Elevational Distribution of Breeding Bird Communities in Seoraksan National Park, Korea

( Hyun-su Hwang ),( Jae-kang Lee ),( Tae-kyung Eom ),( Ho-kyoung Bae ),( Dong-ho Lee ),( Jong-hwan Lim ),( Sung-cheol Jung ),( Chan-ryul Park ),( Shin-jae Rhim ) 한국산림과학회(구 한국임학회) 2020 한국산림과학회지 Vol.109 No.1

In this study, the elevational distribution of breeding birds in Seoraksan National Park, Korea was investigated. Forty-six species of birds were documented from line transect surveys taken from Seorakdong at 230 m above sea level (a.s.l.) to the Daechungbong summit at 1708 m asl. Birdspecies richness and diversity were highest in Seorakdong and lowest at the Daechungbong summit. As elevation increased, bird species richness and diversity decreased, with a humped-shape trend being observed between 700 m and 1200 m a.s.l. Stepwise analyses revealed that breeding bird species diversity indices were significantly negatively correlated with elevation (r² = 0.327, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with vegetational coverage (r² = 0.324, P = 0.046). Higher elevations supported fewer birds than low and intermediate elevations. Projections at the local scale, including data on behavior and habitat use by birds, will be necessary for optimal conservation and management of the bird communities in Seoraksan National Park.

Elevational Distribution of Breeding Bird Communities in Seoraksan National Park, Korea

Hwang, Hyun-Su,Lee, Jae-Kang,Eom, Tae-Kyung,Bae, Ho-Kyoung,Lee, Dong-Ho,Lim, Jong-Hwan,Jung, Sung-Cheol,Park, Chan-Ryul,Rhim, Shin-Jae Korean Society of Forest Science 2020 한국산림과학회지 Vol.109 No.1

In this study, the elevational distribution of breeding birds in Seoraksan National Park, Korea was investigated. Forty-six species of birds were documented from line transect surveys taken from Seorakdong at 230 m above sea level (a.s.l.) to the Daechungbong summit at 1708 m asl. Birdspecies richness and diversity were highest in Seorakdong and lowest at the Daechungbong summit. As elevation increased, bird species richness and diversity decreased, with a humped-shape trend being observed between 700 m and 1200 m a.s.l. Stepwise analyses revealed that breeding bird species diversity indices were significantly negatively correlated with elevation (r² = 0.327, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with vegetational coverage (r² = 0.324, P = 0.046). Higher elevations supported fewer birds than low and intermediate elevations. Projections at the local scale, including data on behavior and habitat use by birds, will be necessary for optimal conservation and management of the bird communities in Seoraksan National Park.

배지의 종류가 식중독세균의 열손상으로 부터 회복에 미치는 영향

박찬성,김경희,김미림 慶山大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.12 No.1

10^6 - 10^7 cells/ml of pathogenic bacteria, vibrio parahaemolyticus 10135, Staphylococcus aureus 196E and Listeria monocytogenes were exposed at 45, 50 and 60℃ for 60 minutes in tryptic soy broth(TSB). Following thermal stress, cells were allowed to recover in three kinds of recovery media for 24 hour. TSB, Flounder homogenate and Oyster homegenate were used for heat injured Vibrio parahamolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus where as TSB, Listeria enrichment broth(LEB) and Oyster homogenate for Listeria monocytogenes as recovery media. Heat injury of Vibrio parahamolyticus was larger Staphylococcus aureus or Listeria monocytogenes at 50℃. Recovery of heat injured cells of Listeria monocytogenes was laster than other strains. TSB was a good media for recovery of heat injured cells but Oyster homogenate was poor.

