Synthesis of full concentration gradient cathode studied by high energy X-ray diffraction

Li, Yan,Xu, Rui,Ren, Yang,Lu, Jun,Wu, Huiming,Wang, Lifen,Miller, Dean J.,Sun, Yang-Kook,Amine, Khalil,Chen, Zonghai Elsevier 2016 Nano energy Vol.19 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nickel-rich metal oxides have been widely pursued as promising cathode materials for high energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Nickel-rich lithium transition metal oxides can deliver a high specific capacity during cycling, but can react with non-aqueous electrolytes. In this work, we have employed a full concentration gradient (FCG) design to provide a nickel-rich core to deliver high capacity and a manganese-rich outer layer to provide enhanced stability and cycle life. <I>In situ</I> high-energy X-ray diffraction was utilized to study the structural evolution of oxides during the solid-state synthesis of FCG lithium transition metal oxide with a nominal composition of LiNi<SUB>0.6</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.2</SUB>Co<SUB>0.2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. We found that both the pre-heating step and the sintering temperature were critical in controlling phase separation of the transition metal oxides and minimizing the content of Li<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> and NiO, both of which deteriorate the electrochemical performance of the final material. The insights revealed in this work can also be utilized for the design of other nickel-rich high energy-density cathode materials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Solid-state synthesis of FCG cathode is investigated by <I>in situ</I> XRD. </LI> <LI> Covariance analysis and Rietveld refinement are used to analyze the HEXRD data. </LI> <LI> Synthetic optimization of FCG cathode with excellent electrochemical performance. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Benefit from the covariance analysis and Rietveld refinement of <I>in situ</I> HEXRD data during the solid state synthesis, we can optimized the solid state synthesis conditions in a short time. And the full concentration gradient cathode composites (nickel-rich core and manganese-rich outer layer) with excellent electrochemical performance are obtained.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Recent Development in the Rate Performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂

Lin, Chunfu,Xin, Yuelong,Cheng, Fuquan,Lai, Man On,Zhou, Henghui,Lu, Li The Korean Vacuum Society 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.2

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become popular electrochemical devices. Due to the unique advantages of LIBs in terms of high operating voltage, high energy density, low self-discharge, and absence of memory effects, their application range, which was primarily restricted to portable electronic devices, is now being extended to high-power applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs). Among various anode materials, $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ (LTO) is believed to be a promising anode material for high-power LIBs due to its advantages of high working potential and outstanding cyclic stability. However, the rate performance of LTO is limited by its intrinsically low electronic conductivity and poor $Li^+$ ion diffusion coefficient. This review highlights the recent progress in improving the rate performance of LTO through doping, compositing, and nanostructuring strategies.

Current state of research about acupuncture for the treatment of COVID-19: A scoping review

Chen Chen,Jie Zhan,Hao Wen,Xiaojing Wei,Lu Ding,Chenyang Tao,Cui Li,Peiming Zhang,Yuyuan Tang,Jing-chun Zeng,Li-ming Lu 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.-

Background Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), acupuncture has been widely used in the treatment of COVID-19. The research community has responded rapidly and has already published many research articles about this topic. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library as well as CNKI, Wanfang and VIP from January 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021. The dates of publication, language of publication, methodological characteristics and the key findings were analyzed separately. The data are presented as bar graphs, structured tables and figures. Results In this scoping review, 16 research articles were included: 7 case reports, 6 observational studies, 1 review, 1 RCT and 1 nonrandomized clinical trial. The majority of the articles (81.3%) were published by Chinese scholars, 12.5% articles were by scholars in the United States, and 6.3% articles were by scholars in Iran. The included studies reported that acupuncture could alleviate the symptoms of COVID-19 patients, shorten their hospitalization days, and is effective for the elderly. There were no side effects reported. The most frequent acupoints used were LI4, PC6, ST36 and KI3. They reported many obstacles in implementing acupuncture therapy for treating COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Acupuncture has a good effect for the treatment of COVID-19, but high-quality evidence support is still lacking. Coupled with the difficulties that acupuncturists experienced during the process of treatment, the promotion of acupuncture treatment for COVID-19 faces many obstacles. Background Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), acupuncture has been widely used in the treatment of COVID-19. The research community has responded rapidly and has already published many research articles about this topic. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library as well as CNKI, Wanfang and VIP from January 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021. The dates of publication, language of publication, methodological characteristics and the key findings were analyzed separately. The data are presented as bar graphs, structured tables and figures. Results In this scoping review, 16 research articles were included: 7 case reports, 6 observational studies, 1 review, 1 RCT and 1 nonrandomized clinical trial. The majority of the articles (81.3%) were published by Chinese scholars, 12.5% articles were by scholars in the United States, and 6.3% articles were by scholars in Iran. The included studies reported that acupuncture could alleviate the symptoms of COVID-19 patients, shorten their hospitalization days, and is effective for the elderly. There were no side effects reported. The most frequent acupoints used were LI4, PC6, ST36 and KI3. They reported many obstacles in implementing acupuncture therapy for treating COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Acupuncture has a good effect for the treatment of COVID-19, but high-quality evidence support is still lacking. Coupled with the difficulties that acupuncturists experienced during the process of treatment, the promotion of acupuncture treatment for COVID-19 faces many obstacles.

