Taurine 첨가에 따른 국수의 품질 특성 변화

고봉경 계명대학교 생활과학연구소 2001 科學論集 Vol.27 No.-

Taurine was added to wheat flour noodles to investigate the effects on properties of dried and cooked noodles. Addition of taurine up to 3% of flour did not affect mixing properties of dough. Taurine improved the aftertaste and softness of noodle, which resulted in increase of preference of noodles. However brightness of dried and cooked noodles were not improved with taurine addition. Cooking loss and protein loss were decreased and carbohydrate and turbidity of broth were increased with addition of taurine.

스트레스반응척도의 개발

고경봉,박중규,김찬형 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.4

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 4가지 스트레스반응 즉 감정적, 신체적, 인지적, 행동적 반응들이 포함된 스트레스 반응 척도를 개발하고자 하는데 있다. 방법: 일차로 성인 정상인 109명을 대상으로 스트레스반응척도 예비설문을 시행하여 75개 문항을 추출하였다. 2차로 이 문항들이 포함된 설문을 정상인 215명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 결과: 이 자료들을 요인분석한 결과 7개의 하위요인 즉 긴장, 공격성, 신체화, 분노, 우울, 피로, 좌절이 추출되었다. 상기 척도의 신뢰도는 정상인 62명에게 2주 간격으로 검사-재검사를 시행, 분석한 결과 7개 하위척도 점수와 척도 전체 점수 간의 상관관계수가 .69∼.96으로 모두 유의한 상관성을 보였다. 한편 내적 일치도는 7개 하위척도의 Cronbach's α가 .76∼.91, 척도 전체의 Cronbach's α가 .97이었다. 공존타당도는 global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale, perceived stress questionnaire(PSQ), symptom checklist-90-R(SCL-90-R)의 전체지표 각각의 총점과 본 척도의 7개 하위척도의 점수 및 척도 전체점수 간의 상관성을 각각 비교한 결과 모두 유의하게 높은 것을 나타났다. 변별타당도는 환자군 242명(불안장애 71명, 우울장애 73명, 신체형장애 47명, 정신신체장애 51명)과 정상군 215명간에 척도의 총점과 7개의 하위척도 점수를 비교한 결과 공격성을 제외한 6개 하위척도 점수와 총점에서 각각 유의한 차이를 보였다. 환자군에서 우울장애군이 척도전체 점수가 가장 높고, 불안장애, 정신신체장애, 정상군보다 각각 전체 점수가 유의하게 높게 나타나 우울장애군이 이들 환자군 중에서 스트레스반응이 가장 현저하다는 것을 시사해 준다. 대상자들 중 여자가 남자보다, 소득수준이 낮을수록 척도 전체 점수가 유의하게 더 높았다. 결론: 이상의 결과들은 스트레스반응 척도가 신뢰도 및 타당도가 모두 유의한 수준으로 스트레스에 관련된 분야의 연구에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있는 도구임을 시사해 준다. 또한 우울장애군이 상기 다른 정신장애군에 비해 스트레스에 대한 감수성이 높다는 것을 반영해 준다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop the stress response inventory(SRI)which includes emotional, somatic, cognitive, and behavioral stress responses, and then to use the scale in clinical pracitice. Methods: First, a preliminary survey was conducted for 109 healthy adults to obtain 70 response items. Second, a preliminary questionnaire was completed by 215 healthy subjects. Third, a comparison was made regarding stress responses among 242 patients(71 with anxiety disorder, 73 with depressive disorder, 47 with somatoform disorder, and 51 with psycho-somatic disorder) and 215 healthy subjects. Results: Factor analysis yielded 7 subscales : tension, aggression, somatization, anger, depre-ssion, fatigue and frustration. Reliability was computed by administering the SRI to 62 healthy subjects during a 2-week interval. Test-retest relivbility for 7 subscales and the total score was significantly hign, ranging between 0.69- .96. Internal consistency was computed, and Cronbach's α for 7 subscales ranged between .76-.91 and .97 for the total score. Concurrent validity was computed by correlating the 7 subscales and the total score with the total score of the global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale, the perceived stress questionnaire(PSQ), and the symptom checklist-90revised(SCL-90-R). The correlations were all at significant levels. Discriminant validity was computed by comparing the total score and the 7 subscale scores of the patient and control groups. Significant differences were found for 6 subscales and the total score, with the exception being the aggression subscale. The depressive disorder group was highest in total scores of SRi among 4 patient groups, and showed a significant higher scores in total scores of SRI than each of anxiety disorder and psychosomatic disorder groups. In total scores of SRI, female subjects were significantly higher than male ones, and subjects with lower income were significantly higher than those with higher income. Conclusion: These results indicate that the SRI is highly reliable and valid, and that it can be utilized as an effective measure of stress for research in stress-related fields. It is suggested that depressive disorder group is more susceptible to stress than any other patient groups.

