소 수정란의 공배양 및 동결이 체외발생에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이종진,이명헌,남윤이,이만휘,이봉구,김상근 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1996 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

The studies on the carried out to investigate the effects of co-culture with cumulus cells and oviduct epithelial cells on the in vitro fertilization and cleavage rate of bovine follicular oocytes, and to determine the optimum thawing temperature and equilibration time of frozen bovine embryos and on survival rate and in vitro developmental rate of bovine embryos. The ovaries were obtained from slaughtered Korean native cows. The follicular oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium containing 10 IU/㎖의 PMSG(Sigma, USA), 10 IU/㎖의 hCG, 1 ㎍/㎖의 β-estradiol(Sigma, USA) and 10% FCS(Sigma, USA) for 24-48 hrs in incubator with 5% CO_2 in air at 38.5℃ and then matured oocytes were again cultured for 12-18 hrs with motile capacitated sperm by preincubation of heparin. The bovine embryos following dehydration by cryoprotective agents and a various concentrations of sucrose were directly plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed in 30℃ water. The results are summarized as followes : 1. The in vitro fertilization and in vitro developmental rates of bovine oocytes co-cultured with cumulus cells in TCM-199 media were 75.0%-76.8% and 17.3%-27.6%, respectively. And in-vitro fertilization rates of cumulus-enclosed oocytes(55.4%) were significantly(p<0.05) higher than cumulus-denuded oocytes(23.1%). 2. The in vitro fertilization and in vitro developmental rates of bovine oocytes co-cultured with 1 ×10^4 cells/㎖, 1 ×10^6 cells/㎖, 1 ×10^8 cells/㎖ and 1 ×10^15 cells/㎖ oviduct epithelial cells in TCM-199 media were 74.5%-77.8% and 15.7%-21.2%, respectively. 3. The in-vitro fertilization and in vitro developmental rates of bovine oocytes co-cultured in TCM-199 media containing PMSG, hCG, PMSG + hCG, PMSG + β-estradiol, hCG + β-estradiol 0 to 40 hrs after insemination were 74.0%-77.4% and 18.9% - 23.1, respectively. 4. The survival rates of bovine embryos thawed after rapid freezing in the media containing various kinds of cryoprotective agents added 0.25M and 0.50M sucrose were 14.7% - 35.1% and 17.6% - 31.6%, respectively. The survival rates of bovine embryos thawed after rapid freezing in the freezing media containing a various concentration of sucrose added 1.5M and 2.0M glycerol, 1.5M and 2.0M DMSO, and 1.5M and 2.0M propanediol were 23.5% -31.4% and 20.6% - 34.1%, respectively. 5. The temperature thawed at 30℃ after rapid freezing of bovine embryos resulted in a significantly higher embryos survival rate than did at 20℃ and 35℃. 6. The equilibration time on the survival rates of bovine embryos was attained after short period of time(2.5-5 min.) in the freezing medium higher than ling period of time(10-20min.).

한국인에게서 그레이브스병 약물치료의 적정기간

이형숙,이동훈,정희선,이종우,김정은,신승수,정윤석,이관우,김현만 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.1

