야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

디자인 교육의 아이디어를 위한 창조성에 관한 연구

이관식,신승혁 경복대학 2002 京福論叢 Vol.6 No.-

고도화된 현대 사회에서 점차 발전의 속도는 가속화 되고 있으며 새로움에 대한 인간의 욕구 역시 복잡 다양해지고 고도화 되고 있다. 특히 새로움이란 창조성의 필요성과 중요성이 인식됨에 파라 창조성의 이해와 개발, 그 실천응용부분에 대한 연구는 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 창조성의 본질을 파악하고 디자인 초기단계에서의 문제형성을 위해 체계적이고 전반적인 창조성 접근을 실행하는 방법을 계발함으로써 문제를 발견하고 잠정적 해결안들 내포한 일차적 초기 컨셉을 수립하는 과정에서 창조적, 종합적, 직관적 사고를 하도록 유도하는 방법을 제시 하고자 한다. In a high level of modern society, a face of growing is accelerating gradually. Desire of the human being for brand new is going to be complex, diverse and high level, too. Particularly, as the brand new is perceived the need and importance of creativity, the comprehension and development of creativity, and therefore the study on its practical application is required. At the first stage of design, this study focuses on grasping the essence of creativity and developing the program to practice a creative approachsystematically and generally. Hereupon, this thesis proposes the plan of Incitement to creative, comprehensive and imuitive consideration in the process of devising a primary concept.

제3회, 제4회 한국어 능력시험 어휘 평가 연구

이관식 경희대학교 인문학연구소 2000 인문학연구 Vol.4 No.-

Of the many areas that are evaluated in the Koran Proficiency Test the study here focuses on the vocabulary area of the 3rd Korean Proficiency Test that was carried out last year and this year's 4th Korean Proficiency Test. This study analyzes mainly the areas related to vocabulary in the higher levels(5th and 6th class) of expression area and raises several points at issue that appeared during the evaluation and counterplans that correspond to them. It has also been suggested that the vocabulary area of the Korean Proficiency Test be evaluated independently. The reason why the vocabulary area has been selected as the subject of study is because it is closely related to many of the other areas including grammar. Another reason is because not only is vocabulary a valid and basic way of evaluating one's communication skills but it is also efficient in serving as a standard when trying to understand a learner's overall language competence even by itself. The Korean Proficiency test having been first carried out in 1997 and a total of 4 times uptill today is now considered to be an authorized examination of evaluating Korean language competence. However, in order for this test to be carried out more efficiently there are improvements that need to be made. The study here therefor has selected the vocabulary area alone(among the higher level curriculum of the expression area) as the subject of study. A number of counterplans will be presented after the issues of whether or whether not the criteria of evaluating vocabulary had been provided as it should have, if there was a wide variety of problems, and whether the selection of vocabulary was appropriate were looked over. The problem types were not leveled out and the vocabulary selected did not correspond with the problem. This was where improvements needed to be made in the vocabulary area and the counterplans that were presented are as followed. First, the types of vocabulary evaluation questions must be unified so that they are appropriate for each level. Second, the difficulty of each level must be taken under consideration. Third, either the vocabulary evaluation be made independent or else it should be made a part of both the "comprehension" and the "expression" area. Fourth, a certain standard must be made for each level of the test's degree of difficulty and reliance. Fifth, the type of questions and intention need to suit the communication skills level of the learner. When vocabulary and it's characteristics are thought to be the basis of communication, The Korean Proficiency Test's vocabulary area is of great importance therefor the same amount of research and interest must be called to attention.