조갑진균증에서 Ciclopirox Nail Lacquer의 치료효과

박경찬,김정애,방형돈,조광현,윤재일,김병수 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.3

배경 및 목적:조갑진균증의 치료에 있어 국소용 항진균제는 조갑판을 통과하지 못하기 때문에 치료율이 낮은 것으로 알려졌으나 최근 조갑판을 통과하여 조상에서도 높은 치료농도를 유지할 수 있는 국소용 항진균제인 ciclopirox nail lacquer가 개발되었다. 이에 본 저자들은 8% ciclopirox nail lacquer 단독 도포의 조갑진균증에서의 치료 효과와 안전성을 알아 보기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 방법:표적 조갑판의 감염된 면적의 비율이 50%이하인 경증의 조갑진균증 환자 27명을 평가 대상으로 하였으며 8% ciclopirox nail lacquer 1일 1회 도포요법으로 6개월간 치료하였다. 매 방문시마다 감염면적 비율을 기록하였고 치료 전과 치료 후 진균 검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 1)표적조갑판의 감염 면적이 치료 전 평균 28.9%에서 치료 종료시 4.7%로 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.001). 2)KOH 직접 도말 검사와 진균 배양 검사에서 모두 음성인 진균학적 완치율은 치료 종료시 77.8%였다. 3)부작용으로는 3명(11.1%)에서 일시적 작열감, 조갑 감입 등을 호소하였다. 결론:경증의 조갑진균증 치료에 있어 8% ciclopirox nail lacquer는 비교적 좋은 치료 효과를 보이며 부작용이 적은 약제로 생각된다. Background: Topical antifungal agents have been ineffective in the treatment of onychomycosis because they could not reach the infected nail bed. 8% ciclopirox nail lacquer is a new topical antimycotic which is characterized by excellent penetration into the nail plate. We performed a study to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of 8% ciclopirox nail lacquer in the treatment of onychomycosis. Methods: We assessed 27 onychomycotic patients whose affected area of target nail plate was not more than 50%. The patients were instructed to apply 8% ciclopirox nail lacquer once daily and evaluated monthly for 6 months. Mycological examinations were done before and after the treatment. Overall efficacy, tolerability, cosmetic acceptance and adverse effects were assessed at the end of 6 months' treatment. Results: The mean percentage of affected area decreased from 28.9% to 4.7%. Mycological cure rate was 77.8% at the end of the treatment. Overall efficacy assessed by physician and patients were similar and evaluated as complete cure in 48% and 44%, respectively. Tolerability and cosmetic acceptance were excellent or good in most of the patients. No systemic adverse effects were found, but 3 patients complained of mild prickling sensation or ingrowing toe nail. Conclusions: These data suggest that 8% ciclopirox nail lacquer is safe and effective in the treatment of mild onychomycosis.

마이크로파에 의한 Li₂O-2SiO₂글라스의 핵생성 및 결정 성장 거동

박희찬,박성수,김경태,김진남 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1998 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.55 No.-

Li₂O-SiO₂계 글라스를 재래식 열원과 마이크로파 열원으로 가열했을 때, 핵생성 및 결정화 거동을 비교 조사하였다. 전자주사현미경 분석, X선 회절 분석 및 시차열분석을 통하여 결과를 분석하였다. 재래식 열원과 마이크로파 열원으로 가열된 시편들의 핵생성 및 결정화 거동이 매우 상이하였다. 마이크로파가 시편내의 핵 생성을 억제시켰지만, 결정 성장은 축진시켰다고 추측된다. A comparison of nucleation and crystallization of Li₂O-SiO₂glass system under between the conventional and microwave heating was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and differential thermal analysis were used to evaluate the results. Nucleation and crystallization behaviors under the microwave heating appeared largely different from under the conventional heating. It was assumed that microwaves inhibitied nucleation, but accelerted crystal growth.

중학생의 과외자율체육 참여가 사회성 발달에 미치는 영향

박찬홍,여경환 公州大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 2005 스포츠科學硏究所論文集 Vol.17 No.-

School has a responsibility on its students for making their ideal sense of values and guiding them correctly to physical, mental and social health. If we consider this fact, we'll understand the reason why the physical education in middle school has a awful lot meaning to the students. So the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence that an Intramural Sports Involvement of a Middle School has on social implications development. The subject of this study were 330 non-athletes Middle School students in Daejeon Metropolitan City selected by the stratified cluster random sampling. And I studied 317 students among them finally. For the method of collecting the data, I chose the questionnaire written by Jung, Bum-Mo(1971) and standardized by the study of Han, Tae-Ryong. And the numerical value of this data was Cronbach' a=.62 For analyzing the data, I used the technical statistics and the one-way ANOVA. So the conclusion of the influences that an Intramural Sports Involvement of a Middle School has on social implications development. 1. The development of socialization according to the vital statistical has similar differences among groups. About the difference of the development of socialization according to the gender, male students are superior to female students in direction and self control and female students are superior to male students in stability and social contact. About the difference of the development of socialization according to the grade, lower graders are superior to higher graders. 2. The development of socialization according to an Intramural Sports participation has similar differences among groups. About the difference of the development of socialization according to the time of the participation, the activity and the direction are proportional to the time or the participation. And about the difference of the development of socialization according to the period of the participation, the activity and the self control are proportional to the period of the participation.