Medazepam 및 Cloxazolam 이 가토혈중 주정농도에 미치는 영양에 관한 실험적 연구

高京鳳 大韓神經精神醫學會 1978 신경정신의학 Vol.17 No.4

Medazepam is a diazepam analogue with a 2-ketone omitted, and is used as an antianxiety agent. The drug shows the charateristic taming effect, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant properties with minimal side effects and low toxicity. The pharmacodynamic aspects of the drug indicated rapid onset of absorption and rapid biotransformation of oral medazepam in men and dogs, with little acumulation in the plasma. It is also found that diazepam is an important metabolite of medazepam in rats and men, showing a major potency in clinical actions. Cloxazolam is a newer menmber of the benzodiazepine derivatives, which possess considerable calming effects. It is suggested that the potentiation of alcohol by some psychotropic drugs may, among other things, increase the risk of traffic accidents. Hence, it is necessary to test all psychotropic drugs for their interaction with alcohol. It has been recently reported that many psychotropic drugs including chlorpromazine and lithium, elevated the blood alcohol level in rabbits. In view of these findings, the author conducted an animal experiment to investigate the efect of medazepam and cloxazolam on blood level of alcohol in rabbits. Material and Method 1. The experimental work was done on mature rabbits of both sexes, weighing about 2 to 3kg. 2. The experimental animals were divided into two groups; the control and the experimental group. 3. The control group was given alcohol alone. 4. The experimental group was divided into 4 subgroups ; a) alcohol plus medazepam, 5mg/kg of body weight, b) alcohol plus medazepam, 10 mg/kg of body weight, c) alcohol plus cloxazolam, 1mg/kg of body weight , and d) alcohol plus cloxazolam, 2mg/kg of body weight. 5. These above groups were further divided into 2 subgroups in which one subgroup was given these drugs respectively for 5 days and another for 5 days and another for 10 days. 6. Each medazepam or cloxazolam was orally given in a single does at a fixed time. The last dose was given one hour and a half before alcohol administration. 7. In all groups 20 vol. % ethanol solution was slowly given in a dose of 5.0ml/kg of body weight for 5 minutes by intravenous route. 8. All of the blood specimens were obtained by cardiac puncture at both 15 and 45 minutes after alcohol administration. 9. The determination of blood alcohol level was made by Cavett's method. Results 1. Alcohol plus medazepam, 5mg/kg of body weight for 5 days. Medazepam caused no significant change in the blood alcohol level at both 15 and 45 minutes after alcohol administration (P>0.05) 2. Alcohol plus medazepam, 5mg/kg of body weight for 10 days. In this group, no significant change was shown in the blood alcohol level at 15 minutes (P>0.05) but significant elevation of blood alcohol level was noted at 45 minutes (P<0.01) after alcohol administration. 3. Alcohol plus medazepam, 10mg/kg of body weight for 5 days. In this group, medazepam elevated the blood alcohol level significantly at 15 minuts (P<0.05) but caused no significant change in the blood alcohol level at 45 minutes (P>0.05) after aslcohol administration. 4. Alcohol plus medazepam, 10mg/kg of body weight for 10 days. In this group, medazepam elevated the blood alcohol level significantly at both 15 (P<0.01)and 45 mimutes (P<0.05) after alcohol adnimistration. 5. Alcohol plus cloxazolam, 1mg/kg of body weight for 5 days. Cloxzolam caused no significant change in the blood alcohol level at both 15 and 45 minutes after alcohol administration(P>0.05) 6. Alcohol plus cloxazolam , 1mg/kg of body weight for 10 days. In this group, no significant change in the blood alcohol level 1 was also shown at both 15 and 45 minutes after alcohol administration(P>0.05) 7. Alcohol plus cloxazolam, 2mg/kg of body weight for 5 days. In this group, significant elevation of the blood alcohol level was noted at both 15 (P<0.005) and 45 minutes(P<0.001)after alcohol administration. 8. Alcohol plus cloxazolam, 2mg/kg of body weight for 10 days. In this group, cloxazolam also caused significant elevation in the blood alcohol level at both 15 (P<0.025) and 45 minutes (P<0.001) after alcohol administration. 9. No statistical significance was obtained in the difference of the blood alcohol level between 5 and 10 day groups when the dose was fixed (P> 0.005). Conclusions 1. Medazepam, when administered orally in a dose of 5mg/kg of body weight daily for 5 or 10 days, did not elevate the blood alcohol level significantly at both 15 and 45 minutes after alcohol administration except for the group administered for 10 days in which significant elevation was noted in the blood alcohol level at 45 minutes. 2. Medazepam, when administered orally in a dose of 10mg/kg of body weight daily elevated the blood alcohol level significantly at both 15 and 45 minutes except for the group administered for 5 days in which there was no significant elevation at 45 minutes. 3. Cloxazolam, when administered orally in a dose of 1mg/kg of body weight daily for 5 or 10 days, did not elevate the blood alcohol level 1significantly at both 15 and 45 minutes after alcohol administration. 4. Cloxazolam, when administered orally in a dose of 2mg/kg of body weight daily for 5 or 10 days, elevated the blood alcohol level significantly at both 15 and 45 minutes after alcohol administration. 5. There was no significant different in the blood alcohol level between 5 and 10 day groups in which a fixed dose of either medazepam or cloxazolam was administered.

