키르기스스탄 출토 중국계 동경을 통해 본 西遼(1124∼1218)의 교류사적 의미

박진경(Park, Jin-Kyung) 한국미술사학회 2023 美術史學硏究 Vol.318 No.318

키르기스스탄 노보포크로브카(Novopokrovka) 지역에서 출토된 중국계 동경은 遼·金系 양식으로 카자흐스탄 동남부 및 키르기스스탄 북부를 중심으로 발견해온 동경들과 유사한 특징을 나타낸다. 五代 이후로 중앙아시아에서는 좀처럼 보기 어려웠던 중세 중국계 동경이 이 지역을 중심으로 다시 발견되는 양상을 살필 수 있어 주목된다. 중국계 동경들은 키르기스스탄-카자흐스탄의 국경 지대로 추이 계곡(Chuy Vаllеу)을 포함한 주변 지역에서 주로 출토되었다. 이 지역은 12세기 초 거란이 金에게 중원을 내어주고 서쪽으로 이동해 西遼(Qara Khitai, 1124∼1218)를 다시 세웠던 곳으로 당시 수도였던 발라사군(Balasaghun)을 포함해 서요의 주요 거점지역에 해당하였다. 특히 중국의 동북삼성을 중심으로 출토된 금대 동경과 한국의 고려시대 유적에서 출토된 금계 동경과의 관련성도 찾을 수 있어 금계 양식이 국제적인 양식으로 유라시아의 광범위한 영역에서 소비 및 유통되었던 상황과도 연결된다. 서요가 멸망했던 13세기 초 이후로 중국계 동경이 중앙아시아에서 출토되는 양상은 현저히 줄어든다. 몽골의 침략과 함께 오아시스 지역의 중심 도시들이 13세기를 하한선으로 갑자기 쇠락해 상당 기간 회복되지 못했을 뿐 아니라 이슬람 문화권의 영향력이 더욱 확대됨에 따라 중국계보다 이슬람계 동경이 더 선호되었던 소비 기호의 경향 역시 주요한 요인으로 작용했을 것이다. Chinese-style bronze mirrors in the style of the Liao and Jin Dynasties excavated in Novopokrovka, Kyrgyzstan, display similarities to those found in southeastern Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan. As Chinese-style bronze mirrors of Central Asia rarely date later than the period of the Five Dynasties, the Novopokrovka mirrors are remarkable as being from the medieval period. They were mostly excavated in the Chuy Valley, the border area between Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. In the early twelfth century, the Khitans lost the central China to the Jurchens and migrated to the west to establish the Qara Khitai (Western Liao). The new dynasty was centered around the Chuy Valley, including the capital city of Balasaghun. The Novopokrovka mirrors are mostly in the style of the Liao and Jin Dynasties from the late eleventh to the early thirteenth century, and closely resemble the Jin-style mirrors, mainly found in the three northeastern provinces of China—Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjian—, and Koryŏ sites in Korea, implying the production and distribution of the Jin-style mirrors as an international style in the large areas of Eurasia. There are fewer examples of Chinese bronze mirrors made after the early thirteenth century, when the Western Liao collapsed . After the Mongolian invasion, the cities in the oasis region met sudden decline by no later than the thirteenth century and did not recover for a considerable amount of time. Furthermore, the preference for various types of Islamicstyle mirrors, brought on by the expansion of Islamic influence may have also contributed to the decline of the Chinese-style mirrors.