연구배경: 그레이브스병의 치료에는 항갑상선제, 수술 및 방사성 요오드법이 선택되어 사용되고 있다. 이중 항갑상선제는 가장 많이 선호되고 있으나 낮은 관해율과 높은 재발율로 장기간 치료기간이 요구된다. 저자들은 그레이브스병 환자에게서, 선택되는 치료법의 선호도와 각 치료법의 관해율을 조사하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 항갑선제 치료의 적정기간을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 아주대학교병원에 내원한 환자 중 1년 이상 추적관찰이 가능한 205명의 그레이브스병 환자를 대상으로 조사하였다. 항갑상제군, 수술군 및 방사성 요오드군은 각각 170명, 29명 그리고 6명이었다. ROC curve를 이용하여 약물치료의 예후예측인자를 분석하였다. 결과: 1) 그레이브스병 환자의 치료 방법의 선택은 항갑상선제군, 수술군 및 방사성 요오드군 각각 170명(83.0%), 29명(14.1%) 그리고 6명(2.9%)으로 항갑상선제 치료가 가장 선호되었다. 2) 그레이브스병의 관해율은 항갑상선제군, 수술군 및 방사성 요오드군에서 각각 60.0%(102/170명), 96.5%(28/29명) 그리고 83.0%(5/6명)으로 수술군이 가장 높았다. 3) ROC curve의 AUC는 치료기간과 진단시 TBII가 각각 0.709 및 0.648이었고 적절한 약물투여 추적 관찰기간은 26개월이었다. 결론: 그레이브스병의 일차 치료법으로는 항갑상선제가 선호되고 있으나 수술 및 방사성 요오드 치료군에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 관해율을 보였다. 따라서 항갑상선제 치료로 26개월 이상 관해가 되지 않을 경우에는 치료 방법의 변경을 고려하는 것이 관해율을 높이는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. Background: Graves' disease in an organ specific autoimmune disease. Three kinds of therapeutic modalities (antithyroid drugs, ablation with radioactive iodine and subtotal thyroidectomy) are frequently performed for the management of this disease. The most popular therapeutic policy for the disease in Korea is antithyroid treatment. We analysed and compared the remission rates of all three modalities for Graves' disease, and evaluated the antithyroid modality to determine the correct duration of treatment. Subjects & Methods : The medical records of 205 patients with Graves' disease were reviewed. For the evaluation of the antithyroid modality medical treatment, antithyroid drugs were administered for more than 1 year. The prognostic factors associated with remission were analysed by means of an ROC curve. Results: 1) Of the 205 patients, proportions that received medical therapy, subtotal thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy were 83.0, 14.1 and 2.9%, respectively. 2) The remission rates of the medical therapy, surgery and radioiodine therapy were 60.0, 96.5 and 83.0%, respectively. 3) The remission rate of the medical therapy was associated with the duration of medication and TBII activity. The determined proper duration for the antithyroid treatment was 26 months from the ROC curve analysis. Conclusion: The above results suggest that the proper duration of antithyroid treatment for Graves' disease is 26 months, after which time the subtotal thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy should be considered if the disease has not remitted (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 18:24∼31, 2003).

북한의 테러지원 무기밀매 실태와 대응방안

이만종(Lee Man Jong) 한국공안행정학회 2012 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.21 No.1