중환자 및 가족심리와 치료

고경봉 대한가정의학회 1986 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.7 No.7

Estazolam이 가토혈중 주정농도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

고경봉,이재승 大韓神經精神醫學會 1982 신경정신의학 Vol.21 No.4

Estazolam is a triazolo benzodiazepine hypnotic agent, which is similar in pharmacological spectrum to nitrazepam and flurazepam. It is claimed that the agent is more potent in sleep-inducing action than nitrazepam. It is important that any new psychotropic drugs should be tested for their interaction with alcohol, because the risk of accidents might be increased by their potentiating action of alcohol. The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of estazolam on blood alcohol level in rabbits. The experiment was done on mature rabbits of both sexes. The control group was given alcohol alone and the experimental groups were given various oral doses of estazolam before alcohol injection; namely, 2㎎/㎏/day for 5 days and for 10 days, 4㎎/㎏/day for 5 days and for 10 days, respectively. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture at both 15 and 45 minutes after alcohol administration, and blood alcohol level was determined by Cavett's method. There was no significant difference in blood alcohol level between the control and each of the experimental groups, 2㎎/㎏/day for 5 days and for 10 days at 45 minutes after alcohol administration. In all the other experimental groups, however estazolam significantly elevated blood alcohol level.

효소 첨가에 의한 제빵 첨가물 KBrO_3 대체효과 연구

고봉경,이지은 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2003 科學論集 Vol.29 No.-

TG-K를 제외한 TGase를 함유한 첨가물은 반죽의 물성을 강화시켰으나 빵에 첨가하였을 때 발효 방해 물질에 의하여 빵이 부풀지 않아서 제빵 첨가물로서의 이용이 불가능하였다. TGase의 기질이 되는 lysine과 glutamine의 혼합물은 매우 고농도 첨가하였을 때 반죽의 물성에 변화를 일으키며 효소를 첨가하지 않고 반죽에 첨가하였을 경우 빵의 부피를 상승시키는 효과는 KBrO₃를 대체할 만큼의 효과를 얻지 못하였다. 따라서 순수 정제 효소를 얻는 것과 이를 이용하여 기질 첨가에 따른 효과를 앞으로 계속 연구해야 하겠다. The purpose of this study was to develope the replacement of KBrO₃ to improve dough properties and increase bread volume. Enzyme source, microbial Trans- Glutaminase(TGase) was conducted to replace the KBrO₃ for baking. Additives containing TGase were purchased, and mixed with wheat flour. Mixing and baking properties of additives with TGase was investigated. The additives containing TGase increased mixing tolerance of wheat flour dough. However they affected dough fermentation and cause of decrease of bread volume. Addition of substrate, lysine and glutaminase, without TGase was effective to mixing properties of wheat flour dough and not to baking properties up to 50,000ppm of flour weight.

