정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

반복적인 실신 및 실신전환자의 기립경사 검사시 뇌혈류 변화

조수진,김준수,이광호,정진상,송희정,이상철,서정돈,이원로 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Microwave Absorption Characteristics of U-Type Ferrite Powders According to Substitution Elements and Its Compositions

Kwang‑Pil Jeong,Su‑Won Yang,Jin‑Hyuk Choi,Jeong‑Gon Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.8

In this study, partially substituted U-type ferrite (Ba4MexCo2-xFe36O60, Me: Mn, Ni, Zn, x=0.5 and 1.0) powders weresynthesized by sol–gel method. The powders were analyzed for phase formation, morphology and magnetic properties byXRD, FE-SEM and VSM respectively. The synthesized ferrite powders were pressed into a series of toroidal shaped samples,in which the weight ratio of parafn to powder was 1:5. The complex scattering parameters were measured by using vectornetwork analyzer in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz and were employed in the calculation of refection loss with variousthicknesses. The minimum refection loss was observed in the substituted nickel sample as−24.4 dB (absorption rate 99.6%)with a thickness of 2.5 mm and the bandwidth was achieved 4.8 GHz (from 7.5 to 12.3 GHz) for refection loss≤ −10 dBin the substituted zinc sample.

北韓山 森林群落의 植物社會學的 硏究

진희성,김광래,안봉원 경희대학교 부설 식량자원개발연구소 1982 硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-

The vertical distribution of the canopy trees in Mt. Bukhan was studied by quadrat method. In this mountain, there were distributed about 126 species of main trees and forest communities consist of Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum var. koreanum, Sorbus alnifolia, Quercus acutissima and so on. The change of forest communities according to the elevation of this mountain was not conspicious. As the elevation heightened of this mountain, the importance value and summed dominance ratio of Fraxinus rhynchophlla and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum var. koreanum increased, while those of Quercus variabilis lowered. Through all the area of this mountain, mean importance value of Quercus mongolica was high. There appeared difference type of vegetation between valley and ridge area but no directional recognize in the kind of plant species though very few species were limited in a limitted part, such as Celtis aurantica of the ridge area, and Quercus acutissima × variabilis of Jeongnung valley. In each study area, Pinus densiflora on the floor was abundant and the summed dominance ratio of Sorbus alnifolia, Quercus serrata and Quercus aliena were high to the elevation range for 250-350m. As the elevation hghtened, the mean of total base value of soil samples in study area was high but the mean of O,M. and available phosphate value of those did not show a fixed tendency. The relationship of the importance value of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and the mean of total base value of soil in study area showed a significant and positive correlation. The index of similarity of the forest communities to the valley and ridge area, and to the southeast and northwest side of Mt. Bukhan were 63.7, 67.7% respectively.

北漢山 森林群落의 植物社會學的 硏究

진희성,김광래,안봉원 慶熙大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The vertical distribution of the canopy trees in Mt.Bukhan was studied by quedrat method. In this mountain, there were distributed about 126 species of main trees and forest communities consist of Quercus mongolica, pinus densiflora, Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum var. koreanum, Sorbus alnifolia, Quercus acutissima and so on. The change of forest communities according to the elevation of this mountain was not conspicious. As The elevation heightened of this mountain, the importance value and summed dominance ratio of Fraxinus rhynchophlla and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum var. koreanum increased, while those of Quercus variabilis lowered. Through all the area of this mountain, mean importance value of Quercus mongolica was high. There appeared difference type of vegetation between valley and ridge area but no directional recognize in the kind of plant species though very few species were limited in a limitted part, such as Celtis aurantica of the ridge area, and Quercus acutissima x variabilis of Jeongnung valley. In each study area, Pinus densiflora on the floor was abundant and the summed dominance ratio of Sorbus alnifolia, Quercus serrata and Quercus aliena were high to elevation range for 250-350m. As the elevation hghtened, the mean of total base value of soil samples in study area was high but the mean of O,M. and available phosphate value of those did not show a fixed tendency. The relationship of the importance value of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and the mean of total base value of soil in study area showed a significant and positive correlation. The index of similarity of the forest communities to the valley and ridge area, and to the southeast and northwest side of Mt.Bukhan were 63.7, 67.7% respectively.

사체신 이식 15예의 결과 분석

곽진영,박찬대,이광수,원치규,강종명,박한철,이춘용,우영남 大韓移植學會 1993 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.7 No.1

사각블록을 갖는 채널내의 유체운동에 관한 수치해석적 연구

정경진,김광추,이종원,김종현 慶熙大學校 레이저 工學硏究所 1994 레이저공학 Vol.5 No.-

A numerical study of fluid flow in the channel with rectangular blocks is performed by using finite volume method. SIMPLER algorithm and Power-law scheme are used for numerical scheme. Numerical computation is divided into the precomputation and the main computation. In the precomputation, driven square cavity and backward-facing step are studied, and the results are shown to agree with other numerical and experimental data. In the main computation, convergence become more slow as the Reynolds number is increased. For flow fields near blocks, the severe pressure gradient is formed near the upper-left corner, and recircular zones are formed in the front and rear of blocks and in the space of blocks. In addition, the size of the recircular zone become larger as the Reynolds number increases.

