단일 및 다중 라이시안 페이딩 채널에서 M-PSK 변조기술에서의 BER 유도

S.M. Shamsul Alam,최광석(GoangSeog Choi) 大韓電子工學會 2012 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.49 No.4

무선통신에서 페이딩은 피할 수 없는 문제이다. 그러므로 전송신호에 있어서는 BER 형태의 오류개념이 도입된다. 다른 페이딩 채널들 상에서 이러한 오류들의 동작을 인식하는 것이 필요하다. Coherent MPSK의 평균 BER에 대한 수학적인 해법을 얻기 위해서 몇 가지 기법들을 제안한다. 본 논문에서, 느리고 평탄한 라이시안 페이딩 채널 상에 diversity의 영향도 또한 분석되어진다. 여기서, 변조 지표 값 M은 변화하고 이 변화의 효과들 또한 묘사되어진다. 다양한 diversity 값과 페이딩 파라미터에 따른 성능 곡선들은 믿을 수 있는 통신 시스템을 위하여 무선 채널을 설계하고 평가하는데 유용하다. In wireless communication system, fading is an unavoidable problem. Hence, errors in form of BER are introduced with the transmitted signal. It is necessary to recognize the behavior of these errors in different fading channels. To obtain the mathematical solution for the average bit error rate(BER) of coherent MPSK, some techniques are presented. In this paper, the impact of diversity is also analyzed over slow and flat Rician fading channel. In here, the value of modulation index, M is varied and the effects of its variation are also depicted. So, these performance curves with different diversity values and fading parameter are useful to design and evaluate the radio channel for faithful communication system.

Principal Milk Components in Buffalo, Holstein Cross, Indigenous Cattle and Red Chittagong Cattle from Bangladesh

Islam, M.A.,Alam, M.K.,Islam, M.N.,Khan, M.A.S.,Ekeberg, D.,Rukke, E.O.,Vegarud, G.E. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.6

The aim of the present study was to get a total physical and chemical characterization and comparison of the principal components in Bangladeshi buffalo (B), Holstein cross (HX), Indigenous cattle (IC) and Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) milk. Protein and casein (CN) composition and type, casein micellar size (CMS), naturally occurring peptides, free amino acids, fat, milk fat globule size (MFGS), fatty acid composition, carbohydrates, total and individual minerals were analyzed. These components are related to technological and nutritional properties of milk. Consequently, they are important for the dairy industry and in the animal feeding and breeding strategies. Considerable variation in most of the principal components of milk were observed among the animals. The milk of RCC and IC contained higher protein, CN, ${\beta}$-CN, whey protein, lactose, total mineral and P. They were more or less similar in most of the all other components. The B milk was found higher in CN number, in the content of ${\alpha}_{s2}-$, ${\kappa}$-CN and ${\beta}$-lactalbumin, free amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, Ca and Ca:P. The B milk was also lower in ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin content and had the largest CMS and MFGS. Proportion of CN to whey protein was lower in HX milk and this milk was found higher in ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and naturally occuring peptides. Considering the results obtained including the ratio of ${\alpha}_{s1}-$, ${\alpha}_{s2}-$, ${\beta}$- and ${\kappa}$-CN, B and RCC milk showed best data both from nutritional and technological aspects.

Development of a compliant legged quadruped robot

Gor, M M,Pathak, P M,Samantaray, A K,Alam, K,Kumar, P,Anand, D,Vijay, P,Sarkar, R,Yang, J-M,Kwak, S W Springer-Verlag 2018 Sādhanā Vol.43 No.7

Neutral pion and η meson production at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

Acharya, S.,Acosta, F. T.-.,Adamová,, D.,Adolfsson, J.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahn, S. U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Al-Turany, M.,Alam, S. N.,Albuqu American Physical Society 2018 Physical review. C Vol.98 No.4

<P>Neutral pion and eta meson production in the transverse momentum range 1 < p(T) < 20 GeV/c have been measured at midrapidity by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in central and semicentral Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN = 2.76 TeV. These results were obtained using the photon conversion method as well as the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS) and Electromagnetic Calorimeter detectors. The results extend the upper p(T) reach of the previous ALICE pi(0) measurements from 12 to 20 GeV/c and present the first measurement of eta meson production in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. The eta/pi(0) ratio is similar for the two centralities and reaches at high p(T) a plateau value of 0.457 +/- 0.013(stat) +/- 0.018(syst) A suppression of similar magnitude for pi(0) and eta meson production is observed in Pb-Pb collisions with respect to their production in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. We discuss the results in terms of Next to Leading Order (NLO) pQCD predictions and hydrodynamic models. The measurements show a stronger suppression than observed at lower center-of-mass energies in the p T range 6 < p(T) < 10 GeV/c. For p(T) < 3 GeV/c, hadronization models describe the pi(0) results while for the eta some tension is observed.</P>

