식사대용 식품(Ready-to-eat meals) 중 병원성 세균의 분포와 항생제 감수성 양상

홍은경,김윤아,이도경,강병용,하남주,Hong, Eun-Kyung,Kim, Yun-A,Lee, Do-Kyung,Kang, Byung-Yong,Ha, Nam-Joo 한국미생물학회 2006 미생물학회지 Vol.42 No.4

본 연구에서는 2005년 11월부터 2006년 3월 초까지 497개의 초밥, 김밥, 샌드위치 등의 식사대용 식품 검체를 수거하여 식품공전을 토대로 식사대용 식품에서 유래되는 미생물학적 인 오염도를 조사하고, 현대 사회에서 항생제 사용의 오남용으로 항생제 내성이 심각한 상황을고려하여 분리된 균에 대한 항생제 감수성 양상에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 수거된 검체를 실험한 결과 김밥에서 4개(1.4%)의 Escherichia coli가 분리되었고, 초밥, 샌드위치 등에서는 분리되지 앓았다. 또한 김밥에서 12개(4.4%), 초밥에서 8개(5.4%), 샌드위치에서 2개(4.3%)로 총22개(4.4%)의 Staphylococcus aureus가 분리되었다. 식사대용 식품에서 분리된 26개의 균주로 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)의 기준에 의거하여 vancomycin, teicoplanin, gentamycin, cipro-floxacin, synercid, cefotaxime, lincomycin, meropenem, cefazolin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid으로 총 10개의 항생제를 사용하여 E. coli와 S. aureus의 항생제 감수성 양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 실험 결과 식사대용 식품에서 분리된 E. coli 4균주의 항생제 감수성 양상은 그람 음성균 치료에 주로 사용되는 항생제인 gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxine, meropenem, cefazolin에 대해서는 감수성이 높다고 판단되었으나 amoxicillin-clavulanic acid에 대해서는 내성을 나타내었고, S. aureus의 항생제 감수성은 비교적 높다고 판단되었다. This study was performed in order to measure the level of food-borne pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance pattern of found ready to eat meals such as Him-bap, Cho-bap, Hamburger, Sandwich and packed lunch boxes. A total of 497 samples were collected from supermarket and department of Seoul, Kyung-ki, Inctleon, Kang-won, Chung-Cheong from November, 2005 to March, 2006. The contaminated microorganisms were in most cases tract relative strain like E. coli and S. aureus. Result have shown E. coli was detected 4 strains and S. aureus was detected 22 strains. 26 strains were also tested the antibiotic resistance pattern. 26 strains were shown to be relatively susceptible to synercid, vancomycin, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, lincomycn, cefotaxime, meropenem, cephalosporin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid by the MIC dilution method, but E. coli 1 strain was resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.

친수성 Polyvinylsiloxane 인상재의 putty와 light body의 결합강도

강재경,김경남,조리라,정경호 대한치과기재학회 2000 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Polyvinylsiloxane is the most accurate and dimensionally stable material among the dental impression materials which replicate the teeth and oral tissues. There are two methods for taking impressions with the polyvinylsiloxane: one step simultaneous polymerization; and putty/wash two step reline technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tensile bond strength between putty and wash material under the conditions of contamination with saliva or water at taking impression by putty/wash technique. The materials used in this study were 4 hydrophilic polvinylysiloxane impression materials of putty and light body type(Perfect-F, Handae Chemical, Korea; Contrast, VOCO, Germany; Exaflex and Examix, GC, Japan; Express and Imprint Ⅱ, 3M, U.S.A.). First, putty material filled in one perforated metal mold with diameter of 15 ㎜ and height of 19 ㎜ was set, and it was bonded with light body material filled in other paired metal mold before setting. Tensile bond strength was measured at a cross-head speed of 300 ㎜/min by universal testing machine (Instron 6022, Instron Co., U.K.) after 10 minutes from the joining two mold in order to set completely. As results, tensile bond strength of Contrast, Examix and Perfect-F showed no significant difference with control group on contamination with saliva or water, and it showed cohesive failure in the light body. However, Imprint Ⅱ showed the highest strength among these tested materials and showed adhesive failure at 5 specimens in the case of contamination with saliva and 4 specimens with water. From the results of this study, each product use possible cross bond and the tensile bond strength of some materials showed lower value on contamination with saliva.