정신연습이 매트운동의 기능향상에 미치는 영향

정회경,박찬홍 公州大學校스포츠科學硏究所 1998 스포츠科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.12

In this study it was dealt how many effects mental practice made on improving a cartwheel skill in gymnastics. As an experiment, eighty students chosen at random from four classes of C high school were divided into four groups and the first group did physical practice, the second group did mental practice the third did mental and physical practice and the fourth did controlled practice twice a week for eight weeks. As a result of this study it was show that when preliminary test was given, there were not meaningful differences among these groups and after that I came to know that in a post-test physical and mental practice had an effect on developing the skill of gymnastics ( turning cartwheels with hands on the floor) and when especially physical and mental practice were carried out together, the effect was increased. This study shows that 1. mental practice has an effect on developing the skill in gymnastics (turning cartwheels with hands on the floor). 2. when physical practice and mental practice are carried out together, though there is not a meaningful difference, it is more effective than when only physical practice is given. 3. when physical practice and mental practice are carried out together, its effect is more increased than when only mental practice is given.

아파트 프로젝트의 시공성 실무적용방안 분석에 관한 연구

한경훈,김문규,박찬식 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1

Process of construction project is made of plan, design, procurement, construction, and maintenance, which are closely related each other. for the success of project, each step of process should maintain the interface. The concept of constructability appeared in the practical business of an advanced country to maximize efficient integration. However, the concept of constructability in our country is not used in overall process to optimize each phase. To proceed the study, first, impact factors of constructability were identified, and had an interview with professionals. As a result, complexity of design in design phase, and responsibility of the contractors in construction phase are analyzed as the most important thing. Based on this result, I made secondary survey to identify the facts needs to be considered to applicate the analysis on the practical business. As the result of secondary survey, the ranking of considerations for application of practical business was identified. Therefore, this study suggested the basic direction to the applications of constructability.

자동차 공조용 핀형 열교환기의 성능특성에 관한 연구

홍경한,전상신,이승재,박찬수,권일욱,김재열,김병철,하옥남 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Fin-tube type(Fin-type) heat exchanger has been tested in order to replace the heat exchanger of parallel flow type(P.F-type) which is now widly used in automobile air conditioning system. The following conclusions are drawn by the comparison of the characteristics of the heat exchangers. Evaporator and condenser capacities and COP(Coefficience of performance) were varied as with the compressor speed, outdoor air temperature and air flow rate changed, which much influenced on the characteristics of the air conditioning system. Evaporator and condenser capacities were increased with increasing compressor speed and outdoor air temperature. Evaporator and condenser pressures of Fin- type were decreased by 7% and 5% respectively compared with those of P.F-type. The COP of Fin-type was decreased with increasing outdoor air temperature and compressor speed. The COP of P.F-type was decreased by 14% compared with that of Fin-type.

