정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

광학 마이크로패턴의 광산란 Simulation에 관한 연구

윤철용,현동훈,유경선 한국공작기계학회 2009 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.-

This paper has to gain visual effect as light scattering by various angle and phase using optical micro pattern for metal. Also applying to optical micro pattern for metal surface design by developing optical technology and ultra-precision machining technology.

드레인 전류 잡음원만을 고려한 스케일링이 가능한 바이어스 의존 P-HEMT 잡음모델

윤경식,이창석,맹성재,이진희,박철순 대전산업대학교 반도체기술연구소 1999 半導體技術硏究所報 Vol.1 No.-

게이트 길이가 0.2㎛인 P-HEMT에 대하여 드레인 바이어스 전류의 변화 및 게이트 폭에 대해 스케일링이 가능한 잡음모델을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 S-파라미터를 정확히 예측하기 위하여 x를 제외한 intrinsic 파라미터는 offset를 도입하여 정규화 한 후 스케일링을 하였다. 드레인 포화전류에 대한 드레인 전류의 비율과 게이트 폭을 변수로 하는 소신호 모델 파라미터의 맞춤함수를 구하였다. 또한, 잡음 파라미터를 정확히 예측하기 위하여 진성저항 잡음 온도 T_g, 게이트 단 전류 잡음원 등가잡음 컨덕턴스 G_ni 드레인 단 전류 잡음원 등가잡음 컨덕턴스 G_no를 잡음 모델정수로 사용하여 그 값을 추출하여 스케일링 하였다. 잡음 온도 T_g는 드레인 전류와 게이트 폭에 거의 추출되었다. 그러므로, G_no만을 잡음 모델정수로 하는 잡음모델과 T_g, G_ni, G_no를 잡음 모델정수로 하는 잡음모델을 측정값과 비교하여 본 결과 G_no만을 갖는 잡음모델도 측정된 잡음 파라미터와 잘 일치하였다. 따라서, 모델 정수 추출이 간단한 G_no 만을 갖는 잡음모델은 게이트 폭과 바이어스 전류에 대해 스케일링이 가능한 실용적인 잡음모델임을 확인하였다. Bias-dependent noise models of 0.2㎛ gate length P-HEMT's which are scalable with gate width are proposed. To predict S-parameters of the P-HEMT's the intrinsic parameters except for x subtracted the offsets introduced in this paper are normalized to the gate width and then scaled. The small-signal model parameters are expressed as fitting functions of the drain current to I_dss ratio and gate width. In addition, to estimate accurately noise parameters the noise temperature T_g of the intrinsic resistance, the equivalent noise conductance G_ni of the gate current noise source, and the equivalent noise conductance G_no of the drain current noise source are adopted as the noise model parameters. The extracted values of T_g are nearly independent of drain current and gate width and their average is arou

송도 웰빙센터 건립사업 타당성 조사

윤철현,오세경,강지은 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2008 硏究論文集 Vol.32 No.1

본 과업의 대상지는 송도 초등학교 내에 위치한 관사부지이다. 이곳을 서구청에서 확보한 예산으로써 서구 주민의 복지를 위한 문화체육시설로 개발할 경우, 그 사업의 타당성 여부를 진단하고 분석하는데 과업의 목적을 두었다. 본 과업은 문화체육센터에 대한 주민의식 및 선호도 파악에 우선 관심을 두었고 서구청 공무원을 조사대상으로 한정하였다. 그 까닭은 공무원 집단은 지역사회 전반에 걸쳐 문제의식이 강하고 가치판단기준이 일반 주민들보다 명확하며 도시 내 주요시설에 대한 식견이 비교적 넓기 때문이다. 본 조사에서 나타난 특징은 첫째, 응답자의 약 85%가 문화체육센터의 수적 부족을 인식한 점이고, 둘째, 45%만이 송도초등학교 내 웰빙센터의 건립에 찬성한 점이다. 반대의 대부분은 일반 주민을 위한 시설이 교육기관과 쉽게 양립 할 수 없다는 것이다. 서구의 인구가 감소한다는 것은 특정시설의 시장여건이 불리해진다는 뜻이다. 이 같은 현실 하에 웰빙센터의 경제적 타당성의 진단에서 나타난 분석결과는 B/C가 1보다 낮고(0.866), 내부수익률 역시 (-)값으로 나타난 점이다. 따라서 송도 웰빙센터 건립사업의 경제적 타당성은 매우 취약하다고 판단된다. 또한 교육청 및 학교당국은 학생중심의 시설건립과 시설 건립 후 교육기관에 기부채납을 요구하고 있으므로 이점이 사업의 결정적인 제약이 되고 있다. 공무원 의식조사에서 나타난 바를 참고할 때 웰빙센터와 같은 문화체육시설은 학교 내가 아닌 인접한 다른 장소에서 적극적으로 건립하는 방안을 모색해 볼 필요가 있다.