산소 결핍도 변화에 따른 YBa_2 Cu_3 O_7-y의 열기전력 변화

강원남,김용민,조경철,최무용 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1988 論文集 Vol.39 No.1

To clarify the superconducting mechanism of the high Tc oxide superconductors, we have studied the interactions among electrons and elementary excitations and the electronic energy band structure by measuring the thermoelectric power of YBa_2 Cu_3O_7-y with various oxygen deficiencies. We have found that the major charge carriers in YBa_2Cu_3O_7-y are holes, that the width of the electronic energy band is larger than the intial estimation, and that the interaction between electrons and phnonos in the material is not strong enough to explain the high Tc super conductivity, while we have seen an evidence that there exist strong interactions between electrons and magnetic excitations.

도시에 거주하는 65세 이상 노인의 혈액내 지방성분과 영양소섭취 및 체위와의 관계 연구

강남이,김우경 한국노화학회 1996 한국노화학회지 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구는 서울시내에 거주하는 65세 이상의 건강한 노인 194명을 대상으로 체위, 영양섭취상태, 혈액내 지방성분을 조사하였다. 1. 조사대상자의 신장과 체중은 남녀 166.1Cm, 63.1kg, 154Cm, 54.7kg이였으며 BMI는 남녀 22.9, 22.8 이였고 삼두박근의 체지방량은 남녀 18.8mm, 23.8mm였다. 혈압을 보면 수축기, 이완기혈압은 남녀 각기 134.4mmHg 81.1mmHg과 134mmHg 80mmHg 이였다. 2. 혈장내 중성지방은 남녀 144.3ml/dl, 167.1ml/dl, 콜레스테롤은 170.0ml/dl, 191.4ml/dI로 여자가 높은 경향을 보여주었고 HDL 콜레스테롤은46.2ml/dl 45.1ml/dl이였다. 혈장 저방성분을 위험수준에 의해 구분해 보면 중성지방과 콜레스테롤에 의한 고지혈증의 비율은 감소하지만 HDL-콜레스테롤에 의한 위험집단의 비율은 나이가 증가하면 증가하였다. 3. 영양소 섭취상태는 나이가 증가하면 열량 및 모든 영양소의 섭취가 감소하였으며 특히 여자의 감소가 더 심하게 나타났다. 그리고 여자에게서 단백질, 지방의 섭취비율이 증가하고 탄수화물의 섭취 비율이 감소할 때 혈장내 콜레스테롤 유의적으로 증가하였다. 4. 조사대상자의 BMI를 저체중, 정상체중, 과체중, 비만으로 구분하였을 때 비만은 남녀 6.6%, 9.7%였고 저 체중은 7.9%, 19.5%였으며 나이가 증가하면 비만율은 감소하고 저 체중비율이 증가하였다. 비만도에 따른 혈액지방성분의 변화를 보면 콜레스테롤의 경우 비만도가 증가하면 증가하였으나 비만의 경우에도 위험수준을 넘지는 않았다. 5. 남녀 모두 나이가 증가하면 혈압이 감소하여 수축기혈압이나 이완기혈압에 의한 고혈압의 비율은 감소하였으며 혈압에 의한 혈액내 지방성분은 일정한 경향이 없었다. 6. 혈액내 지방성분과 여러 인자들의 상관관계를 보면 남자는 콜레스테롤과 BMI 및 지방섭취비율이, 여자는 콜레스테롤과 BMI, 단백질, 지방섭취량 및 섭취비율이 양의 상관관계를 보였다. HDL-콜레스테롤은 남자는 지방섭취량 및 섭취비율과 양의 상관관계를 보였고 여자는 지방섭취비율은 양의 상관관계를, 탄수하물섭취비율과는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 즉, 본 연구에서 우리 나라 노인은 75세 이상으로 나이가 증가하면 남녀 모두 혈액내 지방성분, 영양소섭취, 비만율과 혈압이 감소하였고, 콜레스테롤과 중성지방에 의한 고지혈증율은 감소하였으나 HDL-콜레스테롤로 구분하였을 때 위험집단은 증가하였다. 그리고 지방섭취비율과 혈액내 콜레스테롤은 양의 상관관계를 가지며, 탄수화물 섭취비율과 HDL-콜레스테롤량은 음의 상관관계가 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of hyperlipidemia and the correlation between plasma lipid levels and other parameters such as nutrient intake, body mass index and blood pressure in over 65 Korean elderly people(78 men, 116 female). Measurement of weight, height, blood pressure, triceps skinfolds thickness and plasma lipid levels were made and daily nutrient intakes were calculated. The mean plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were 144.3 ㎎/dl and 170.0 ㎎/dl in male, 167.1 ㎎/dl and 191.1 ㎎/dl in female respectively and decreased with age. The percentage of hyperlcholerolemia and hypertriglycemia of elderly people was decreased with age. Energy and nutrient intakes were decreased with age, especially in female. The percentage of obesity by BMI was 6.6% in male and 9.7% in female and the percentage of underweight was 7.9% and 19.5% respectively. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were decreased with age, and the risk of hypertension showed a decrease. BMI and dietary lipid consumption showed positive correlation with plasma cholesterol in both sex.