방사선 조사를 받은 두경부 병소의 재건을 위한 유리피판술

채수욱,고경석,김주봉,박상훈,한상훈,이택종,남순열,김상윤 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.3

Radiation therapy is an effective cancer treatment modality as a primary treatment in early cancer and as an adjuvant treatment in advanced cancer, especially in head and neck lesions, but it also causes irreversible chronic damages to overlying normal tissues that may lead to wound complications. As well, at the microscopic level, radiation injury causes both stasis and occlusion of small vessels. Therefore, surgical reconstruction of previously-irradiated lesions in the head and neck poses a great problem. Fifth-six patients with head and neck lesions underwent 57 microsurgical reconstructions between 1990-1998. Thirteen patients were irradiated before surgery. The previous radiation dose was 30∼75.6 Gy. The free tissue transfer was successful in 52 of the 57 microsurgical reconstructions(91.2%). The success rate was 92.3%(12/13) in previously-irradiated patients and 90.9%(40/44) in nonirradiated patients. Postoperative complications, such as flap loss, fistula, and infection, developed in 4 irradiated patients and 8 nonirradiated patients. Overall complication rate was 30.8%(4/13) in previously-irradiated patients and 18.2%(8/44) in nonirradiated patients. Although the failure rate of previously-irradiated patients was higher than that of nonirradiated patients, there was no statistically significant difference between them. Thus, free tissue transfers in patients with previously-irradiated head and neck lesions are suitable for one-stage reconstruction.

화학 첨가제와 밀가루의 열처리가 제빵 특성에 미치는 효과

이지은,고봉경 한국조리과학회 2004 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Effects of various chemical additives and heat treatments were investigated on the wheat flour doughs and breads. Ammonium ferric citrate, Ca-citrate, CaCl_(2), FeSO_(4), MgCl_(2) and ZnO were mixed respectively to the flour up to 0.1% of flour dry weight basis. Ammonium ferric citrate and ferric sulfate showed no significant effects on the dough properties and magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride and zinc oxide increased elastic properties and optimum dough mixing time. However, calcium citrate and magnesium chloride showed no significant effects on the dough mixing properties. Most of chemicals were detrimental on the bread volume except MgSO_(4) and CaCl_(2). Breads with MgSO_(4) and CaCl_(2) retained the equal or slightly higher volume compared to control bread. Crumb and crust colors of breads with addition of chemicals were changed to lighter than that of control bread. L values both of crumb and crust increased with addition of chemicals except Ca-citrate. To inactivate the endogenous enzymes of flour, flour was roasted under electric oven, exposed to UV and microwave. Those heat treatments of flour increased dough stability and produced no dough breakdown after optimum mixing time. However, bread volume of heat-treated flour decreased.

대구지역 주부들의 쌀 가공식품 이용실태조사

조진휘,고봉경 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.3

This research investigated the consumption of various rice-based processed foods of 279 housewives in Daegu. 70% of the housewives that responded to the question graduated from a high school or college, was 30 ~40 years old and full-time housewives. The main places for purchasing the rice-based processed foods were large size discount store and supermarkets, as other industrial products and the family's preference was the most critical factors in choosing the products. The fact that the main reason of purchasing the rice breads and cookies. instead of wheat, was "They may be food for health" indicated many housewives have a positive perception of rice-based foods. Among the rice-based processed foods, the using frequency of rice rake (dduk) was the highest, with rice cookies and rice drinks being the next most frequent. However, the frequencies of cooked rice (bob) and rice flour were very low. An analysis of the correlation for the using frequency of 15 rice-based processed foods showed that the use of rice cookies and breads, instead of wheat, was highly correlated to another 13 foods. The critical reasons why they do not consume cooked rice and rice flour were uncertainty of the purity of the rice and the addition of preservatives, and that with rice bread and noodles there was no information available about the products, and they have a poor taste. The most common reasons of using cooked rice were no time to cook and simple curiosity about the products. However, the consumers were suspicious of containers. which were a potential cause of environmental hormones. and the high price of the products. Packed rice flour was mainly used as an ingredient to give the viscosity to a product. The advantages of using rice flour were that it was available to control the amount of buying and the convenience to buy. However, it was pointed out that the taste of products containing packed rice flour were poorer than that of rice flour ground at a mill.