Aprotic and Aqueous Li–O₂ Batteries

Lu, Jun,Li, Li,Park, Jin-Bum,Sun, Yang-Kook,Wu, Feng,Amine, Khalil American Chemical Society 2014 Chemical reviews Vol.114 No.11

<P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/chreay/2014/chreay.2014.114.issue-11/cr400573b/production/images/medium/cr-2013-00573b_0033.gif'></P>

Lipolysis Effect of Daucosterol Isolated from Mulberry (Morus alba) Leaves

Ke Li1(이커),Mi Lim Lee(이미림),Lu Que(루쿼),Mae Li(이매),Jum Soon Kang(강점순),Yung Hyun Choi(최영현),Kyung Mi Kim(김경미),Jae-Chul Jung(정재철),Dae Youn Hwang(황대연),Young Whan Choi(최영환) 한국생명과학회 2017 생명과학회지 Vol.27 No.12

뽕나무는 약 40여 속과 1,000여 종이 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 항염증, 항진정, 지사작용, 노화억제 및 신경보호작용이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 아시아 지역에서 전통 한약재로 사용되는 뽕 나무 잎의 지방분해 활성에 관여하고 있는 물질을 스크린하기 위하여 뽕잎 분말을 헥산, 에틸 아세테이트 및 메탄올로 순차 추출하였다. 뽕 잎의 EtOAc 추출물로부터 daucosterol이 순수분리 되었으며, 그 구조는 1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HSQC 및 HMBC 등의 NMR스펙트럼 분석에 의해 밝혀졌다. Daucosterol은 농도 의존적으로 지질분해 효과를 나타내었는데, 본 연구의 결과로부터 뽕나무 잎으로부터 순수분리한 daucosterol의 지분분해 활성은 다양한 질병을 치료하기 위한 천연물 소재 또는 지표성분으로서 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 보다 효율적으로 이용하기 위해서는 daucosterol의 비만에 관한 생리활성 기작에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다. Plants are reservoirs of naturally occurring chemical compounds and of structurally diverse bioactive molecules. The aim of this investigation was to screen for the presence of phytochemicals responsible for the lipolysis activity in mulberry (Morus alba) leaves, which are important in traditional Asian medicinal plants. Powdered mulberry leaves were extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Daucosterol was isolated from the EtOAc extract of mulberry leaves, and its structure was elucidated by NMR spectral analyses. The NMR assignments for the compound were determined using 1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC NMR spectral data. Daucosterol showed a concentration-dependent lipolysis activity that may impart medicinal properties that can be exploited by medical practitioners for the treatment of various diseases. However, further studies should be conducted to elucidate additional mechanisms of daucosterol.

Recent Development in the Rate Performance of Li4Ti5O12

Chunfu Lin,Li Lu,Yuelong Xin,Fuquan Cheng,Man On Lai,Henghui Zhou 한국진공학회 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.2

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become popular electrochemical devices. Due to the unique advantages of LIBs in terms of high operating voltage, high energy density, low self-discharge, and absence of memory effects, their application range, which was primarily restricted to portable electronic devices, is now being extended to high-power applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs). Among various anode materials, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is believed to be a promising anode material for high-power LIBs due to its advantages of high working potential and outstanding cyclic stability. However, the rate performance of LTO is limited by its intrinsically low electronic conductivity and poor Li+ ion diffusion coefficient. This review highlights the recent progress in improving the rate performance of LTO through doping, compositing, and nanostructuring strategies.