미백보조광 조사가 치아미백의 효과에 미치는 영향

박종현,신혜진,박덕영,박세희,김진우,조경모 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of light energy on the tooth whitening effect of bleaching agent in vitro. Extracted human mandibular molars were sectioned to 2 fragments(mesial distal) and lingual portions of crown were used in this study. All specimens were stained using a red wine for 24 hours and immersed in artificial saliva. Specimens divided into four groups, group 1 and 2 light-activated by LumaCool (LED, LumaLite. Inc. Spring Valley, USA) group 3 and 4 light-activated by FlipoWhite2 (Plasma acr lamp, Lokki Australia) Group 1 and 3 bleached with LumaWhite(LumaLite, Inc.. Spring Valley USA), group 2 and 4 bleached with Polaoffice(SDI, Victoria, Australia). Bleaching treatment Performed during 10 minutes every 24 hours and repeated 6 times. During bleaching treatment, distal fragments was light-activated(L) but mesial fragments was not(NL). Shade assessment employed before and after bleaching treatment using spectrophotemeter. The results of the change in shade was compared and analysed between NL and L by using paired-sample T test with 95 % level of confidence. There were no significant differences between NL and L with a few exceptions. In group 2, a^(*) value more change in L, in group 3, b^(*) value more change in L in gioup 4, a(*) value less change in L. After bleaching L^(*) value and ΔE increased in all groups and the value of a^(*) and b^(*) decreased in all groups. Within the limitation of this test conditions, the results of this study indicate that the light energy has no obvious improving impact on the tooth whitening effect of a bleaching agent. 이 연구의 목적은 미백제의 치아미백효과에 미백보조광의 빛에너지의 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 발거된 하악 대구치 치관의 설면을 실험에 사용하였고, 하나의 대구치에서 근심과 원심으로 구분되는 2개의 치아 절편을 얻었다. 모든 시편을 24시간동안 적포도주에 보관하여 착색을 유도하고, 인공타액에 보관하였다. 시편들은 미백광조사기와 미백 powder의 종류에 따라 4개의 실험군으로 나뉘었으며, 실험군은 다음과 같다. Group 1: LumaCool로 광조사를 시행, LumaWhite를 사용 Group 2: LumaCool로 광조사를 시행, Polaoffice를 사용 Group 3: FlipoWhite 2로 광조사를 시행, LumaWhite를 사용 Group 4: FlipoWhite 2로 광조사를 시행, Polaoffice를 사용 미백처치는 10분간 매 24시간마다 총 6회 시행하였고, 미백처치시 동일한 치아에서 얻어진 두 개의 시편 중 원심시편에는 미백광조사를 시행한 반면, 근심시편에는 미백광조사를 시행하지 않았다. 색조의 평가는 spectrophotometer를 사용하여 매 미백처지 전과 후에 시행하였고, 근심측과 원심측에서 얻어진 색조 변화 차이를 paired-sample T test를 이용하여 95%의 신뢰수준으로 비교하였다. 미백처치 후 모든 실험군에서 L^(*) value와 ΔE의 증가와 a^(*) value와 b^(*) value의 감소가 관찰되었다. Group 2 원심절편의 a^(*) value와 group 3 원심절편의 b^(*) value에서의 더 큰 변화와 group 4의 원심절편에서의 a^(*) value가 좀 더 적은 변화를 제외하고, 모든 실험군에서 근심절편과 원심절편사이에서 색조변화의 차이는 통계적 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 연구 결과에서 미백보조광의 빛에너지는 미백제의 치아미백 효과를 증가시키는 것에 명백한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 평가되었다.

Differential Manifestation of Ocular Phenotypes in TALEN-mediated p19arf Knockout FVB/N and C57BL/6J mouse lines

Jin‑Sung Park,Joo‑Il Kim,Hyun‑Jin Lim,Soo‑Kyung Ryu,Euna Kwon,Kang‑Min Han,Ki‑Taek Nam,Han‑Woong Lee,Byeong‑Cheol Kang 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.9

Background p19arf, primarily known as a tumor suppressor, has also been reported to play an essential role in normal development of mouse eyes. Consistently, lack of p19arf has been associated with ocular defects, but the mixed background of the knockout (KO) mouse strain used raised a concern on the accuracy of the phenotypes observed in association with the targeted gene due to genetic heterogeneity. Object We carried out a study to investigate into the efect of genetic background on the manifestation of p19arf KO associated phenotypes. Methods We characterized the phenotypes of novel p19arf KO mouse lines generated in FVB/N and C57BL/6J using a transcription activator-like efector nuclease (TALEN) system in comparison to the reported phenotypes of three other p19arf-defcient mouse lines generated using homologous recombination. Results Ninety-fve percent of FVB/N-p19arf KO mice showed ocular opacity from week 4 after birth which worsened rapidly until week 6, while such abnormality was absent in C57BL/6J-p19arf KO mice up to the age of 26 weeks. Histopathological analysis revealed retrolental masses and dysplasia in the retinal layer in FVB/N-p19arf KO mice from week 4. Besides these, both strains developed normally from birth to week 26 without increased tumorigenesis except for a subcutaneous tumor found in a C57BL/6J-p19arf KO mouse. Conclusion Our fndings demonstrated surprisingly variable manifestation of p19arf-linked phenotypes between FVB/N and C57BL/6J mice, and furthermore between our mouse lines and the established lines, indicating a critical impact of genetic background on functional study of genes using gene targeting strategies in mice.

PLT 절연층을 이용한 ZnS:Mn TFEL소자의 제조 및 특성

박욱동,박경빈,박재현,김영진,최병진,김기완 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.6 No.1

Thin film electroluminescent(TFEL) device has been fabricated using ZnS:Mn phosphor and PLT insulator. The ZnS:Mn and PLT thin film for TFEL device was deposited by vacuum evaporation method and RF magnetron sputtering method, respectively. The TFEL device using ZnS:Mn(6000 Å) and PLT(1000 Å) thin films showed the threshold voltage of 50 Vrms at the driving frequency of 3 kHz. The brightness of TFEL device was 250 μW/cm^(2) at the applied voltage of 74 Vrms. Also the output current of TFEL device was linearly increased with applied voltage.

