant increase of IL-10 (median 55 versus-12 pg/ml, p <0.001) in the cyclosporine group compared with the placebo group. The degree of IL-10 increases strongly correlated with the degree of IL-12 decreases in the cyclosporine group (r=0.572, p=0.016). Among the cyclosporine group, the improved patients (n 10), compared to the non-improved patients (n=7), had higher rate of increase in the circulating IL-10 (median 172.0 versus 85.2%, p=0.01). The rate of increase of IL-10 strongly correlated with the rate of improvement of joint scores (r=0.718, p=0.001) after administration of cyclosporine. Conclusion : Our results suggest that the therapeuic effect of cyclosporine is achieved by correcting Th1/Th2 imbalance (a shift Th1 type to Th2 type), which may be in the pathogenesis of RA, and circulating IL-10 is useful to assess the clinical improvements in patients with RA after administration of cyclosporine. (Korean Journal of BRM 9(1):19-30, 1999)

Does Adding Diffuse Optical Tomography to Sonography Improve Differentiation Between Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions? : Observer Performance Study

La Yun, Bo,Kim, Sun Mi,Jang, Mijung,Ahn, Hye Shin,Lyou, Chae Yeon,Kim, Mi Sun,Kim, Sun Ah,Song, Tai-Kyong,Yoo, Yangmo,Chang, Jin Ho,Kim, Youngmi American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2015 Journal of ultrasound in medicine Vol.34 No.5

<P>Objectives-The purpose of this study was to investigate the added value of diffuse optical tomographic categories combined with conventional sonography for differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods-In this retrospective database review, we included 145 breast lesions (116 benign and 29 malignant) from 145 women (mean age, 46 years; range, 16-86 years). Five radiologists independently reviewed sonograms with and without a diffuse optical tomographic category. Each lesion was scored on a scale of 0% to 100% for suspicion of malignancy and rated according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification. Diagnostic performance was analyzed by comparing area under receiver operating characteristic curve values. Reader agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients. Results-In the multireader multicase receiver operating characteristic analysis, adding a diffuse optical tomographic category to sonography improved the diagnostic accuracy of sonography (mean areas under the curve, 0.923 for sonography alone and 0.969 for sonography with diffuse optical tomography; P = .039). The interobserver correlation was also improved (0.798 for sonography alone and 0.904 for sonography with diffuse optical tomography). The specificity increased for 4 reviewers from a mean of 19.5% to 45.8% (P < .001 for reviewers 1-4; P = .238 for reviewer 5) with no significant change in the sensitivity. When the diffuse optical tomographic category was applied strictly, the specificity increased for all reviewers from a mean of 19.5% to 68.3% (P < .001 for all reviewers) with no significant change in the sensitivity. Conclusions-The addition of diffuse optical tomographic categories to sonography may improve diagnostic performance and markedly decrease false-positive biopsy recommendations.</P>