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Expression of influenza virus neuraminidase on tobacco for edible vaccine development
Lee, Kyung-Real,Lee, Sukchan 성균관대학교 생명공학연구소 2000 生命工學硏究 Vol.6 No.1
Oral vaccine is the vaccine which can immunize against antigen proteins by means of putting them by orally. Especially, it has recently been studying about 'edible vaccine' which able to give immunity against antigen proteins by just eating plants produced them, no purification. The merits of this are economical, saving manpowers and more efficient preventing diseases. We made plans for expression of neuraminidase (NA), antigen protein o finfluenza virus, on to tobacco plants using agrobacterium transformation to examine production of edible vaccine. Putative transgenic tobaccos were regenerated and 1.4kb of NA-RNA were found from the total RNA of transplants using RT-PCR. Further experiments are attempted to raise stability of expression targeting into ER or chloroplast and to confime edible vaccine production by bioassay using plant diets.
Wafer-Scale Growth of Single-Crystal Monolayer Graphene on Reusable Hydrogen-Terminated Germanium
Lee, Jae-Hyun,Lee, Eun Kyung,Joo, Won-Jae,Jang, Yamujin,Kim, Byung-Sung,Lim, Jae Young,Choi, Soon-Hyung,Ahn, Sung Joon,Ahn, Joung Real,Park, Min-Ho,Yang, Cheol-Woong,Choi, Byoung Lyong,Hwang, Sung-Woo American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2014 Science Vol.344 No.6181
<P><B>Smoothing Graphene</B></P><P>Several methods have been reported for the growth of monolayer graphene into areas large enough for integration into silicon electronics. However, the electronic properties of the graphene are often degraded by grain boundaries and wrinkles. <B>Lee <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 286, published online 3 April) showed that flat, single crystals of monolayer graphene can be grown by chemical-vapor deposition on silicon wafers covered by a germanium layer that aligns the grains. The graphene can be dry-transferred to other substrates, and the germanium layer can be reused for further growth cycles.</P>
이경렬 ( Kyung Real Lee ),김두한 ( Doo Hwan Kim ),윤문수 ( Moon Soo Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2007 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.45 No.4
Background: Bowen`s disease is a challenging condition to treat because lesions often affect the elderly who are usually intolerable to invasive treatment modalities and lesions are often located at sites that heal poorly. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of Bowen`s disease. Methods: Eleven patients with biopsy-proven Bowen`s disease were treated with once-daily or twice-daily self-application of 5% imiquimod cream for a maximum of 16 weeks. Results: Nine of ten (90%) patients who completed the treatment schedule showed complete clinicopathologic regression. One (11%) patient showed recurrence of Bowen`s disease on the treated site. 5% imiquimod cream was generally well-tolerated and no serious side effects were observed. Conclusion: 5% imiquimod cream appears to be an effective modality for treatment of Bowen`s disease and might represent a valuable alternative to surgery or other invasive treatment methods. (Korean J Dermatol 2007;45(4):338~344)
이시윤(Siyoon Lee) 중앙승가대학교 불교학연구원 2019 불교와 사회 Vol.11 No.2
불교는 능동적 종교인가 수동적 종교인가? 본 연구는 불교에 대한 본질주의적 접근을 피하고, 사회학적인 관점에서 불교 공동체들이 주어진 사회적 맥락 하에서 어떻게 사회와 관계맺음을 하고 있는지 구체적 사례를 통해 탐색하고자 한다. 특히 공동체의 재생산에 직결되는 청년 신자들의 문화를 이해하기 위해 서울 시내 3개 대학교 내 불교학생회들의 현황 조사와 성원들과의 인터뷰가 수행되었다. 사회의 축소판인 대학 내 경쟁적 종교환경 속에서 최근 대부분의 불교학생회들은 무기력을 겪고 있다. 그 원인과 동학을 이해하기 위해 본 연구는 기본적으로 종교시장이론의 개념틀을 사용하되, 그 한계를 보완하기 위해 인터뷰를 통해 불교학생회 성원들이 공유하고 있는 내러티브를 분석했다. 그 결과, 불교학생회들의 무기력의 중요한 원인으로 이들이 공유하고 있는 특유의 ‘불교는 강요하지 않는다’는 내러티브를 발견할 수 있었다. 이는 경쟁적인 대학교 종교환경 내에서 다른 종교에 대비되는 일종의 비교우위를 획득하면서 새로운 성원이 소수 유입되게 하는 긍정적 효과를 낳기도 한다. 그러나 불교 교리 중 한 측면만을 강조하여 일반화하는 이 내러티브는 성원들의 적극적인 상황 타개 노력을 조기에 좌절시키면서 궁극적으로 반복되는 무기력한 불교학생회 운영의 주원인이 되고 있다. Is the nature of Buddhism active or passive? Avoiding the essentialistic approach to Buddhism, from a sociological perspective, this study investigates how the Buddhist community interacts with society in a specific given context through the concrete case study. For this, the research of the current state of the organizations and the interview with the member was taken at three universities in Seoul area. These days, Buddhist student organizations are suffering the lethargy under the university’s religious environment which is considerable as a microcosm of the entire society. To understand this phenomenon, this study basically uses the conception of religious market theory, but for overcoming its limitations, the analysis of narrative shared among the members was taken. Consequently, the unique narrative of ‘Buddhists do not bother’, which is the main cause of the lethargy of Buddhist students was evaluated. This narrative might bring the positive effect which can attract a few newcomers into their gathering attaining some relative advantage in the university’s competitive religious environment. However, this narrative which is weighing and generalizing the skewed facet of Buddhism also frustrates the intention of active effort to improve the current situation in earliest stage, which eventually results in the repetitive lethargic management of organizations.