Conceptual Study for Tissue-Regenerative Biodegradable Magnesium Implant Integrated with Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanofi bers

Jin‑Kyung Jeon,Hyunseon Seo,Jimin Park,Soo Ji Son,Yeong Rim Kim,Eun Shil Kim,Jong Woong Park,Woong‑Gyo Jung,Hojeong Jeon,Yu‑Chan Kim,Hyun‑Kwang Seok,Jae Ho Shin,Myoung‑Ryul Ok 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The excessive initial corrosion rate of Mg is a critical limitation in the clinical application of biodegradable Mg implantsbecause the device loses its fi xation strength before the fractured bone heals. This study suggests a new approach to overcomethis hurdle by accelerating tissue regeneration instead of delaying the implant biodegradation. As angiogenesis is anessential process in early bone regeneration, a Mg implant coated with electrospun nanofi bers containing nitric oxide (NO),which physiologically promotes angiogenesis, is designed. The integrated device enables adjustable amounts of NO to bestored on the NO donor-conjugated nanofi ber coating, stably delivered, and released to the fractured bone tissue near theimplanted sites. An in vitro corrosion test reveals no adverse eff ect of the released NO on the corrosion behavior of the Mgimplant. Simultaneously, the optimal concentration level of NO released from the implant signifi cantly enhances tube networkformation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells without any cytotoxicity problem. This indicates that angiogenesis canbe accelerated by combining NO-releasing nanofi bers with a Mg implant. With its proven feasibility, the proposed approachcould be a novel solution for the initial stability problem of biodegradable Mg implants, leading to successful bone fi xation.

인공 치아우식 발생 모델에서 디지털 방사선 공제술을 이용한 인접면 치아우식증의 진단

박정훈,최용석,황의환,이기자,최삼진,박영호,김경숙,진현석,홍경원,오범석,박헌국 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of the experiment was to evaluating the diagnostic ability of dental caries detection using digital subtraction in the artificial caries activity model. Materials and Methods : Digital radiographies of five teeth with 8 proximal surfaces were obtained by CCD sensor (Kodak RVG 6100 using a size #2). The digital radiographic images and subtraction images from artificial proximal caries were examined and interpreted. In this study, we proposed novel caries detection method which could diagnose the dental proximal caries from single digital radiographic image. Results : In artificial caries activity model, the range of lesional depth was 572-1,374 μm and the range of lesional area was 36.95-138.52mm². The lesional depth and the area were significantly increased with demineralization time (p<0.001). Furthermore, the proximal caries detection using digital subtraction radiography showed high detection rate compared to the proximal caries examination using simple digital radiograph. Conclusion : The results demonstrated that the digital subtraction radiography from single radiographic image of artificial caries was highly efficient in the detection of dental caries compared to the data from simple digital radiograph.

RAW264.7 세포에서 interferon-r 및 LPS에 의해 유도되는 NO생성에 미치는 TALT-35의 영향

박종일,박경석,김종석,박지훈,윤은진,송경섭,서강식,김훈,윤완희,박승길,임규,황병두 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2006 생물공학연구지 Vol.12 No.-

TALP-35 purified from human term placenta is known to increase microtubule polymerization and stabilize the polymerized microtubule. To examine the effect of TALP-35 on immune system this study was performed. MTT assay was performed to investigate the effect of TALP-35 on the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. TALP-35 dose dependently suppress the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells at high concentration (above 1 μM) in unstimulated cells, in case of 10 μM TALP-35 treated cells the suppression was 25% but in stimulated cells it was only 15%. Cosedimentation assay was carried out to investigate whether TALP-35 can bind to tubulin of RAW264.7, monocyte/macrophage lineage of mouse, and polymerize it. TALP-35 polymerize the tubulin of RAW264.7 cells and sedimented in dose-dependent manner. To investigate the effect of TALP-35 on the expression of iNOS protein western blotting was performed. The expression level of iNOS was decreased dose dependently in high concentration of TALP-35 treatment. To examine the activity of iNOS, secreted NO was determined by method based on Griess reaction. Interferon-γ and LPS-stimulated production of NO from RAW264.7 cells was decreased dose dependently above 0.1 μM concentration of TALP-35 and 50% is decreased at 10μM of it. This study shows TALP-35 can control cytokine induced-iNOS expression therefore it might control inflammatory diseases.