이 연구는 북한의 테러지원 무기밀매 실태와 대응방안을 분석하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 북한의 불법경제활동의 실태, 배경과 특징, 북한의 테러지원 무기밀매의 파장과 대응방안을 살펴본 후 결론을 도출해보기로 한다. 사회주의체제내적 모순에 따른 경제난과 핵ㆍ생화학ㆍ미사일 등 대량살상무기 개발에 대한 국제사회(유엔안보리 등)의 제재 등 국내외적 압박의 지속에도 불구하고, 북한정권은 여전히 생존하고 있다. 북한이 무기밀매와 대량살상무기(WMD) 확산 이외에도 마약밀수, 위조담배 수출, 위조지폐 유통, 보험사기 등의 불법경제활동을 통해 얻는 수입은 무역을 통한 수입 전체의 40~50%에 육박하는데 이들은 대부분 현재에도 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 지난 2010년 8월초 발표된 미국의 대북제재로 다시 주목받고 있는 북한의 불법경제활동은 이러한 북한의 생존을 지탱하는 요소 중 하나이다. 경제시스템의 한계, 세계화의 효과, 유엔제재 등으로 가속화되고 있는 북한의 무기밀매와 대량살상무기(WMD) 확산 등과 같은 불법경제활동은 북한정권이 39호실을 중심으로 직접 주도하며, 최근에는 아시아 범죄조직들과 결탁하여 국제적 네트워크를 구축하는 특징을 보여 왔다. 이러한 불법행위는 김정일 사망 이후 김정은을 비롯한 정권 수뇌부의 권력을 강화하며, 북한의 또 다른 무기개발에 기여되어 국제안보에 위협을 야기 시키는 악순환으로 이어지고 있다. 또한 북한에 부과된 유엔제재의 영향력을 약화시키는 효과도 있다. 그러나 역설적으로 장기적으로는 정권의 통제력을 약화시키는 잠재요인으로 작용하게 될 것이다. 북한은 오랫동안 테러지원국으로서 국제테러단체에 인적ㆍ물적 지원을 해온 나라이고, 북한체제의 개혁ㆍ개방을 통해 '선(先)남조선혁명, 후(後)공산화통일'로 압축되는 대남전략에 있어서도 본질적인 변화를 보이지 않고 있다. 앞으로도 무기밀매와 대량살상무기(WMD) 확산 등과 같은 불법경제활동을 지속하는 한 테러조직과의 연계와 제3세계국가에 불법무기를 수출할 가능성도 지속될 것인바 미국과의 공조를 통해 이에 대한 철저한 군사적ㆍ외교적 대비태세를 강구해 나가야 할 것이다. 그러면서도 다른 한편으로 우리는 상생공영의 대북정책을 통해 북한이 양성적으로 외화를 벌어들이고 우리기업도 저렴한 인건비로 경쟁력있는 상품을 생산할 수 있는 남북 간에 상호 상생공영 할 수 있는 개성공단과 같은 남북 경제협력 사업을 지속적으로 발전시켜 나갈 수 있도록 하기 위한 노력도 병행해 나가야 할 것이다. This study is North Korea's support for terrorism against weapons trafficking status and counter-measure to analyze. To this end, reality of North Korea's illicit economic activity, background, features, support for North Korea's terrorist weapon trafficking, and then looked at the direction of the wavelength and to try to draw conclusions. Despite the Economic crisis based on internal contradictions of socialist system and weapons of mass destruction(Nuclear and Biochemistry and Missile, etc.), and the international community(UN Security Council, etc.), external pressure, the regime of North Korea is still alive. North Korea's weapons trafficking and weapons of mass destruction (WMD) proliferation in addition to drug trafficking, counterfeiting cigarette exports, counterfeit money distribution, insurance fraud and other illegal economic activities, revenues of the trading income of the entire 40 to 50 percent approaching for most of them is actively taking place even now. Early August to the last published in 2010 in the United States in sanctions against North Korea back to the attention of North Korea's illicit economic activities to sustain the survival of these North is one of the elements. Limitations of the economic system, the effects of globalization, accelerated due to UN sanctions on North Korea and weapons trafficking of weapons of mass destruction(WMD) proliferation as illegal economic activity, Dept. of 39 has led directly to the center room. In recent years, in collusion with organized crime in Asia to build an international network characteristics have been shown. these illegal activities strengthen the power of leadership of regime including Kim Jong-Eun since the death of Kim Jong-Il. These circumstances has been contributing to the development of other weapons of North Korea and pose a threat to international security, which has led to a vicious circle. In addition, UN sanctions imposed on North Korea's is weaken the influence. However, paradoxically, the long-term potential to weaken the regime's control will be acting. North Korea as state sponsors of terrorism for a long time for an international terrorist groups. The continued illegal economic activities such as weapons trafficking and weapons of mass destruction(WMD) proliferation continue to have a connection with a terrorist organization. We have to prepare through cooperation with the U.S. On the other hand, we win through policy of economic cooperation and our businesses must produce competitive products with cheap labor. In addition, North-South economic cooperation projects such as the Kaesong industrial complex to mutual coexistence between North and South ongoing so that will also need to be out concurrently.