Recent Development in the Rate Performance of Li4Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>

Chunfu Lin,Yuelong Xin,Fuquan Cheng,Man On Lai,Henghui Zhou,Li Lu 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.2

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become popular electrochemical devices. Due to the unique advantages of LIBs in terms of high operating voltage, high energy density, low self-discharge, and absence of memory effects, their application range, which was primarily restricted to portable electronic devices, is now being extended to high-power applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs). Among various anode materials, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is believed to be a promising anode material for high-power LIBs due to its advantages of high working potential and outstanding cyclic stability. However, the rate performance of LTO is limited by its intrinsically low electronic conductivity and poor Li<SUP>+</SUP> ion diffusion coefficient. This review highlights the recent progress in improving the rate performance of LTO through doping, compositing, and nanostructuring strategies.

Britanin Suppresses IgE/Ag-Induced Mast Cell Activation by Inhibiting the Syk Pathway

( Yue Lu1 ),( Xian Li ),( Young Na Park ),( Okyun Kwon ),( Donggen Piao ),( Young Chae Chang ),( Cheorl Ho Kim ),( Eunkyung Lee ),( Jong Keun Son ),( Hyeun Wook Chang ) 한국응용약물학회 2014 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.22 No.3

The aim of this study was to determine whether britanin, isolated from the flowers of Inula japonica (Inulae Flos), modulates the generation of allergic inflammatory mediators in activated mast cells. To understand the biological activity of britanin, the authors investigated its effects on the generation of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), leukotriene C4 (LTC4), and degranulation in IgE/Ag-induced bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Britanin dose dependently inhibited degranulation and the generations of PGD2 and LTC4 in BMMCs. Biochemical analyses of IgE/Ag-mediated signaling pathways demonstrated that britanin suppressed the phosphorylation of Syk kinase and multiple downstream signaling processes, including phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1)-mediated calcium influx, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs; extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38), and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest britanin suppresses degranulation and eicosanoid generation by inhibiting the Syk-dependent pathway and britanin might be useful for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases.

웹 서버 보안 취약점 점검 방안 연구 동향

나현혜,이루리,이지윤,윤지혜,김윤정 서울여자대학교 컴퓨터과학연구소 2011 정보기술논문지 Vol.9 No.-

본 논문에서는 웹서버 보안 취약점 점검 방안에 대한 연구 동향을 조사하고 분석한다. 우선, 한국인터넷진흥원 인터넷침해대응센타에서 발표한 웹 취약점 공격동향에 대하여 살펴본다. 다음으로, 취약점 점검 항목에는 어떠한 것들이 있는지에 대해 소개하고, 예상 공격 시나리오와 그 공격들을 방어하는 방법에 대해 설명한다. 이들 점건 항목들은 주로 OWASO(Open Web Application Security Project)를 기반으로 한다. 그리고, 현재 이용되고 있는 웹 서버 보안 취약점 점건 도구들에 대하여 살펴본다. 본 연구 결과를 이용하여 웹서버를 안전하게 관리함으로써, 안전한 컴퓨터 및 네트워크 환경에 기여하고자 한다.

A new bismuth vanadate photocatalyst of Bi₂₃V₄O_44.5 nanoplates with layered δ-Bi₂O₃ based fluorite-type superstructures

Lu, Yuting,Chen, Luyang,Li, Yuze,Xie, Hongde,Cheng, Han,Jin Seo, Hyo Elsevier 2016 Materials letters Vol.164 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The work reports the large-scale synthesis and photocatalytic activity of Bi<SUB>23</SUB>V<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>44.5</SUB> nanoplates. The structural refinement was conducted in the layered δ-Bi<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> based superstructuLre. The detailed surface properties were characterized. Bi<SUB>23</SUB>V<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>44.5</SUB> shows efficient absorption in visible region with a band-gap of 2.384eV from the hybridization of Bi-6s and O-2p orbitals. Particularly, Bi<SUB>23</SUB>V<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>44.5</SUB> shows an efficient photodegradation for methylene blue (MB). The photocatalysis benefits from the layered B–O structure characteristic and the codoped defects of V<SUP>4+</SUP>/V<SUP>5+</SUP> ions in the lattices. Bi<SUB>23</SUB>V<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>44.5</SUB> nanoplates could be a potential photocatalyst.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Bi<SUB>23</SUB>V<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>44.5</SUB> nanoplates were prepared by the Pechini method. </LI> <LI> It has a narrow band-gap of 2.384eV from hybridization of Bi-6s and O-2p. </LI> <LI> Bi<SUB>23</SUB>V<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>44.5</SUB> has photocatalysis report visible-light-irradiation. </LI> <LI> Photocatalysis is due to layered δ-Bi<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-like structure and codoped V<SUP>4+</SUP>/V<SUP>5+</SUP> ions. </LI> </UL> </P>