DJ-1 deficiency impairs synaptic vesicle endocytosis and reavailability at nerve terminals

Kyung, Jae Won,Kim, Jin-Mo,Lee, Wongyoung,Ha, Tae-Young,Cha, Seon-Heui,Chung, Kyung-Hwun,Choi, Dong-Joo,Jou, Ilo,Song, Woo Keun,Joe, Eun-Hye,Kim, Sung Hyun,Park, Sang Myun National Academy of Sciences 2018 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol.115 No.7

<P>Mutations in DJ-1 (PARK7) are a known cause of early-onset autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormalities of synaptic vesicle trafficking underlie the pathophysiological mechanism of PD. In the present study, we explored whether DJ-1 is involved in CNS synaptic function. DJ-1 deficiency impaired synaptic vesicle endocytosis and reavailability without inducing structural alterations in synapses. Familial mutants of DJ-1 (M26I, E64D, and L166P) were unable to rescue defective endocytosis of synaptic vesicles, whereas WT DJ-1 expression completely restored endocytic function in DJ-1 KO neurons. The defective synaptic endocytosis shown in DJ-1 KO neurons may be attributable to alterations in membrane cholesterol level. Thus, DJ-1 appears essential for synaptic vesicle endocytosis and reavailability, and impairment of this function by familial mutants of DJ-1 may be related to the pathogenesis of PD.</P>

방사선사진의 인덱스-순서 분석을 통한 치아경조직의 탈염화 검출

박동현,박영호,김경숙,박정훈,이기자,최삼진,최용석,황의환,박헌국 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop the radiographic technique for detecting the demineralization which is known as indication of dental caries. Materials and Methods : This technique was based on the comparing of multiple radiographs which was irradiated by multiple X-ray spectra. For the meaningful comparing, the multiple radiographs were reconstructed to the dosimetrically consistent images using a standard material. The difference of resulting images of same target with multiple spectra represents the difference of response of material as regards the spectra. Results : We have found about 10% of demineralization of dental hard tissues particularly in the proximal region through the analyzing of differences. Conclusion : Most intriguing thing in this investigation was that the method to analyze difference shows us to an anatomic structure of dental hard tissues even if absolute values of optical density were excluded during the procedures.

The effect of neuropeptides on secretion of Interleukin-8(IL-8)

Kim, Kyung-Jun,Park, Sang-Hyuk,Choi, Kyoung-Kyu,Park, Sang-Jin 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 치수조직, 치은, 치주인대로부터 배양된 조직을 SP (Substance P)로 4시간, SP, CGRP (Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)로 8시간 자극 후 RNase Protection Assay를 시행하고, IL-8의 분비량을 측정해 다음 결과를 얻었다. 1. IL-8 mRNA는 모든세포에서 발현됐다. 2. IL-8 mRNA 발현은 SP (10^(-5)M)와 SP (10^(-8)M)로 4시간 자극 시 증가되지 않았다. 3. IL-8 mRNA 발현은 SP (10^(-4)M)와 CGRP (10^(-6)M)로 8시간 자극 시 증가되지 않았다. 4. TNF-α (2 ng/㎖) 자극 시, IL-8 mRNA 발현이 증가됐다. 5. 치은 세포를 CGRP (10^(-6)M)로 8시간 자극 시, IL-8 분비량이 증가했다 (p < 0.05). 6. 치주인대 세포를 SP (10^(-4)M)로 8시간 자극 시 IL-8 분비량이 증가했다 (p < 0.05). We investigated the secretion of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) from ginviva and periodontal ligament stimulated with Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP). Gingiva (GF), periodontal ligament (PDLF) and pulp (PF) tissues were collected from extracted instact 3rd molars. Cultured cells were stimulated with different concentrations of SP for 4 hrs, and stimulated with SP, CGRP and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) for 8 hrs. Then RNase Protection Assay was carried out. ELISA was performed using supernatants of stimulated cells for quantitative analysis of IL-8. Results were assessed using supernatants of stimulated cells for quantitative analysis of IL-8. Results were assessed using student t-test with significance of P < 0.05. According to this study, the results were as follows: 1. IL-8 mRNA was detected in all type of cells studied (PF, GF and PDLF). 2. IL-8 mRNA expression was not increased after stimulating 4 hrs with SP (10^(-5)M) and SP (10^(-8)M) compared with Mock stimulation in all type of cells studied. 3. IL-8 mRNA expression was not increased after stimulating 8 hrs with SP (10^(-4)M) and CGRP (10^(-6)M) compared with Mock stimulation in all type of cells studied. 4. TNF-α (2 ng/㎖) increased the expression of IL-8 mRNA in all kind of cells studied. 5. The secretion of IL-8 from GF was increased 8 hrs after the stimulation with CGRP (10^(-6)M) (p < 0.05). 6. The secretion of IL-8 from PDLF was increased 8 hrs after the stimulation with SP (10^(-4)M) (p < 0.05). Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP) increased Interleukin-8 (IL-8) which plays an important role in chemotaxis of neutrophil in Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP) gingival tissue, whereas Substance P increased the secretion of IL-8 from periodontal ligament.