김정은 체제의 치안통제와 인권문제

이만종(Lee Man Jong) 한국공안행정학회 2012 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.21 No.3

본 논문은 김정은 체제의 치안통제와 인권문제: 현황과 대응을 분석하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 문제의 제기, 김정은 체제의 사회통제와 내부단속, 악화된 북한의 인권상황, 북한의 치안통제ㆍ인권문제에 대한 대응방안, 결론 순으로 고찰해 본 것이다. 북한의 열악한 인권상황은 북한체제의 특성과 깊은 상관관계가 있다. 2012년 4월 권력승계의 공식화를 마무리한 김정은 정권은 경제난 속에서도 미사일 발사에 막대한 비용을 낭비하면서도 주민생활 개선에는 별다른 변화를 보이지 않고 있다. 또한 북한체제 치안유지차원에서는 탈북자에 대한 통제를 강화하고 있고, 공개처형을 지속하고 있으며, 정치범수용소에서는 여전히 인권유린이 자행되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 또한 북한은 김정은 정권의 안정화를 위한 주민통제와 내부단속을 강화하고 대내안정을 위한 남북대결구도를 활용하고 있다. 따라서 김정은 체제하의 치안확보를 강화하기 위해 북한의 주민통제와 인권문제에 대한 우리의 대응이 요구된다. 더구나 2012년 7월 18일 김정은에 대한 원수추대로 야기된 북한 내 권력 변화는 선군정치대신 남북관계의 개선에 긍정적 변화를 관측하기도 하지만 경험적으로 북한의 김정일을 위시한 수뇌부는 북한체제 내부결속이 필요하거나, 대북지원을 유도하는 가장 손쉬운 방법이 대남군사도발이라 생각해왔기 때문에 향후 김정은으로의 후계체제 완성을 위해서는 언제나 군사도발 방법을 배제할 수 없어 이에 대한 철저한 군사적 대비책이 요구된다. 또한 북한인권문제와 관련해서는 ① 장ㆍ단기 대북 인권정책의 수립 및 추진체계 재정립, ② 북한인권 핵심현안의 우선적 해결노력, ③ 북한인권개선을 위한 국제공조강화, ④ 북한인권개선을 위한 대내적 역량강화 등이 요구된다. 요컨대 북한인권의 개선 없이는 바람직한 민족공동체 형성도, 미래지향적 평화통일도 불가능하다. 따라서 우리 정부와 국민은 튼튼한 안보의 바탕 위에서 장ㆍ중ㆍ단기 종합적인 북한의 주민통제와 인권문제에 대한 개선대책을 마련하고 이를 일관되게 추진해 나가야 할 것이다. This paper is to analyze Kim Jeong-Eun regime's social control and human rights issues, focussing on theirs current situations and ROK's counter-measures. For the purpose of that this paper intend to search for introduction, Kim Jeong-Eun regime's social control and internal crackdown, worsening human rights situation in North Korea, ROK's counter-measures to North Korea's social control/human rights Issues, and conclusion. North Korea regime's poor human rights situation there is a strong correlation with the characteristics. Succession to power in April 2012 finalized the formulation of economic difficulties, despite the regime Kim Jeong-Eun missile launch massive waste of money but no change in the improvement of living conditions for residents have not seen. Regime in terms of policing and strengthen controls on refugees, and is continuing of public executions and concentration camps, human rights abuses still is a reality that has been carried out. In addition, North Korea Kim Jeong-Eun for the stabilization of the regime crackdown on residents to strengthen internal control and to stabilize domestic utilizes civil confrontation. So Kim Jeong-Eun improving security to strengthen the regimes of North Korea's population control and our response to human rights issues is required. July 18, 2012 More recently Kim Jung-Eun's enemies, instead of bolting the Civil Military First observation of the relationship may improve, but so far the leadership of the country, including North Korea's Kim Jong-il regime requires internal cohesion or aid the easiest way to induce South Korea military provocation as I have been think Kim Jeong-Eun in the future at any time for the completion of the succession times provocative military provocation because you can not deduct a thorough military preparedness is required for this. In addition, with regard to human rights issues and short-term planning and promotion of human rights policy toward North Korea redefine system, Human Rights in North Korea's first efforts to resolve key issues, strengthen international cooperation for improving human rights in North Korea, human rights capacity building for improving the Internally are required. In short, the improvement of human rights in North Korea without the formation of ethnic communities also desirable, even future peaceful reunification impossible. Therefore, our government and people on the basis of strong security Chapter of the short-term measures to improve human rights in North Korea provided a comprehensive and consistent it will move forward.