인터넷 통신에서 자바 바이트코드를 이용한 애플릿 보안

윤찬호,석경휴,나기창,배철수,나상동 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2002 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.5 No.1

Java applets are downloaded from web server through internet and executed in Java Virtual Machine of clients' browser. Before execution of java applets, JVM checks bytecode program with bytecode verifier and performs runtime tests with interpreter. However, these tests will not protect against undesirable runtime behavior of java applets, such as denial of service attack, email forging attack, URL spoofing attack, or annoying sound attack. In order to protect malicious applets, a technique used in this paper is java bytecode modification. This technique is used to restrict applet behavior or insert code appropriate to profiling or other monitoring efforts. Java byte modification is divided into two general forms, class-level modification involving subclassing non-final classes and method-level modification used when control over objects from final classes or interface. This paper showed that malicious applets are controlled by java bytecode modification using proxy server. This implementation does not require any changes in the web sever, JVM or web browser.

peat moss를 이용한 폐수중의 중금속 제거

이경화,김정섭,유현철,최성우,윤철종,우성훈,박승조 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2001 硏究報告 Vol.24 No.1

Adsorption equilibrium of heavy metals ion on the peat moss was confirmed Frundlich isotherm Removal efficiency of heavy metals ion was increased from pH 2 to 10 and heavy metal removal efficiency was increased in the sequence of Cu(Ⅱ) > Pb(Ⅱ) > Cd(Ⅱ) > Mn(Ⅱ) on the PM(Peat Moss). The PM is likely to be more effective adsorption than the PAC to removal of metal ions in the solution, since PM's weakly acidic functional groups which is not founded on the PAC, in addition to its high surface area and porosity. But, the PM is not separated from the solution water by sedimentation process. So, a liquid and solid seperation between the PM and the solution water could be considered for the PM's field application. But peat moss was low cost adsorbent. Thus author propose to adopt PM as a adsorbent for heavy metal removal.

Crytococus neoformans 감염조직의 병리조직학 및 초미세구조학적 연구

정수경,윤철종 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 1999 保建科學硏究論集 Vol.8 No.1

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated fungal microorganism that can cause disease in immunocompetent, as well as immunocomprimised, hosts. Life-threatening infections caused by the encapsulated fungal pathogen C. neoformans have been increasing steadily over the past 10 years. We have experienced a case of 3 years old girl infected liver, skin and lymph nodes with jundice and hepatomegaly. Needle biopsy specimens examined periodic acid Schiff reaction, alcian blue and Gomori's methenamine silver stain to light microscopy. Electron microscopic assay was followed after glutaraldehyde fixation and deparaffinization of the tissues. From Results of the special stains we can identify C. neoformans, giant cells and lymphocytes with fibrosis finding in the infected tissue. Transmission electron microscopic findings disclose phagocytic feature by Kupffer cells in liver. Scanning electron microscopy is also seen capsular cell wall within giant cells. In conclusion, we recommend to stain for polysaccharide stain simultaneously.

주거지역 오수발생 특성 및 원단위 산정

박철휘,양경수,배윤선 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study is to investigate the quantity of discharged sewage unit loading factor and the quality of various pollutants in domestic (detached house and apartment) and commercial site. Measurement were worked at Bucheon and Seogwipo city. One was selected because it was a developed lately community, the other was chosen because it was constructed for long period from 1973 to 1992. The sewage was sampled every two hours a day for a week per each season. Data for the quantity of used water, the number of population and areas were also investigated. The result of the study were as follows; (1) The average unit water use flowrate were 215.7l pcd for detached house, 200.6l pcd for apartment, 8.9l/㎡/d for commercial site in Bucheon city, and 212.5l pcd for detached house, 187.7l pcd for apartment, 9.7l/㎡/d for commercial site in Seogwipo city. (2) The average unit discharged sewage flowrate were 179.7l pcd for detached house, 187.4l pcd for apartment, 8.1l/㎡/d for commercial site in Bucheon city, and 159.4l pcd for detached house, 153.1l pcd for apartment, 5.6l/㎡ /d for commercial site in Seogwipo city. (3) The conversion ratio from water to sewage were 83.4% for detached house, 93.4% for apartment, 91.8% for commercial site in Bucheon city, and 75.0% for detached house, 82.2% for apartment, 57.5% for commercial site in Seogwipo city. (4) The average unitloading factor of pollutant were COD_cr 44.4 gpcd, BOD_5 23.3 gpcd, SS 14.3 gpcd, T-N 6.7 gpcd, T-P 0.8 gpcd for detached house, COD_cr 62.1 gpcd, BOD_5 29.5 gpcd, SS 21.4 gpcd, T-N 7.0 gpcd, T-P 0.8 gpcd for apartment. (5) The maximum sewage generation based on factors (water supply, running rate, valid water rate and etc.) could be predicted and compared with survey data.

