The impact of pathologic differentiation (well/ poorly) and the degree of Ki-67 index in patients with metastatic WHO grade 3 GEP-NECs.

Kim, Seung Tae,Lee, Su Jin,Lee, Jeeyun,Park, Joon Oh,Park, Young Suk,Lim, Ho Yeong,Kang, Won Ki Grune & Stratton 2017 Journal of clinical oncology Vol.35 No._suppl15

<P> e15686 </P><P> Background: Herein, we investigated the impact of pathologic differentiation (well or poorly differentiated) in metastatic grade 3 GEP-NEC patients receiving etoposide and platinum-based therapy. Simultaneously, we evaluated a more exact Ki67 index cut-off point to select patients with grade 3 GEP-NEC who might benefit from etoposide plus platinum (EP)-based therapy. Methods: Among patients pathologically diagnosed with metastatic grade 3 GEP-NECs at Samsung Medical Center between June 2013 and March 2016, 31 GEP-NEC patients receiving etoposide and platinum-based therapy were included in this study. Results: Primary sites included 13 foregut-derived GEP-NECs [stomach (n = 4), duodenum (n = 4), and pancreas (n = 5)] and 2 hindgut-derived GEP-NECs of the rectum. Sixteen unclassified GEP-NECs originated from 7 gall-bladder (GB), 6 liver and 3 unknown primary sites. According to pathologic differentiation, 14 patients had well differentiated and 17 had poorly differentiated grade 3 GEP-NECs. Between well differentiated and poorly differentiated grade 3 GEP-NECs, there was a significant difference in the distribution of Ki67 index. There was no significant difference of treatment efficacy between well and poorly differentiated grade 3 GEP-NECs (RR; 35.7% vs. 41.2%, p = 0.525). Tumor response to EP occurred in 5 of 7 patients with Ki67 > 60% and 7 of 24 with Ki67≤60%, which was significantly different (RR; 71.4% vs. 29.2%, P = 0.043). There was no significant difference in PFS according to pathologic differentiation (well differentiated vs. poorly differentiated) and Ki67 index ( > 60% vs ≤60%). Conclusions: Grade 3 GEP-NECs could be morphologically classified into well and poorly differentiated NETs. Additionally, among grade 3 GEP-NECs, there was a significant difference in ranges of Ki67 index between well and poorly differentiated NECs. Higher levels ( > 60%) of Ki67 index might be a predictive marker for efficacy of EP as a standard regimen in grade 3 GEP-NECs. </P>

Poster Session : PS 0831 ; Upper GI Tract : Clinical Factors to Predict Angiographically Detectable Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Refractory to Endoscopic Treatment

( Tae Hwan Ha ),( Tae Hoon Oh ),( Sung In Yu ),( Min Kim ),( Jong Wook Kim ),( Won Ki Bae ),( Jae Hyung Kim ),( Seung Suk Baek ),( Mi Jin Ryu ),( Ye Na Choi ),( Ji Young Park ),( Eileen L Yoon ),( Tae 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Non-variceal upper GI bleeding (NVUGIB) is a common medical problem that has signifi cant association with morbidity and mortality. Angiographic detection and subsequent transarterial embolization (TAE) is a primary treatment option when medical and endoscopic treatments fail. We investigated clinical factors that could affect the success of the angiographic detection and prognosis after TAE in patients with NVUGIB refractory to endoscopic therapy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data was done in patients with failed endoscopic treatment who underwent angiography for the treatment of acute NVUGIB between May 2002 and May 2013. Patients were divided into detection or non-detection groups according to the presence of bleeding stigmata in angiographic fi nding. Rebleeding defi ned as subsequent bleeding event within 7 days and mortality within 30days were analyzed as outcome parameters after TAE following detection in angiography. Results: A total 45 patients 37 (male, mean age, 65.9±14.9 years) were analyzed and classifi ed as a detection group (n=25, 55.5%) and non-detection group (n=20, 44.6%). Peptic ulcers were the most common cause of refractory NVUGIB. Larger transfusion amount (5.7±3.9 unit vs. 3.5±2.8 unit; P=0.03), prolonged aPTT level (34.2±17.3 sec vs. 21.8±13.8 sec; P=0.01) and short time interval between last endoscopy and angiography (17.5±25.9 hours vs. 34.3±59.5 hours; P=0.04) were found to be signifi cant factors for predicting angiographic detection. TAE was performed in all patients detected in angiography. Rebleeding (44%) was significantly associated with higher Rockall score (8.3±1.5 vs. 6.6±2.4; P=0.046) and mortality (12%) was signifi cantly associated with higher Rockall score (9.3±0.6 vs. 7.1±2.2; P=0.002) and higher level of BUN (55.3±47.4 vs. 27.6±17.4; P=0.01). Conclusions: Clinical characteristics associated with angiographic detection in patients with NVUGIB refractory to endoscopic therapy were severe bleeding, bleeding tendency and early angiographic intervention. The Rockall score is useful parameter for predicting rebleeding and mortality after TAE.