브랜드 권위성과 윤리성이 구매·추천의도에 미치는 영향에 있어서 브랜드 진정성의 매개효과

이종만(Jong Man Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2016 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.16 No.1

지금까지 브랜드 진정성에 관한 선행연구들은 브랜드 진정성을 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하는데 집중하여 왔다. 그러나 이제는 통합적인 시각에서 제안된 척도의 활용에 대한 고려가 필요할 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 브랜드 권위성과 윤리성이 구매·추천의도에 미치는 영향에 있어서 브랜드 진정성의 매개적 변수효과 모형을 개발하고 검증하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해 설문방법을 이용하였고, 분석을 위한 데이터는 직장인을 대상으로 수집한 총 136개의 데이터를 적용하였다. 그리고 자료의 분석은 구조방정식모형을 사용하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 브랜드 권위성과 윤리성은 구매추천의도에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 보다는, 브랜드 진정성을 매개로하여 영향을 미치는 것이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 브랜드 권위성과 윤리성은 브랜드 진정성에 영향을 미치는 주요 변수인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 직장인의 구매·추천의도에 대한 정보를 탐색함과 동시에 브랜드 관리 정책 수립에 있어서 브랜드 진정성의 중요성을 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다. Prior researches on brand authenticity so far have focused on the scale development for measuring brand authenticity. However, at the point of time it is necessary to consider the utilization of the proposed scale in an integrative approach. Accordingly, this study aims to examine brand authenticity mediated the effect of brand authority and ethicality on purchase and word-of-mouth intention. The survey method was used for this paper, and data from a total of 136 office workers were used for the analysis. And structural equation model was used to analyze the data. The results of this empirical study is summarized as followings. First, brand authority and ethicality do not have a direct effect on purchase and word-of-mouth intention but brand authenticity mediates the effect of brand authority and ethicality. Second, brand authority and ethicality have positive effect on brand authenticity. This study provides information on the purchase and word-of-mouth intention of salary man. Further, it will provide meaning suggestion point of the importance of brand authenticity in establishing the policy of brand management.

Incisional Hernia in Adult Liver Transplant Recipients

( Ji Soo Lee ),( Kyeong Sik Kim ),( Chan Woo Cho ),( Kyo Won Lee ),( Gyu-seoung Choi ),( Jong Man Kim ),( Choon Hyuck David Kwon ),( Jae-won Joh ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Incisional hernia is one of the complication following abdominal operation. Patients undergoing liver transplantation have a high risk of developing an incisional hernia because of immunosuppression. The purpose of this study is to review incisional hernia cases after liver transplantation and to identify the risk factors for hernia formation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the medical records of the ninety-four incisional hernia patients after liver transplant recipients from January 2000 to December 2015 in single center institution. Results: 1463 underwent adult liver transplantation during the study period. 94 Incisional hernia patients were found among them. The overall incisional hernia rate was 6.4 %. Mean age was 54 years old and 76.6 % were men. No significant difference was observed for sex, diagnosis, smoking, alcohol, albumin, Child-Pugh score, MELD score, intensive care unit stay, hepatorenal syndrome, ventilator, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, diabetes, bile leakage, wound problems between patients with incisional hernia and patients without incisional hernia. The characteristics of patients with incisional hernia showed old recipient, more body weight, higher body mass index, living donor recipient compared with patients without incisional hernia. Hypertension, tuberculosis, rejection, postoperative complication event before hernia were significant risk factor (p<0.05). Conclusions: Present study identifies the risk factors for incisional hernia. Surgeons should strive to reduce the risk of incisional hernia after adult liver transplantation.