창의성 교육에 있어 감성 이미지를 이용한 아이디어 발상 연구

이관식 경복대학 2003 京福論叢 Vol.7 No.-

디자인교육에 있어 가장 중요한 핵은 창의적 아디디어의 발상이다. 이는 자신의 내적,외적환경과 자신만의 경험, 지식등으로 이루어진 자기철학 및 자신의 감성확립에 기초를 두고있다. 그러나 급변하는 사회속에서 디자인의 중요성과 필요성이 나타나는데도 불구하고 아직까지 창의성과 창작감각을 고루갖춘 인재양성을 위한 준비가 미흡한 실정이다. 감성이미지를 이용한 디자인이 필요한 이유는 감성시대를 살고있는 현대인의 정서를 파악하는 일이다. 이에따라 그들이 원하는 요구를 분석평가후 데이터베이스를 구축해 디자이너가 활용하도록 체계화된 감성이미지 발상방법을 조기에 정착하여야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 아이디어 발상법의 비교와 새로운 감성이미지를 이용한 아이디어 발상법을 제시해 질높은 디자인 교육환경이 조성될 수 있다는 점에서 의미가 있다 하겠다. The most important thing in design education is brainstorming. It is based on one's own philosophy and the emotion established from one's environment, experience, and knowledge. Unfortunately, however, despite the importance and necessity of design in the fast changing society, the preparation for the upbringing of manpower with creativity and creative sensibility runs short of much endeavor. The reason the design using emotional image is needed is that the design is the very thing through which to understand the emotion of modern people. Hence the necessity, after the analysis and evaluation of the need of modern people, of the early establishment of the way to systematically arouse emotional image for the designer to adopt. Therefore, this study, through comparison of the established brainstorming method with that of new emotional image, aims to create a new and quality environment of design education.

지방화 시대의 지역 이벤트에 관한 연구

이관식 경복대학 1997 京福論叢 Vol.1 No.-

WTO 출범에 따른 무한 경쟁시대를 맞아 위기를 극복하기 위한 효율적이고 합리적인 농정계획과 방향이 모색되고 있다. 지자체의 전면적 실시에 따라 중앙정부 의존 방식에서 탈피함으로써 각 지자체는 지역특유의 이벤트를 적극 주관하여 외부 방문객을 유치, 지역이미지 개선을 물론 침체된 곳에 활력을 주고 지역 주민들의 단합된 응집력을 유도해 내는 것이 지방화 시대의 지역 이벤트의 핵심적인 관건이다. 또한 지역 이벤트는 지역 공동체의 문화적 정체성(正體性)을 확립시키고 지역 주민의 삶의 질을 높여 줄뿐만 아니라 지역경제를 살찌우는 문화적 자원으로 각광받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지자체에서 지역 이벤트 현황과 포천군을 중심으로 한 관광 및 이벤트, 향토 특산물의 실태를 소개하고 분석정리함으로서 지역 이벤트 연구의 기초적인 틀을 마련하 고자 한다. 이를 위해서 현행 지자체에서의 지역 이벤트의 실태 및 분석, 문제점, 개선방안 등에 대하여 검토했다. 위의 사항을 기틀로 지방화시대의 지역 이벤트의 활로와 전망에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. With entrance to WTO, the local goverments have geared themselves to make effective and rationalized agricultural administration plan in order to cope with the difficulties of fierce competition. With the implementation of Local autonomy system, local governments away from centralization have held various events peculiar to their own area in order to attract visitors, to improve image of the area and to vitalize the local comunity as well. In the era of localization, the main focus on the events is to incite the united solidar ity of the local people by introduction and well maintenance of their own culture. Also the events are welcomed as it contribute in establishing the cultural identity of the community and in deve loping the economy of the community as well as improving the quality of life. In this research, I would like to make a fundamental ground for the research on the events by local community by analyzing the current situations of the events and the tourism promotion activities and specialties of Pocheon-kun. In addition, with the result of analysis on the current situation of local events, I have investigated in the events of Pocheon area, its specialties, the current problems it has and the improvements. Through this research, I would like to look into the prospect of the local events in the era of localization.

웹 기반 8051 마이크로콘트롤러 교육 컨텐츠 구현

최관순,이순홈,김동식 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2004 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.10 No.2

원격 교육시스템의 구현은 인터넷의 기술의 급격한 발전과 함께 활발하게 연구가 진행 되고 있다. 공학 분야에서 원격 교육시스템을 구현하는데 가장 큰 제약사항은 하드웨어의 제어이다. 본 연구에서는 8051 원격 컴파일 시스템을 구현하였으며, 시스템의 구성은 학습자가 웹에서 8051실습 키트를 직접 제어해보며 학습하도록 할 것이다. 학습자는 C언어와 어셈블리어로 8051제어 소스를 작성하고 작성된 소스파일을 서버에 업로드 하여 컴파일 및 링크할 수 있다. 이 과정을 통해 생성된 실행파일을 서버에 연결되어있는 8051 실습키트에 다운로드하여 실행하도록 구현하였다. 또한, 실행 결과의 확인은 웹 카메라를 통해 학습자의 PC에 영상데이터를 전송하여 8051키트의 동작을 학습자들이 확인하게 된다.