( Sang Eun Lee ),( Ji Young Choi ),( Kyung Tai Hong ),( Kyung Real Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2
Background: There is no gold standard for the treatment of benign melanocytic nevi for cosmetic purpose. Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined treatment with short-pulsed Er:YAG and long-pulsed alexandrite laser for acquired melanocytic nevi (AMN) and small congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN). Methods: 58 AMN and 7 small CMN in 24 Korean patients were treated with Er:YAG laser followed by long-pulsed alexandrite laser at 1-month interval. Results: At 8-week follow-up, all treated nevi showed complete removal of pigmentation and a mean overall improvement score by physician’s global assessment was 3.6±0.7 according to a quartile grading scale. The mean number of treatment sessions was 1.5 ± 0.3 in CMN which was significantly greater than that of junctional (1.1 ± 0.2) or compound (1.2 ± 0.5) AMN. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (4.6%), erythema (9.2%), hypertrophic scar (1.5%), and mild atrophic scar (10.8%) were observed, but all resolved within 6 months except hypertrophic scar and one atrophic scar occurred in treated CMN. Pigment recurrence was observed in one CMN (1.5%) at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: The combined treatment with Er:YAG and long-pulsed alexandrite laser is effective in the removal of small benign melanocytic nevi with minimal adverse effects and low recurrence rates.
Lee, Dong-Geol,Park, Ji-Min,Kang, Heecheol,Hong, So-Young,Lee, Kyung Real,Chang, Hung-Bae,Trujillo, Martha E. International Union of Microbiological Societies 2013 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.63 No.9
<P>A novel bacterial strain, designated LCJ02<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated on R2A agar from donkey (<I>Equus asinus</I>) milk powder and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain LCJ02<SUP>T</SUP> showed a Gram-negative reaction, was non-motile, non-spore-forming and possessed rod-shaped cells and yellow-pigmented colonies. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel isolate formed a cluster with several uncultured bacterial clones and with cultured members of the genera <I>Hydrotalea</I>, <I>Sediminibacterium</I> and <I>Lacibacter</I> (family <I>Chitinophagaceae</I>, phylum <I>Bacteroidetes</I>). The gene sequence similarities with respect to the type strains of recognized species from the above genera and other phylogenetic neighbours ranged from 89.3 to 92.9 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.2 mol%, the only isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB>, iso-C<SUB>17 : 0</SUB> 3-OH, iso-C<SUB>15 : 1</SUB> G and summed feature 3 (C<SUB>16 : 1</SUB>ω7<I>c</I> and/or iso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB> 2-OH). The major polar lipids of strain LCJ02<SUP>T</SUP> were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and five unidentified lipids. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain LCJ02<SUP>T</SUP> from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. On the basis of the evidence of this polyphasic study, isolate LCJ02<SUP>T</SUP> represents a novel genus and species in the family <I>Chitinophagaceae</I> for which the name <I>Asinibacterium lactis</I> gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LCJ02<SUP>T</SUP> ( = KCCM 90108<SUP>T</SUP> = JCM 18484<SUP>T</SUP>).</P>
구형파 2-Hall Sensor를 사용한 영구자석형 동기전동기의 센서리스 제어시의 위치오차 보정
김경민(Kyung-Min Kim),이정효(Jung-Hyo Lee),공태웅(Tae-Woong Kong),황춘환(Chun-Hwan Hwang),이원철(Woncheol Lee),원충연(Chung-Yuen Won),김영렬(Young Real Kim) 전력전자학회 2008 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Generally, because of the cost and the restricted manufacture standard, the motor control for home appliance have been used the method using hall sensors or the sensorless method. In the conventional sensorless method using home appliance, the resistor and the back-EMF coefficient are varied by the motor speed and the load torque. Therefore, these variations cause the position error when the sensorless control is operated. This paper proposes the compensation method for sensorless position error using 2-hall sensor pulse signals.