소아 흉통의 원인질환에 따른 임상양상

장국찬,김은영,노영일,양은석,문경래,박영봉 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.2

목적: 소아에서의 흉통은 흔히 접하게 되며 일반적으로 좋은 경과를 보인다. 가장 흔한 원인으로 특발성, 골격계이상, 위장관계 질환 등이 다양하게 언급되고 있으며 감별진단이 쉽지 않아 여러 검사를 시행하게 된다. 자세한 병력청취와 진찰이 진단에 가장 중요하다고 하지만 통계적 의의를 보고한 바는 드물다. 이에 흉통 원인을 분류하고 각각의 임상양상을 파악하여, 병력 청취와 진찰소견의 감별진단에 대한 유용성과 시행 검사들의 의의를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2004년 3월 부터 2007년 8월 까지 조선대학교 병원 소아청소년과에 흉통을 주소로 방문한 환아 77명을 대상으로 하였다. 연령, 성별, 흉통의 위치, 지속시간, 양상, 빈도, 방문까지 걸린 시간, 동반증상, 유발인자의 각 항목과 원인 질환과의 관련성을 분석하였다. 흉부방사선, 심전도, 심초음파, 24시간 Holter, 운동부하 심전도, 상부 위장관 조영술, 24시간 pH 검사, 위내시경, 심근효소를 검사 하였다. 결과: 평균 나이는 10.2±2.8세로 6세에서 11세까지가 48명(62.3%)으로 가장 많은 분포를 보였고 남아 42명(54.5%), 여아 35명(45.5%)이었다. 흉통의 위치는 좌측이 32명(41.6%), 양상은 콕콕 찌르는 것이 27명(35.1%)으로 가장 많았고 지속시간은 1분미만이 36명(46.8%), 1-5분 사이가 28명(36.4%)으로 대부분 5분 미만이었다. 흉통 원인은 특발성이 27례(35.1%)로 가장 많았고, 위장관 질환 23례(29.9%), 늑골 연골염 12례(15.6%), 심혈관 질환 7례(9.1%), 정신신체화 질환 6례(7.8%), 폐질환 2례(2.6%)였다. 여아에서 연령이 높을수록 정신신체화 질환의 빈도가 높았다(P= 0.046). 흉골 하부 통증을 호소한 17명 중 13명(76.5%)이 위장관 질환으로 통계적으로 유의하였다(P= 0.023). 정신 신체화 질환은 6명에서, 위장관 질환도 20명(86.9%)에서 흉통지속시간이 5분 미만이었으나 통계적 의의는 없었다. 흉통 양상 중 타는 듯한 양상을 호소한 7명중 6명에서 위장관 질환이 원인이었으나 통계적 의의는 없었다. 선택 시행 검사 중 심초음파는 32명중 3례(9.4%), 24시간 Holter 검사는 13명중 5례(35.7%), 24시간 pH 검사는 28명 중 16례(57.1%)에서 이상소견을 보였다. 결론: 소아 흉통 환자 중 연령이 높은 여아에서는 정신 신체화 장애를, 흉골 하부 통증을 호소한 경우는 위장관 질환을 먼저 생각하는 것이 좋다고 판단된다. 흉통원인으로 위장관 질환의 빈도가 높고 시행검사들의 진단율을 볼때, 소아 흉통 환아 에서는 상부 위장관 조영술 등 위장관 질환의 검사를 기본적으로 시행하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Chest pain in children is usually benign. Chest pain in children results from a wide variety of causes. Differential diagnosis of causes is not easy and then many diagnostic approach is trying. Careful history and physical exams must guide the assessment of children with chest pain. The purpose of this study intends to evaluate children with chest pain and usefulness of careful history, physical examination and several diagnostic examinations. Methods: From March 2004 to August 2007, 77 patients presented with chest pain were enrolled. we evaluated age, sex, characteristics of chest pain (location, duration, description, frequency), accompanying symptoms, increasing reasons and relationship with cause of chest pain. Chest x-ray and ECG were checked in all patients. Cardiologic and gastrointestinal evaluations were checked when considered necessary. Results: The male and female ratio was 0.55:0.45, mean age 10.2 ± 2.8 year. Common ages of chest pain were 10 to 12 years old (38case, 49.3%). The location was on the left precordium in 32cases (41.6%) of the patients. The most common diagnostic findings of chest pain were idiopathic(27cases, 35.1%), gastrointestinal disorder (23cases, 29.9%), costo chondritis (12cases, 15.6%), cardiovascular disorder (7cases, 9.1%), psychosomatic disorder(6cases, 7.8%) and pulmonary disorder (2cases, 2.6%). Older children in female were more likely to have a psychosomatic cause (P= 0.046). The patients complained chest pain on substernal area were 17cases and 13cases (76.5%) were diagnosed as gastrointestinal disorder (P= 0.023). Positive findings of echocardio graphy, 24hr Holter ECG and 24hr pH monitoring were present in 3 (9.4%), 5 (35.7%) and 16 (57.1%) of the patients respectively. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal disorders are common causes and positive diagnostic rate of gastrointestinal evaluation is relatively high in children with chest pain. Old girls are more likely to have a psychosomatic disorder and substernal pain is the reliable sign to be considered as a gastrointestinal disease in children with chest pain. Hence, Diagnostic approach of gastrointestinal disease such as upper GI should be performed basically in mostly children with chest pain.