有機燐劑 取扱者의 血中 Cholinesterase 値의 變化

盧寬植,李性寬,鄭鍾學 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

職業的으로 長期間 有機燐劑 農藥에 露出됨으로 해서 臨床的인 中毒症狀은 없으나 慢性的인 中毒이나 有害度를 파악하여 中毒을 豫防하고 作業環墳의 改善과 職業轉換을 誘導하는데 本硏究의 目的을 두었다. 1979年 6月부터 1980年 10月 사이에 勤勞者 定期身體檢査時期를 擇하여 農藥製造業體 勤勞者 112名과 農藥과 關係가 없는 職種의 勤勞者 81名을 對照群으로 有機燐劑露出者에 對한 吸收程度를 나타내는 指標인 血中 cholinesterase의 水準을 測定한 成績을 다음과 같이 要約한다. 赤血球의 cholinesterase値가 露出群은 平均 0.67ΔpH인데 비하여 對照群은 0.75ΔpH였고 血漿의 cholinesterase値도 露出祥이 平均 0.78ΔpH인데 비하여 對照群은 0.90ΔpH로서 赤血球나 血漿에서 다같이 對照祥에 비해 露出群의 cholinesterase抑制를 認定할 수 있었다. Cholinesterase의 抑制程度가 中毒症狀을 나타낼 程度는 아니라도 20% 以上 抑制된 例가 赤血球에서 露出群이 17.0%였고 對照群은 2.5%였으며 血漿에서 露出群이 48.2%인데 비하여 對照群은 7.4%로 有意한 差異를 認定할 수 있었으며 赤血球 보다는 血漿 cholinesterase 抑制가 더 顯著했다. 血液學的 및 生化學的 檢査에서 露出群과 對照群 사이에 뚜렷한 變化를 發見할수 없으며 正常範圍內에 있었다. 長期問 有機燐劑 露出者에 對해서는 週期的인 cholinesterase測定으로 中毒을 豫防할 수 있을 것으로 思料된다. This study was undertaken in order to prevent organic phosphate intoxication, to improve the working environment, and to recommend to transfer the work of the people who were chronically exposed to organophosphorous pesticides but who do not show any clinical symptoms. Blood cholinesterase activity value which is and important indicator of absorption of the organophosphorous pesticides was measured in 112 exposed men who worked at organic phosphate industry, and in 81 men as controls who worked at other industries, and were not exposed to these pesticides from June, 1979 till October, 1980. The results are as follows: Mean value of RBC cholinesterase activity was 0.67ΔpH in the exposed group and 0.75ΔpH in the control group, respectively. Mean value of plasma cholinesterase activity was 0.78ΔpH in the exposed group and 0.90ΔpH in the control group, respectively. There were significant differences in cholinesterase activity levels in RBC and plasma between exposed and control groups (p<0.001). Both RBC and plasma cholinesterase activities were significantly diminished in the exposed group compared to control group. Subjects with lower blood cholinesterase activity did not show any clinical symptoms of organic phosphate intoxication. However, percentage of subjects who showed to be decreased to 20% or more of the RBC and plasma cholinesterase activities was higher in the exposed group(17.0% and 48.2%, respectively) than in the control group(2.8% and 7.4%, respectively). Cholinesterase activity in plasma was decreased more profoundly than that in RBC. There were no significant differences in hematological, and other biochemical parameters between exposed and control groups. In persons who were occupationally exposed to organophosphorous pesticides for a long period, blood cholinesterase activity determinations should be made periodically in order to prevent organic phosphate intoxication.

영산강 상류일부의 水質汚染에 관한 調査硏究 : 산동교를 중심해서

류일광,이치영,강영식,김관천 광주보건대학 1990 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