체지방율의 차이가 트레드밀운동중 호흡순환계에 미치는 영향

강병길,곽경남,김일곤 牧園大學校 1997 論文集 - 牧園大學校 Vol.33 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 8주간 트레드밀 운동이 본태성 고혈압 흰쥐의 혈압에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 실험동물로서는 8주령된 본태성 고혈압 흰쥐(180마리)를 실험1, 실험2 집단으로, 그리고 정상흰쥐(90마리)를 비교집단으로 구성하였다. 실험 1집단에는 쥐 트레드밀을 이용해서 주당 4일, 하루에 30분씩 8주간 운동을 실시하였다. 이때 적용된 운동강도는 15m/min였다. 혈압과 체중은 실험동물을 사육하면서 집단별로 주 1회 측정하였다. 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 혈압에 있어서, 실험 1집단은 시간이 경과함에 따라 실험전인 8주령때 혈압과 거의 같은 수준을 유지하고 있는 반면에, 실험 2집단은 계속 상승하여 전형적인 고혈압을 나타내었다. 2. 체중은 세집단 모두 시간이 경과함으로써 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 실험결과를 종합해 볼 때, 트레드밀 운동은 본태성 고혈압 흰쥐의 혈압 상승 억제에 큰 비중을 차지한다는 사실이 규명되었다. In order to analyze the ability of cardiorespiratory. after the exercising burden test and the practice of endurance exercise in HRmax's 60 percentage to two groups all, and after making obserations in cardirespiratory exercise responses between two group we had following conclusion. 1. According to the increase of exercising burden, the cardiorespiratory alteration reaction of the fat girls increased more than the normal girl's. 2. The same exercising burdens were given to all, the normal girls group and the fat girls group. the observed momentum were different each other on the way to exercise for the difference of cardiorespiratory. 3. On the way to exercise of the normal girls group and the fat girls group. HR alteration presented the increase tendency of the HRmax's 40 percentage level in the fat girls group. So. we knew the stress. pressed in the fat girls' heart on the way to exercise. was stronger than the normal girls' heart. 4. Oxygen ingestion quantity and Carbon dioxide quantity on the way to exercise of the fat girl's HRmax 40 percentage presented the higher increase them the normal girl's HRmax 60 percentage and we could observe much energy consumption

성인여성의 의복디자인 선호도 연구

강경자,정복남,최승희 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1990 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.6 No.-

This study was an attempt to survey the preference in clothing design of adult women. The preference in clothing design were evaluated by 58 items. The questionnaires were administered to a sample of women (between the age of 20 and 50) who lived in Chinju and Taegu, Korea. The data from 647 respondents were analyzed statistically. Through this study, the followings were founds : 1. There were significant differences in the preference of clothing design between married women and unmarried women. (1) In the color preference, married women liked the green, yellow and yellow green in sequence. Unmarried women liked the green, yellow and blue. (2) In the chroma, there was a negative correlation between cloration and warm for married women and there was a correlation between coloration and clod for unmarried women. (3) In the form of clothing, both of them showed significant difference in style and silhouette. (4) In the texture, both of them showed signigicant difference in thickness, weight and luster.