Soluble DPP-4 up-regulates toll-like receptors and augments inflammatory reactions, which are ameliorated by vildagliptin or mannose-6-phosphate

Lee, D.S.,Lee, E.S.,Alam, Md.M.,Jang, J.H.,Lee, H.S.,Oh, H.,Kim, Y.C.,Manzoor, Z.,Koh, Y.S.,Kang, D.G.,Lee, D.H. W.B.Saunders [etc.] 2016 clinical and experimental Vol.65 No.2

Objective: Studies have shown that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have anti-inflammatory effects. Soluble DPP-4 (sDPP-4) has been considered as an adipokine of which actions need to be further characterized. Methods: We investigated the pro-inflammatory actions of sDPP-4 and the anti-inflammatory effects of DPP-4 inhibition, using vildagliptin, as an enzymatic inhibitor, and mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) as a competitive binding inhibitor. Results: In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, vildagliptin suppressed the increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and phosphorylated JNK (pJNK), activation of the NF-κB pathway, and the resultant NO and proinflammatory cytokine production. Although sDPP-4 alone did not affect the protein level of iNOS or pJNK or the production of NO in RAW264.7 cells, it did amplify iNOS expression, NO responses, and proinflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated RAW264 cells. As a probable mechanism, we found that sDPP-4 caused dose-dependent increases in the expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 in RAW264.7 cells, and that these alterations were inhibited by vildagliptin, M6P, or bisindolylmaleimide II, a protein kinase C inhibitor. Either vildagliptin or M6P suppressed iNOS expression and NO and cytokine production in LPS+DPP-4-co-stimulated macrophages, while combined treatment of the co-stimulated cells with both agents had increased anti-inflammatory effects compared with either treatment alone. Intravenous injection of sDPP-4 to C57BL/6J mice increased the expression of both TLRs in kidney and white adipose tissues. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that sDPP-4 enhances inflammatory actions via TLR pathway, while DPP-4 inhibition with either an enzymatic or binding inhibitor has anti-inflammatory effects.

Synthesis of Tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based Azetidinones & Thiazolidinones as Potent Antibacterial & Antifungal Agents

Shiv Kumar,S. A. Khan,Ozair Alam,Rizwan Azim,Atul Khurana,M. Shaquiquzzaman,Nadeem Siddiqui,Waquar Ahsan 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

4-Chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (III) was synthesized by azide (2+3) cycloaddition of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (II). Compound (III) on further refluxing with hydrazine hydrate furnished 4-hydrazinotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (IV). Further refluxing of (IV) with different aromatic aldehydes in methanol yielded corresponding Schiff’s bases V(a-j). Various 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based azetidinones VII(a-j) were synthesized by stirring the compounds V(a-j), at low temperature, with equimolar mixture of chloroacetylchloride & triethylamine in dry benzene, while 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based thiazolidinones VIII(a-j) were synthesized by refluxing Schiff’s bases V(a-j) with thioglycolic acid in oil-bath. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed on the basis of ^1H-NMR & FT-IR spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae & P. aeruginosa & antifungal activity against C. albicans. Few of them have exhibited the promising activity.

Synthesis of Tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based Azetidinones & Thiazolidinones as Potent Antibacterial & Antifungal Agents

Kumar, Shiv,Khan, S.A.,Alam, Ozair,Azim, Rizwan,Khurana, Atul,Shaquiquzzaman, M.,Siddiqui, Nadeem,Ahsan, Waquar Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

4-Chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (III) was synthesized by azide (2+3) cycloaddition of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (II). Compound (III) on further refluxing with hydrazine hydrate furnished 4-hydrazinotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (IV). Further refluxing of (IV) with different aromatic aldehydes in methanol yielded corresponding Schiff's bases V(a-j). Various 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based azetidinones VII(a-j) were synthesized by stirring the compounds V(a-j), at low temperature, with equimolar mixture of chloroacetylchloride & triethylamine in dry benzene, while 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based thiazolidinones VIII(a-j) were synthesized by refluxing Schiff's bases V(a-j) with thioglycolic acid in oil-bath. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed on the basis of $^1H$-NMR & FT-IR spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae & P. aeruginosa & antifungal activity against C. albicans. Few of them have exhibited the promising activity.

