로버트 토마스(Robert J. Thomas) 선교사, 역사적 평가

박용규(Yong Kyu Park) 신학지남사 2016 신학지남 Vol.83 No.3

Year 2016 marks the 150th year of missionary Robert J. Thomas’s martyrdom. For a long time, the Korean church inherited his faith and tradition in recognition of his martyrdom. At the dawn of 1980 however, Lee Man-Yeol vigorously challenged his martyrdom, which was followed by Han Kyu-Moo’s analogous publications in 1995 and 2005. Recently, in 2016, Ock Seung-Deuk and Han Kyu-Moo opined that Thomas’s death was not martyrdom. They questioned the legitimacy of his actions by criticizing Thomas’s embarkation through the General Sherman, a heavily armed colonial ship that illegally assailed into Korea. Even if Oh Moon-Hwan’s records of the last moments of missionary Thomas were true, Han Kyu-Moo would not decipher Thomas’s death as an act of martyrdom. Furthermore, he rejected missionary Appenzeller’s martyrdom, who died in shipwreck on his way to attend the Bible Translators committee meeting in Mokpo. Among the primary sources perused for this work, various Korean documents, including The Veritable Records of King Kojong (Annals of King Gojong) and Oh Moon- Hwan’s excerpt, The General Sherman and the Last Moments of Missionary Thomas, which is found in The Biography of Reverend Thomas were more predominantly compared and studied. The review of other relative materials found The Annals of King Gojong with substantial problematic errors while affirming that The General Sherman and the Last Moments of Missionary Thomas, in The Biography of Reverend Thomas to correspond to the testimonies and various other Korean sources. If Thomas made his arrival to Korea in order that he may share the gospel as a missionary and died while sharing the gospel, moments before his death, then he should be considered a martyr. Additionally, since many came to believe in Jesus through his Bibles, gospel spread through the churches built upon their faiths and legalized missionary entrances creating suitable environment for the gospel, these fruits are ample evidence for us to recon him as a martyr.

이규보 연보 연구 (2)

박성규 ( Sung Kyu Park ) 한국한문교육학회 2005 한문교육논집 Vol.24 No.-

이규보 연보연구

박성규 ( Sung Kyu Park ) 한국한문학회 2004 韓國漢文學硏究 Vol.0 No.34

Composites of silica aerogels with organics: a review of synthesis and mechanical properties

Kyu‑Yeon Lee,Dinesh B. Mahadik,Vinayak G. Parale,박형호 한국세라믹학회 2020 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.57 No.1

Aerogels are considered as outstanding future materials owing to their wide surface area and three-dimensional network of silica particles, low density, low-thermal conductivity, high porosity, and low dielectric property. Their outstanding characteristics represent excellent potential applications in thermal insulation systems, aeronautical domains, environmental clean-up and protection, as heat storage devices, transparent windows, thickening agents in paints, etc. Among these applications, thermal insulating materials can play a vital role in living systems and for saving energy in various domestic and industrial processes. However, native silica aerogels are fragile and sensitive to relatively low pressures, which limit their application. More robust aerogels with higher strength and stiffness can be obtained by compounding silica networks with organoalkoxysilanes, polymers or using porous scaffolds as supports. This paper presents a review on the approaches for mechanical reinforcing methods for silica aerogels and recent achievements toward improving the strength of native silica aerogels. In addition, various characteristics derived from composite aerogels are analyzed synthetically.

Hepatic Cirrhosis Occurring in a Young Woodchuck(Marmota monax) Due to Vertical Transmission of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus(WHV)

Kyu-shik Jeong,정원일,Jae-yong Chung,Mi-young An,Chae-yong Jung,Gyoung-jae Lee,Jong-soo Kang,Byeong-cheol Kang,Young-heun Jee,Bruce H Williams,Young-oh Kwon,Da-hee Jeong 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2

Cirrhosis Occurring in a Young Woodchuck (Marmota monax) Due to Vertical Transmission of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV)Da-hee Jeong, Won-il Jeong, Jae-yong Chung, Mi-young An, Chae-yong Jung, Gyoung-jae Lee1, Jong-soo Kang1, Byeong-cheol Kang2, Young-heun Jee3, Bruce H Williams4, Young-oh Kwon5 and Kyu-shik Jeong*College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea1Shinwon Scientific Co., LTD, Research Institute, Suwon, Korea2Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea3College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea

Fabrication and High-Temperature Compressive Behavior of Unique Multi-Sheet Stacked Block Ni–Cr–Al Metallic Foam

Kyu‑Sik Kim,Tae‑Hoon Kang,박만호,Kee‑Ahn Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

Large unique block Ni–Cr–Al superalloy foam was fabricated using a combination method of powder-alloying, multi-sheetstacking, and hot compression processes. Subsequently, the compressive properties and deformation behaviors of multi-sheetstacked block metallic foam were investigated from room temperature to 1073 K. The analysis of the resulting structuralcharacteristics of the block foam showed that the interfaces between the sheets have complex strut interactions, such ascontacted (deformed) and intersected struts. The relative density was measured as 2.93% for sheet foam and 4.90% for blockfoam. The compressive deformation of sheet and block Ni–Cr–Al foams showed the typical compressive stress–strain curvesof plastically deformable metallic foams regardless of foam type. However, different deformation behaviors in the plateauregions were detected based on the type of foam. It is noteworthy that the yield strength of block foam showed a relativelylower value than that of sheet foam, even though the block foam had higher relative density. The existence of unique interfacesin the multi-sheet stacked block foam may have affected strength and plastic deformation. Finally, distinct compressivebehaviors related to the structural and microstructural characteristics of block Ni–Cr–Al foam are discussed.