조대술에 의한 하마종의 치료

강동균,황경문,김은정,김현정,김영진,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

하마종은 구강저에 발생하는 점액 남종으로 주로 설하선과 관련된다. 즉, 하마종은 설하선 분비도관의 파열로 인하여 타액이 분비도관에서 빠져나와 주위의 연조직 내에 저류됨으로써 발생하는 가성 낭으로 정의 되며, 원인은 설하선 도관의 파열이나 폐색이다. 하마종의 임상소견은 청색의 투명한 종창이 구강저의 소대를 중심으로 편측으로 발생하며, 무통성이며, 촉진시 파동성을 나타낸다. 조직소견은 결합 조직 내 와동이 형성되지만, 낭 벽은 상피세포가 아닌 육아조직으로 구성되는 가성 낭을 관찰할 수 있다. 하마종의 첫 번째 치료법으로는 하마종의 내벽이 구강점막의 일부가 되도록 만들어 주는 조대술을 고려할 수 있다. 본 증례는 특징적인 하마종의 임상소견을 보이는 환아에게 gauze-packing등을 동반한 조대술을 이용하여 치료한 증례로써 양호한 치료결과를 보여 보고하고자 한다. Ranula is a mucocele which occurs at the mouth floor and mostly related to sublingual gland. In other words ranula is definded as a pseudocyst which occurs as the secretion duct of sublingual gland is destructed there as the saliva from the the secretion duct flows out and retention in the soft tissue. The cause of ranula is destruction or obstruction of the duct. The clinical findings of ranula is a painless, unilateral bluish transparent swelling around the frenum and shows fluctuation when palpated. Histological finding represent a formation of cavity inside the connective tissue. but a pseudo-cyst can be seen which the wall of the cyst is composed of granulation tissue rather than epithelial cells. The first treatment of ranula can be considered as marsupialization. which induces the inner wall of the Ranula to be a part of oral mucosa. This case report shows a treatment of marsupialization with gauze packing in a young patient representing a clinical finding of characteristic ranula.

비판적 문헌고찰에 의한 건강행위 관련이론의 분석

강남미,유경희,김성재,조남옥,최희정 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1996 간호학 논문집 Vol.10 No.1

This study was conducted by critical review analyzing literatures of theories focused on changes of health behaviors. 5 theories-TRA, HBM, Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Locus of Control-were selected among many theories of health behaviors. Theories were summarized, and models and concepts of theories were described. The results of this study were follows : 1. health behaviors could be classified into preventive behaviors and curative behaviors. 2. Most conceran of previous studies in this field was on health behavior execution itself or on its outcome. 3. the focus of previous studies was on initiation, maintenance, facilitation, and change of preventive and curative behaviors. 4. Factors affecting on health behaviors were demographic factors as exogenous variables and intrapsychic and extrapsychic factors as endogenous variables. 5. Previous studies tested predictability and explicability of these theories onhealth behaviors and identified factors affecting health behaviors most. 6. concepts of TRA, SELF-Efficacy, and Social support had higher explicability on health behaviors than concepts of HBM and Locus of control. From results of this study, we suggested the direction and considerations for futher nursing studies related with these theories. And we derived testable propositions from relationship between concepts and each others.

당뇨병 환자에서 비타민 E 영양제 보충이 체내 지질과산화 및 혈액 지방성분에 미치는 영향연구

강남이,민경완 서울보건대학 1999 서울보건대학 부설 병원경영연구소 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

We investigated the effects of vitamin E supplementation on lipid peroxidation and on the activities of antioxidative enzymes in diabetes mellitus. Vitamin E supplement doses consist of the amout 400 I.U./day (d-α-tocopherol. 268.5mg). After vitamin E supplementation. plasma levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were decreased. and increased in plasma triglyceride. HDL-cholesterol. Plasma levels of lipid peroxide measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARs) before and after vitamin E supplementation was 0.271. 0.181 nmol/100ml plasma. respectively. Plasma level of TBARs. indicator of lipid peroxidation and increased susceptability of LDL towards lipid peroxidation. were elevated in diabetes before vitamin E supplementation. while the plasma level of TBARs was significantly decrease after vitamin E supplementation. indicating that decreased lipid peroxidation are associated with the antioxidative activities effects of vitamin E. In the present study the possible explanations for that diabetes have a higher risk of diabetic complications by cardiovascular disease include the changes of blood lipid and lipoprotein concentration, and vitamin E supplementation which might have protective functions against free radical against free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation.

Acetosyringone이 Agrobacterium tumefaciens pTi C58에 의한 오이 (Cucumis sativus L.)의 형질전환에 미치는 영향

강경홍,김홍남 Natural Science Research Institute JEONJU UNIVERSI 1990 전주대학교 자연과학연구소 학술논문집 Vol.3 No.1

Transformation of Cucumis sativus seedlings has been obtained using Aadrobacterium tuniefaciens pTi C58. Transformation frequency was dependent on the physiological state of plants, the nature of Agrobacterium strains, the species of plants and bacterium and, less so, on the expression of the Vir genes of tumor- inducing plasmid. High transformation has been induced when 50μM acetosyringone(AS), a natural wound response molecule, was added to an Agrobacteriuaa tumefaciens culture prior to inoculation on seedlings. Specially, when bacterium had incubated pH7.0 LB agar after pH5.6 LB broth with 50μM AS at 28℃, 400rpm., higher transformation has been obtained. Opine assays confirmed the insertion and expression of T-DNA in Cucumis sativus seedlings.