BER Derivation of M-PSK ModulationTechnique for Single and Multiple Racian Fading Channel

샴슐 알람,최광석,Alam, S.M. Shamsul,Choi, Goang-Seog The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2012 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.40 No.9

무선통신에서 페이딩은 피할 수 없는 문제이다. 그러므로 전송신호에 있어서는 BER 형태의 오류개념이 도입된다. 다른 페이딩 채널들 상에서 이러한 오류들의 동작을 인식하는 것이 필요하다. CoherentMPSK의 평균 BER에 대한 수학적인 해법을 얻기 위해서 몇 가지 기법들을 제안한다. 본 논문에서, 느리고 평탄한 라이시안 페이딩 채널 상에 diversity의 영향도 또한 분석되어진다. 여기서, 변조 지표 값 M은 변화하고 이 변화의 효과들 또한 묘사되어진다. 다양한 diversity값과 페이딩 파라미터에 따른 성능 곡선들은 믿을 수 있는 통신 시스템을 위하여 무선 채널을 설계하고 평가하는데 유용하다. In wireless communication system, fading is an unavoidable problem. Hence, errors in form of BER are introduced with the transmitted signal. It is necessary to recognize the behavior of these errors in different fading channels. To obtain the mathematical solution for the average bit error rate(BER) of coherent MPSK, some techniques are presented. In this paper, the impact of diversity is also analyzed over slow and flat Rician fading channel. In here, the value of modulation index, M is varied and the effects of its variation are also depicted. So, these performance curves with different diversity values and fading parameter are useful to design and evaluate the radio channel for faithful communication system.

Correlated Event-by-Event Fluctuations of Flow Harmonics in Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

Adam, J.,Adamová,, D.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, S.,Ahn, S. U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Alam, S. N.,Albuquerque, D. S. D.,Aleksandrov, D.,Aless American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review Letters Vol.117 No.18

<P>We report the measurements of correlations between event-by-event fluctuations of amplitudes of anisotropic flow harmonics in nucleus-nucleus collisions, obtained for the first time using a new analysis method based on multiparticle cumulants in mixed harmonics. This novel method is robust against systematic biases originating from nonflow effects and by construction any dependence on symmetry planes is eliminated. We demonstrate that correlations of flow harmonics exhibit a better sensitivity to medium properties than the individual flow harmonics. The new measurements are performed in Pb-Pb collisions at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of root S-NN = 2.76 TeV by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The centrality dependence of correlation between event-by-event fluctuations of the elliptic v(2) and quadrangular v(4) flow harmonics, as well as of anticorrelation between v(2) and triangular v(3) flow harmonics are presented. The results cover two different regimes of the initial state configurations: geometry dominated (in midcentral collisions) and fluctuation dominated (in the most central collisions). Comparisons are made to predictions from Monte Carlo Glauber, viscous hydrodynamics, AMPT, and HIJING models. Together with the existing measurements of the individual flow harmonics the presented results provide further constraints on the initial conditions and the transport properties of the system produced in heavy-ion collisions.</P>

ϒ suppression at forward rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at _{s NN} = 5.02 TeV

Acharya, S.,Acosta, F.T.,Adamová,, D.,Adolfsson, J.,Aggarwal, M.M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahn, S.U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Al-Turany, M.,Alam, S.N.,Albuquerque, Elsevier 2019 Physics letters: B Vol.790 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inclusive ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) production have been measured in Pb–Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon pair <SUB> s NN </SUB> = 5.02 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The ϒ mesons are reconstructed in the centre-of-mass rapidity interval 2.5 < y < 4 and in the transverse-momentum range <SUB> p T </SUB> < 15 GeV/<I>c</I>, via their decays to muon pairs. In this Letter, we present results on the inclusive ϒ(1S) nuclear modification factor <SUB> R AA </SUB> as a function of collision centrality, transverse momentum and rapidity. The ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) <SUB> R AA </SUB> , integrated over the centrality range 0–90%, are 0.37 ± 0.02 ( stat ) ± 0.03 ( syst ) and 0.10 ± 0.04 ( stat ) ± 0.02 ( syst ) , respectively, leading to a ratio R AA ϒ ( 2S ) / R AA ϒ ( 1S ) of 0.28 ± 0.12 (stat) ± 0.06 (syst) . The observed ϒ(1S) suppression increases with the centrality of the collision and no significant variation is observed as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity.</P>