The Sentence-Ending Suffix -Ketun in Spoken Korean Discourse: Sequential Organization of Informing as Account-Giving

Kyu- hyun Kim 한국사회언어학회 2010 사회언어학 Vol.18 No.1

Kim, Kyu-hyun. 2010. The Sentence-Ending Suffix - Ketun in Spoken Korean Discourse: Sequential Organization of Informing as Account-Giving. The Sociolinguistic journal of Korea 18(1). From a conversation-analytic perspective, this paper examines the ways in which the Korean sentence-ending suffix (SES) -ketun is used in naturally occurring spoken Korean discourse. Focusing on the question of how the practice of informing implemented by the ketun-utterance provides a basis for the sequentially implemented action of account-giving (Kim & Suh 2009), it analyzes (i) the nature of the information marked by -ketun in terms of how it is grounded, (ii) the sequential contexts where the informing sequence that -ketun generate i embedded, and (iii) features of the ketun-marked account with reference to the practices of formulating non-negotiable upshot, evoking positionaJly relevant identities, unpackaging information geared to enlightening the addressee. and stance-shifting. These practices are anaJyzed as being constitutive of the action-organizational features of the ketun-marked account, whose upshot is proposed to be that of evoking and managing the information gap or disparity in knowledge asserted by the speaker to exist between the participants.

A Conversation Analysis of Korean Sentence-Ending Modal Suffixes -ney, -kwun(a), and -ta: Noticing as a Social Action

Kyu-hyun Kim 한국사회언어학회 2004 사회언어학 Vol.12 No.1

Kim, Kyu-hyun. 2004. A Conversation Analysis of Korean Sentence-Ending Modal Suffixes -ney, -kwun(a), and -ta: Noticing as a Social Action. Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(1). Drawing upon H. S. Lee's (1993) cognitively-oriented research on the functions of three sentence-ending modal suffixes in Korean that are used to express newly perceived information, -ney, -kwun(a), and -ta, this study analyzes the distinct meanings of these suffixes from a conversation-analytic perspective (Sacks et al. 1974). The suffix -ney is used in the context in which the speaker notices a referent/event and makes an assessment on the spot in such a way that the speaker's stance displayed through the action is formulated as something that is to be immediately oriented to and contingently taken up by the hearer. In contrast, the suffix -kwun(a) is used when the speaker is mainly oriented to displaying a stance congruent with the prior talk. The action it organizes is often limited to acknowledging a point of the prior talk or having the hearer acknowledge the speaker's observation, often with a salient topic-curtailing and sequence-terminating import. The suffix -ta tends to orient the hearer to the next stage of the speaker's action (e.g., suggestion, warning, offer, etc.) to whose directive force the hearer is variably implicated as a beneficiary/facilitator. The interactional account offered in this paper is shown to complement Lee's cognitive account, with emphasis placed on examining the ways in which these suffixes are used as resources for organizing distinct types of social action.

국어 초점사 겨우 의 의미 분석 - 상 (相) 기능들을 중심으로 -

최규련(Kyu Ryun Choi) 한국어의미학회 1999 한국어 의미학 Vol.4 No.-

The goal of this research is the description and the analysis of the aspectual functions of the Korean Focus Particle `kyou` on various uses and the basic function of `kyou` independent of the contexts. As `tama, man, yoksi, to, simjio, kkaji, majo, cocha...`, `kyou` belongs to Korean Focus Particles (cf. Choi, Kyu-Ryun 1989, 1997, 1998 a/b/c, 1999a etc.). The Korean Focus Particle `kyou` is not only a sentential operator, but also an aspectual operator. In other words, on the one hand, `kyou` produces another sentence than the sentence without `kyou` and, on the other hand, it is used with respect to aspectual functions, too. According to whether `kyou` occurrs in imperfective sentences or in perfective sentences, the functions of `kyou` are different. The differences of the functions of `kyou` in imperfective sentences - `(relatively) early/minimal` - and in perfective sentences - `(relatively late/maximal` - result from the perspectives which are complementarily different regarding the relation between the focus value in question and the reference value under consideration. In perfective sentences, again, `kyou` has different functions according to the contexts, which concern `(relatively) short` and `(relatively) long` intervals between the utterance point and the focus. These differences of functions of `kyou` result from the complementarily different perspectives respecting the relation between the utterance point and the focus, too. Apart from the basic function - excluding the complement whose members are alternatives on a certain related scale under consideration with respect to the focus value -, `kyou` asserts that the focus value in question is not identified with the reference value under consideration. In addition to the expension of the basic function of `kyou` will be described and analysed.

Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on CoCl_(2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells

Yang, Kyu-Ho,Mo, Hyun-Chul,Choi, Nam-Ki,Kim, Seon-Mi,Kim,Won-Jae 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Neuronal apoptotic events, consequently resulting in neuronal cell death, are occurred in hypoxic/ischemic condition. This cell death has been shown to be accompanied with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can attack cellular components such as nucleic acids, proteins and phospholipid. However, the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis induced in hypoxic/ischemic condition and its treatment methods are unsettled. Cobalt chloride (CoCl_(2)) has been known to mimic hypoxic condition including the production of ROS. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). a green tea polyphenol, has diverse pharmacologial activities in cell growth and death. This study was aimed to investigate the apoptotic mechanism by CoCl_(2) and effects of EGCG on CoCl_(2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Administration of CoCl_(2) decreased cell survival in dose- and time-dependent manners and induced genomic DNA fragmentation. Treatment with 100 µM EGCG for 30 min before PC12 cells were exposed to 150 µM CoCl_(2), being resulted in the cell viability and DNA fragmentation being rescued. CoCl_(2) caused morphologic changes such as cell swelling and condensed nuclei, whereas EGCG attenuated morphologic changes by CoCl_(2). EGCG suppressed the apoptotic peak and a loss of Δψ_(m) induced by CoCl_(2). CoCl_(2) decreased Bcl-2 expression but Bax expression was not changed in CoCl_(2)-treated cells. EGCG attenuated the Bcl-2 underexpression by CoCl_(2). CoCl_(2) augumented the cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytoplasm and increased caspase-8, -9 and caspase-3 activity, a marker of the apoptotic executing stage. EGCG ameliorated the incruement in caspase-8, -9 and -3 activity, and cytochrome c release by CoCl_(2). NAC (N-acetyl-cysteine), a scavenger of ROS, attenuated CoCl_(2)-induced apoptosis in consistent with those of EGCG. These results suggest, that CoCl_(2) induces apoptotic cell death through both mitochondria- and death receptor-dependent pathway and EGCG has neuroprotective effects against CoCl_(2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. 신경세포자멸사는 저산소 및 허혈환경에서 일어나며 이러한 세포죽은 reactive oxidant species (ROS) 생성을 동반함이 알려져있다. 그러나, 저산소 및 허혈환경에서 일어나는 세포자멸사의 기전 및 그 치료방법은 아직 정립되어 있지 않다. CoCl_(2)는 ROS를 생성하는 등 저산소환경과 유사한 조건을 초래하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)는 녹차의 polyphenol 성분으로서 세포성장과 죽음에 다양한 약리학적 효과를 나타냄이 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 PC12 세포에서 CoCl_(2)에 의한 세포자멸사기전을 밝히고 이에 미치는 EGCG의 효과를 조사하는데 목적이 있다. Cell viability는 MTT 측정으로 조사되었고, DNA fragmentation은 DNA laddering으로 조사되었다. Bcl-2와 Bax발현 정도는 RT-PCR로, caspase-3와 -9의 활성은 spectrophotometer, caspase-8의 활성은 flow cytometry에 의해 측정되었다. 미토콘드리아에서 세포질로 분비된 cytochrome c는 western blot으로, 분해된 DNA 양과 미토콘드리아 세포막전위 (Δψ_(m))는 FACScan으로 조사되었다. CoCl_(2)투여로 PC12 세포수는 용량 및 시간 의존형태로 감소하였고, genomic DNA fragmentation이 발생하였다. CoCl_(2)투여로 야기된 cell viability의 감소와 DNA fragmentation은 EGCG 전처치에 의해 억제되었다. CoCl_(2)은 세포용적팽창과 condensed nuclei 같은 형태적 변화를 일으켰으며, apoptotic peak, Δψ_(m)감소 및 cytochrome c 유리를 야기하였다. EGCG는 CoCl_(2)에 의한 세포형태변화, apoptotic peak, Δψ_(m)소실 및 cytochrome c 유리를 억제시켰다. CoCl_(2)는 Bcl-2 발현을 감소시켰지만, Bax 발현에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. EGCG는 CoCl_(2)에 의해 야기된 Bcl-2 발현 감소를 억제시켰다. CoCl_(2)는 caspase-3, -8, 그리고 -9의 활성을 증가시켰으며, EGCG는 CoCl_(2)에 의한 세포자멸사를 억제시켰다. 본 실험결과는 PC12 세포에서 CoCl_(2)가 미토콘드리아 의존 및 death receptor의존 기전으로 세포자멸사를 일으키며, EGCG는 세포자멸사기전을 억세지킴으로 신경보호기능을 가짐을 시사하였다.