치성 낭종의 임상-병리학적 소견과 TGF-α 및 TGF-β 발현

한경민,김용환,박진혁,윤형기,윤혜경,김우형,이희철 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.4

Objective : Periapical cyst is a relatively common disease but heterogenous in histogenesis, and inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of varying degree are associated in the cystic wall. The aim of thes study is to evaluate the clinico-pathologic characteristics such as patient's age, ses, location, and the degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of periapical cyst and the role of TGF-α and TGF-β cytokines in the inflammed periapical cyst. Methods and Material : The materials were 43 cases of periapical cyst and clinical information with age, sex, location(maxilla vs mandible, right vs left, region involved) were recorded. Histopathological examination on the degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis and immunohistochemical stining for TGF-α and TGF-β were perfomed. Satistical analyses between clinical parameters, the degree of inflammation and fibrosis and expressions for TGF-α and TGF-β were followed. Results : 1. Thirt(69.8%) of 43 cases were older than 20 year-old. and no significant differences of incidence according to patient's sex was noted. In 25(58.1%) out of 43 case. 20(54.1%) out of 37 cases, and 20(48.8%) of 41cases, the cyst was located on the maxilla. in right side and in premolar region respectively. 2. The cysts of developmental and inflammatory origin were 24(55.8%) and 19(44.2%) of 43 cases, respectively and there were no siginificant differences of patient's age, sex, and location of cysts according to the origin of cysts. 3. Fibrosis was more conspicuous in cases older than 20 year-old. (p=0.0179), but no significant difference in the degree of inflammatory reaction according to patient's age and in the degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis according to sex and location of the cysts were seen. 4. Inflammatory reaction was slightly more in cysts of inflammatory origin, but no significant defferences in degree of inflammation and fibrosis according to origin of the cysts. 5. The degree of inflammatory reaction and TGF-α and TGF-β expressions showed a tendency of positive correlation(p=0.1563), but there were no statistically significant relationships between the degree of inflammation and fibrosis and TGF-α and TGF-β expressions. 6. In the cysts of developmental origin, TGF-α expression in the epithelial cells was significantly increased than inflammatory origin, but TGF-α and TGF-β expressions in the inflammatory cells and stromal cells showed no significant difference according to the origin Conclusion : The degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of periapical cysts was different according to patient's age and location of the cyst. TGF-α and TGF-β cystokines seemed to be involved in the inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of periapical cyst, however, TGF-α and TGF-β expressions was not parallel to the degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis. These results suggest that other cytokines in addition to TGF-α and TGF-β may also be involved in the inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of periapical cyst. Increased TGF-expression in the epithelial cells of the cysts of developmental origin could be a helpful finding to defferentiate the origin of the periapical cyst.

화상성 액와부 구축반혼 교정술에 대한 연구

박�규,민경원,이윤호 大韓成形外科學會 1985 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.12 No.1

A retrograde study was performed in order to analyse and evaluate the operation results of 45 axillary burn scar contracture patients, who were treated in our hospital over last 5 years, in various view points. Some new operation techniques were tried out, such as fasciocutaneous bipedicled flap and latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, for the purpose of correcting the axillary contracture and the results revealed many advantages, especially in the severe cases which have not been able to be corrected effectively. Comparison between the results obtained by new tecniques and those by previous techniques led up to make up the scientific and schematic operation protocol for correction of axillary contracture. This paper presents not only the various advantages of fasciocutaneous bipedicled flap and latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, but also the new schematic operation protocol according to 5 graded classification of axillary burn scar contracture.