관상동맥질환 환자들에서 스트레스지각과 대응전략간의 관계

김장우,고경봉 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 138명의 관상동맥질환자들을 대상으로 환자들의 스트레스인자 및 스트레스반응 지각과 대응전략 간의 관계를 조사하여 이들 환자에서 효과적 혹은 비효과적인 대응전략을 발견함으로써 이를 나중에 이런 환자들의 정신사회적 치료에 응용하고자 하는데 있다. 방법: 스트레스인자 및 스트레스반응에 대한 지각은 각각 스트레스인자 지각 척도(Global Assessment of Recent Stress Scale) 및 스트레스반응 지각척도(Perceived Stress Response Inventory)를, 대응전략은 대응척도(Coping Scales)를 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 일 및 직장, 대인관계, 대인관계의 변화, 질병 및 상해, 경제적인 문제, 비일상적인 사건, 일상생활 변화의 유무, 전반적인 스트레스인자 지각 점수는 도피-회피와, 질병 및 상해, 경제적인 문제, 전반적인스트레스지각 점수는 책임수용과, 경제적인 문제와 관련된 스트레스 지각점수는 계획적 문제해결 및 긍정적 재평가와 양성 상관성을 보였다. 도피-회피는 부정적 감정반응, 인지기능저하 및 일반적 부정적 사고, 자기비하적 사고, 충동공격적 사고, 일반적 신체증산, 특정신체증상, 수동반응적 및 부주의 행동,충동공격적 행동과 같은 모든 스트레스반응 항목들과 유의한 양성 상관성을 보였다. 그 다음으로 거리감 유지는 부정적 감정반응, 인지기능저하 및 일반적 부정적 사고, 일반적 신체증산, 수동반응적 및 부주의 행동과 양성 상관성을 보였다. 남자가 여자보다 직면, 자기통제, 사회적 지지추구, 책임수용, 계획적 문제해결, 긍정적 재평가를 유의하게 더 많이 사용하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 교육수준은 직면, 자기통제, 사회적 지지추구, 책임수용, 계획적 문제해결, 긍정적 재평가와 같은 대응전략과 양성상관성을 보였다. 결론: 이상의 결과는 관상동맥질환 환자들이 사용하는 대응전략이 스트레스인자의 종류, 성별, 교육수준에 따라 달라지고 있고 대응전략 중 도피-회피 및 거리감유지가 가장 비교화적일 가능성을 시사해준다. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and coping strategies in 138 patients with coronary artery diseases. Methods: Global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale and perceived stress response inventory(PSRI) were used to measure perception for stressors and stress responses. Coping scale was used to measure coping strategies. Results: Scores of perceived stress related to work, job, interpersonal area, changes in relationship, sickness or injury, financial area, and overall global areas showed significant positive correlations with escape-avoidance. Also scores of perceived stress related to sickness or injury, financial problems, overall global areas showed significant correlations with accepting responsibility. Scores related to financial area showed significant positive correlation with planful problem solving and positive reappraisal. Escape-avoidance had a significantly positive correlation with negative emotional response, lowered cognitive function and general negative thinking, self-depreciative thinking, impulsive - aggressive thinking, general somatic symptoms, specific somatic symptoms, passive-responsive careless behavior and impulsive-aggressive behavior. Distancing had a significantly positive correlation with negative emotional response, lowered cognitive function and general negative thinking, general somatic symptoms and passive-responsive careless behavior. Confrontive coping, self-control, seeking social support, accpting responsibility, planful problem solving, and positive reappraisal were more frequently used in men than in women. Education had a significantly positive correlation with confrontive coping, self-control, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, planful problem solving, and positive reappraisal. Conclusions: The above results suggest that coping strategies of patients with coronary artery disease may be affected by types of perceived stressors, sex, and level of education, and that escape-avoidance and distancing may be the most ineffective coping strategies used in these patients.