위절제술 환자의 표준진료지침 개발 및 적용 효과

김은희,김철규,이순교,김순덕,이혜옥,권정순,이경미,이민미,심순미,유용만,신종식,강은희,이상일,김병식,오성태,육정환,박수길 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background : Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Korea. surgical operation is one of the major treatment modalities for gastric cancer patients. Therefore, gastrectomy is one of the most common procedures in General Surgery. There were variation in length of hospital stay and medical treatment for gastrectomy between three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. Clinical pathways have received considerable attention as a tool for recucing the medical practice variation, increasing the efficiency of care process, and improving the quality of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a clinical pathway for gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. Methods : The clinical pathway for gastrectomy was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary group in Asan Medical Center. A computerized clinical pathway program was developed and revised after a pilot test. A total of 145 patients underwent gastrectomy by three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. We compared the length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and unplanned readmission rate between the pre-pathway group(n=67) and the post-pathway group(n=78). We also investigated the degree of satisfaction among the physicians and nurses who were main end-users of the clinical pathway. Results : The clinical pathway was applied to all target patients. The average length of hospital stay was shortened from 12.7days to 10.6days(p<0.01). The degree of patient satisfaction with the care process changed from 90.3% to 89.2% after the implementation of the clinical pathway, but the difference was of satistically significant(p=0.761). Unplanned readmission rate was 2.9% in the pre-pathway group. More than 90% of physicians and nurses answered that the clinical pathway had been a useful tool in their medical practice. Conclusions : The findings of the study demonstrated that implementation of the clinical pathway for gastrectomy produced substantial reduction in the length of hospital stay while improving the quality of patient outcomes. The computerized clinical pathway program can be used as one of the powerful patient management tools for reducing the practice variations and increasing the efficiency of care process in Korea hospital settings.