들깻잎이 재배 및 저장기간중 Procymidone 및 Bifenthrin의 잔류량변화

고광용,이용재,원동준,박혜진,이규승 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.1

들깻잎에서 procymidone과 bifenthrin의 경우 안전사용기준인 약제살포 후 5일에 각각의 농도가 38.16, 1.77 mg/kg 이지만 이는 살포 조건과 재배환경에 따른 농약의 초기부착농도가 높은데서 기인한 것이라고 예상되어진다. 앞에서의 결과들로 미루어 볼 때 일반적인 농약의 안전사용기준으로 농약을 처리한다면 최초살포 이후 재배기간에서 5일간 50% 이상 이 분해되고 10일 후에는 90%이상이 분해된다. 또한 상온저장 중 20~40%가 분해되며 수돗물 세척에 의해서 만으로도 50%이상이 제거되므로 조리과정을 감안하지 않더라도 초기살포량의 약 90%는 분해 또는 제거되어 안전사용기준에 의거하여 사용한다면 두 약제 모두 MRL이하로 잔류하게 되어 별다른 문제가 없을 것으로 예상되어진다. 하지만 현행법상 수확 시점에 그 잔류량을 조사하도록 되어 있으므로 깻잎의 경우 재배가 대부분 하우스에서 이루어짐을 감안한다면 두 약제 모두 초기살포시 작물체로서의 부착량이 많을 경우에 수확시점에서의 잔류량이 MRL을 상회할 가능성도 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이에 따른 약제 사용량의 축소나 저농도 약제의 사용, 살포일수의 조정 등에 관한 연구가 필요하다고 본다. In order to know residual pattern of pesticides and to predict degradation period until below MRL, we experimented with procymidone and bifenthrin for perlua leaf which were the most detected pesticides by NAQS (National Agriculture-product Quality management Service) survey. In this experiment, we sprayed those pesticides 10 days before harvest and analyzed 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 day samples to establish logical equation and to calculate DT_(50). Also degradation patterns of those samples were compared during storage at 4℃ and 20℃. During cultivating period, procymidone residue amount was changed from 79.52 mg/kg (0 day) to 4.2 mg/kg, DT_(50) was 2.65 days by logical-equation, and bifenthrin residue amount was changed from 5.03 mg/kg (0 day) to 0.17 mg/kg, DT_(50) was 2.24 days. During storage period, DTso of procymidone and bifenthrin at 4℃ was 12.23 days and 10.57 days, and at 20℃ was 6.32 days and 8.2 days, respectively.

불량 단감을 이용한 속성 감식초의 제조와 품질 평가

정용진,신승렬,강미정,서지형,원충연,김광수 동아시아식생활학회 1996 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.6 No.2

This study was performed to analyze general components such as, organic acids, alcohols and minerals in persimmon vinegar made with quick fermented using deteriorated sweet persimmon and four commercial vinegars(rice vinegar, apple vinegar, brewed vinegar, traditional persimmon vinegar) purchased in local markets for quality evaluation. The pH and total acidity of all vinegars were in the range of 2.02~3.02 and 4.62~9.78%, respectively. The pH of quick fermented persimmon vinegar(A) was relatively higher than that of others. Acidity was the highest in brewed vinegar. Total sugar content was in the range of 0.45~6.43%. These contents were high in were high in traditional persimmon vinegar wherase low in brewed vinegar. Total nitrogen and amino-nitrogen were in the range of 0.025~0.046% and 0.015~0.029%. Organic acids were identified as acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, formic acid and oxalic acid. While major minerals of all vinegars were Mg, Ca, and Na, minor minerals were Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe.

정신분열병 환자에서 운동 활동 자극시의 기능적 자기 공명 영상

박원명,채정호,배치운,안국진,전태연,김대진,김광수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.1

연구목적: 최근 기능적 자기공명영상(functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: fMRI)이 효과적인 기능적 뇌조영술로 각광받고 있다. 환편 정신분열병 환자들에서 연성 신경학적 증상이 많이 관찰된다는 것을 잘 알려진 사실이다. 본 연구는 연성 신경학적 증상을 검사하고 운동 과제 시행 중 fMRI를 검사하여 나타나는 두뇌 활성도가 정신분열병, 비정신분열병 정신증 및 정상 대조군 간에 차이가 있는가를 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 방법: 9명 정신분열병, 6명의 비정신분열병 정신증, 및 6명의 건강한 대조군에서 손가락 마주치기 과제와 주먹-원 만들기 검사 과제를 활성 과제로 하고 휴식 상태를 휴지 과제로 하는 혈액산소수준의존 fMRI를 시행하였다. 각 과제별로 좌우측 운동 중추와 부운동중추의 활성화 복셀 수와 편측화 지수를 산출하였다. 결과: 정신분열병 환자군은 비정신분열병 환자군과 대조군에 비하여 손가락 마주치기 과제 수행시 유의하게 우측 운동 중추 활성화 복셀 수가 많았으며 유의한 역편측화를 나타내었다. 결론: 본 연구 결과를 통하여 정신분열병 환자군은 연성 신경학적 증상을 검사하는 운동 과제 수행시 특이한 역편측화된 두뇌 활성화를 일으킨다는 것과 향후 fMRI가 정신분열병의 병태생리를 조사하는데에 유용한 방법이 될 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Objectives : Recently, functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) has been an important tool for mapping in various functional brain disorders. And it is known that soft neurologic signs are frequently found in schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of cerebral activation to motor tasks examining soft neurologic signs in patients with schizophrenia, non-schizophrenic psychoses, and control subjects, using functional MRI. Methods : Nine patients with schizophrenia, and six patients with non-schizophrenic psy-choses, and six healthy control subjects were examined. A prardigm, in a resting condition followed by an activation state(finger-to-thumb opposition task and fist-ring task by right hand)was used for blood oxygen level dependent f-MRI. Activated voxels in both motor cortices and supplementary motor cortex were recorded and the lateralization index of cortical respons was measured. Results : Patients with schizophrenia showed typical increased activation in right motor cortex and reversed lateralization by finger-to-thumb opposition task compared with non-schizophrenic psychoses and contol subjects. Conclusion : The present study provides evidence for specific reversed lateralizaiton in fMRI brain activation by motor task in patients with schizophrenia. FMRI will be used as a powerful tool for elucidating the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.