Water quality of Young San river was examined for 3 months from April 12, 1989. to Jun 12, 1989. For checking the water quality 4 sampling position were selected. The results we obtained are as follows. 1. The average for Young San river was 6.6∼7.4 of pH, 3.6∼8.7mg/ℓof Dissolved dxygen (DO), 18.67∼33.47mg/ℓof chemical oxygen demand (COD), 47.66∼250mg/ℓ of suspended solid (SS), 37.83∼114.66mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction maters, 5.16∼6.63mg/ℓ of BOD. 2. The monthly average for Young San river was 6.5∼7.5 pH,3.5∼10.4mg/ℓ of DO. 15.07∼48.90mg/ℓ COD, 6.2∼10.2 mg/ℓ of BOC, 2∼250mg/ℓ of SS. 2∼124mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction mater, in April, 6.2∼7.5 of pH, 3.5∼8.2mg/ℓ of DO, 2.4∼5.7mg/ℓ BOD, 18.21∼32mg/ℓ of COD, 16∼123mg/ℓ of SS, 9.5∼95mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction matter, in May 6.9∼7.5 of pH, 3.8∼7.50mg/ℓ of pH, 3.8∼7.50mg/ℓ of DO, 4.0∼5.8mg/ℓ of BOD, 18.23∼of COD, 123∼163mg/ℓ of SS, 102∼125mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction matter in Jun. 3. The sampling positions averag for Young San San river was 6.9∼7.5 of pH, 7.5∼10.4mg/ℓ of DO, 15.07∼22.8mg/ℓ of COD, 3.5∼6.2mg/ℓ of BOD, 2∼125mg/ℓ of ss, 2∼102mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction matter in posiction 1.7.3∼7.5 of pH, 6.0∼7.5mg/ℓ of DO, 46.25∼52.05mg/ℓ of COD, 2.4∼8.5mg/ℓ of BOD, 58∼123mg/ℓ of SS, 62∼120mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstration matter in position 2. 6.2∼7.3 of pH, of pH, 4.23∼6.7mg/ℓ of DO, 4.9∼7,9mg/ℓ of BOD, 18.23∼36.75mg/ℓ of COD, 89∼152mg/ℓ of SS, 75∼123mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction matter, in position 3, 6.5∼7.2 of pH, 4.0∼10.2mg/ℓ of BOD, 3.5∼3.82mg/ℓ of DO, 23.6∼52.32mg/ℓ of COD, 123∼250mg/ℓ of SS, 95∼125mg/ℓ of N-hexane abstraction matter in position 4.

광주지역 황사기간중의 대기 건성침적량의 특성에 관한 연구

류일광,이치영,강영식,노기환,김관천,유경석,강동구 광주보건대학 2002 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

The deposition amounts of Ferric that are naturally originated elements from earth crust. The rate was 14,993㎎/㎡ day at the rang yellow sand season, which was 20 times higher than at the ordinary times. Artifical earth crust element Cr were lower than the amount yellow sand an increase. Naturally originated elements origination, movment channel and mutual be close the correlations of elements each other and were lower than in artificially originated elements. Deposition amount of chang were higher before yellow sand, lower before yellow sand of origination, time were inverse proportion. The average concentration of liquefactive metals high, compare heavy matal and numerous of deposition amount. A1so gain liquefactive matal were rescattering numerous on account of little mass deduction.

편측 하악 과두골절의 관혈적 치료에 있어서 예후에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자들에 관한 임상 통계학적 연구

성현모,이동근,민승기,오승환,장관식 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study is to reveal the factors leading to the problem of unilateral condylar fractures and suggest a treatment guideline of treatment for good prognosis in surgical treatment, The factors can be age, sex, fracture site, degree of displacement, posterior occlusion loss, post-operative alteration of condylar head position, post-operatlve condylar head resorption, and maxillomandibular fixation period. One hundred and eleven patients with unilateral condylar fractures, who were treated by surgical method from 1990 Feb. to 2000 Feb., were studied. Minimum follow-up period was 6 months. The results were as follows ; 1. In the age group of 41 ∼60, females had significantly higher complication rate than males, therefore we must be careful about treatment of female in this age group 2 In level I fractures of the mandibular condyle, because there were abundant complications when the patients were treated with fragment removal, conservative treatment is recommended over the surgical approach. 3. There were no differences in the complication rate, in the level Ⅱ, Ⅲ fractures. but were severe complications in the cases of patients treated by Dr.Nam's method or fragment removal. Therefore, open reduction and internal fixation is recommended over Dr.Nam's method or fragment removal. 4. In level Ⅳ fractures, open reduction and internal fixation is recommended 5. Although there was a higher complication rate depending on the degree of deviation, there was no correlation between the degree of deviation and development of complications in each level of fracture 6. Because the complication rate was higher in cases of condylar resorption, vertical dimension loss, and alteration of condylar head position, we must make an effort to prevent such complications during treatment