연구논문 : 아마로 사용실태 및 향 선호도

김장순 ( Jang Soon Kim ),이종렬 ( Jong Ryol Lee ),박천만 ( Chun Man Park ) 한국미용학회 2006 한국미용학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for establishing a theory on aroma therapy by understanding Korean use and preference of aroma. The subjects of the study were 130 skin care specialists who worked for skin care salons and 410 general people in Daegu. The study was carried out through a questionnaire and inhalation test. The data were collected from September 1, 2003 to October 1, 2003. The result were as follows : 1. The rate of people who had experienced aroma less than 3 times was 40.5%. The rate of people who had not experienced aroma was 26.1%, who had experienced aroma massage was 33%, and who had inhaled aroma was 47.5%. The people who were older, wealthy, female, married, graduated from college were more experienced aroma(p<0.0l) and housewives in the thirties had more opportunities of experiencing aroma than other subjects. 2. General people preferred aroma Orange(66.3%) the most among 8 essential oils used in the test. The second preference was blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium and Lemon(26.1%). The third preference was the Lavender(25.8%). The order of preference in skin care specialists was Orange(83.3%), Lavender (48.8%), blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium and Lemon(42.9%), and blended oil with Lavender, Sandalwood, Ylangylang and Mandarin(26.2%). Both general people and skin care specialists disliked Teatree the most. 3. Lavender was more preferred by women than men (p<0.05) and Teatree was more preferred by men than women(p<0.0l). In particular, people in thirties liked Lavender the most(p<0.01). Teatree(p<0.001) and Sandalwood (p<0.05) were more preferred by married people than unmarried people. 4. The more educated people were, the more they liked the blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium, and Lemon(p<0.01). Housewives preferred Lavender(p<0.001) and Frankincense(p<0.05) and workers preferred Teatree(p<0. 001) and Sandalwood(p<0.05). As people were not healthy, they tended to prefer Teatree(p<0. 01) As people experienced essential oil, aroma massage and aroma inhalation more, they preferred Lavender and Frankincense. 5. Women`s average score was higher than men`s(women : 4.58, men: 4.18, total score: 6.0). Younger people more preferred aroma than older people(p<0.05). 6. 51.3% of specialists answered they used aroma for skin care less than one time a day, 35.7% of them used 2 or 3 times a day. 29.6% of specialists answered that the biggest difficulty in their work was the lack of knowledge of aroma. The next one was relationship with co-workers and pay(20.4%) and overwork was 13.9% 7. 37.3% of specialists had got massages 10~20 times from a skin care specialist and 31.7% of them had got massages less than 10 times. About experiencing aroma in everyday life, 42.9% of them experienced aroma 10~20 times and 28.6% of then experienced less then 10 times. 8. Generally, the more experienced people liked Lavender, Teatree, Sandalwood and Frankincense(p<0.05). 9. As a result of the survey on the specialists` preference, preferred oils were Lavender(22.4%), Rosemary (13.4%), Rose(10.1%), Jasmine(9.2%) and Orange(8.4%). Unpleasant oils were Teatree(16.0%), Yiangyiang(13.6%), Peppermint(9.9%) and Patchouli(8.6%). The specialists used Lavender the most (67.6%) in aroma therapy and used Rosemary(6.5%), Teatree(5.6%) and Peppermint(4.6%). In conclusion, the subjects` experience and knowledge of aroma were not high, and there was difference in preferences of aroma by their ages, gender, education, occupations, and experiences. However, both general people and the specialists had a difficulty in aroma use due to the lack of knowledge of aroma. So, if we apply aroma therapy to patients in consideration of their preferences, the best result will be expected. A systemic aroma education program for specialists is needed as soon as possible.

한국 주요정신장애의 유병률 및 관련요인 : 2006 전국정신질환역학조사

조맹제,장성만,함봉진,정인원,배안,이영문,안준호,원승희,손정우,홍진표,배재남,이동우,조성진,박종익,이준영,김진영,전홍진,이해우 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.3

Objectives The aims of this study are to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in the Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI), and to compare those with previous studies. Methods The Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area study Replication (KECA-R) was Conducted between August 2006 and April 2007. The sampling of the subjects was carried out across 12 catchment areas. A multistage, cluster sampling design was adopted. The target Population included all eligible residents aged 181o 64 years. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI) based on the DSM-IV (N=6,510, response rate=81.7%). Results A total of 6,510 participants completed the interview. The lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates for all types of DSM-IV disorders were 30.0% and 17.3%, respectively. Those of Specific disorders were as follows : 1) alcohol use disorder, 16.2% and 5.6% ; 2) nicotine use disorder, 9.0% and 6.0% ; 3) specific phobia, 3.8% and 3.4% ; 4) major depressive disorder, 5.6% and 2.5% ; and 5) generalized anxiety disorder, 1.6% and 0.8%. Data relating to nicotine and alcohol use disorder revealed a very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among females than males. Conclusion The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in the distribution of psychiatric disorders across the country and times were observed.

鐵棒運動에 있어서 흔들기 技術에 關한 小考

李鍾萬 釜山敎育大學 1986 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.22 No.1

The forward and backward swing in Horizontal Bar Exercise should begin with hanging posture and it should be passive hanging swing, which is dynamically reasonable. Besides, the following skills must be mastered: 1. The skill of firm grip of horizontal bar and that of reverse grip in forward and backward swing. 2. The skill of reaction and bending arms, which are used as starting postures in swing 3. The reaction skill which can increase the breadth of swing, and underswing skill. With these skills, Horizontal Bar Exercise can be more dynamic, because it is base'd on the rhythmical change between tension and relaxation. Furthermore it is certain that other swing skills can be developed as well.