방사선조사가 Streptococcus mutans에 미치는 영향

안기동,김규태,최용석,황의환 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2007 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.36 No.1

Purpose : To observe direct effect of irradiation on cariogenic Streptooccus mutans. Materials and Methods : S. mutans GS5 was exposed to irradiation with a single absorbed dose of 10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy. Viability and changes in antibiotic sensitivity, morphology, transcription of virulence factors, and protein profile of bacterium after irradiation were examined by pour plate, disc diffusion method, transmission electron microscopy, RT-PCR, and SDS-PAGE, respectively. Results : After irradiation with 10 and 20 Gy, viability of S. mutans was reduced. Further increase in irradiation dose, however, did not affect the viability of the remaining cells of S. mutans. Irradiated S. mutans was found to have become sensitive to antibiotics. In particular, the bacterium irradiated with 40 Gy increased its susceptibility to cefotaxime, penicillin, and tetracycline. Under the transmission electron microscope, number of morphologically abnormal cells was increased as the irradiation dose was increased. S. mutans irradiated with 10 Gy revealed a change in the cell wall and cell membrane. As irradiation dose was increased, a higher number of cells showed thickened cell wall and cell membrane and lysis, and appearance of ghost cells was noticeable. In RT-PCR, no difference was detected in expression of gtfB and spaP between cells with and without irradiation of 40 Gy. In SDS-PAGE, proteins with higher molecular masses were gradually diminished as irradiation dose was increased. Conclusion : These results suggest that irradiation affects the cell integrity of S. mutans, as observed by SDS-PAGE, and as manifested by the change in cell morphology, antibiotic sensitivity, and eventually viability of the bacterium. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2007; 37: 35-43)

실내 기후동에서 개인형 국소냉방 장치의 기류 및 온도 분포해석

엄태인,장은숙,경남호,신기식,문승현,전영남,류창국 한밭대학교 생산기반기술연구소 2002 생산기반기술연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Numerical simulation is performed by the commercial code FLUENT for individual air condition system to calculate the velocity and temperature profiles around worker in climate room. The main calculation region is the space of ㄱ shape between wall and worker in the individual air condition system. The fresh air is emitted from 3 inlet attached on the right, left and center wall. Because the comfort of worker is closely related with the velocity and temperature of wind, these data are key role for design of the individual air condition system. This work is previous study for evaluation of thermal comfort of workers in room without much experiments according to metabolism and heat emission of human body. Numerical simulation results are as followings, 1. There is an possibility of the thermal comfort of worker is gotten worse due to the presence of dramatic change of wind velocity around worker. 2. Temperature gap exists in worker's body between top and bottom according to fresh air inlet velocity and position which is right, left and center of wall. 3. Calculation results of the skin temperature of worker are key data for evaluation of thermal comfort with experimental data in climate room. 4. Optimum condition of temperature, direction and velocity of fresh air will be obtain by numerical simulation for energy effective individual air condition system.

폐실질내의 주변형 결절로 나타난 소세포성 폐암의 CT 소견

이태희,최요원,전석철,서흥석,함창곡,박충기 한양대학교 의과대학 1998 한양의대 학술지 Vol.18 No.2

We evaluated CT findings of the small cell carninoma, which presented as a solitary pulmonary nodule at the periphery of the lung parenchyma. Of pathologically-proven 45 patients with small cell carcinoma, 10 patients was included in this study, who had a solitary, peripheral lung nodule at distal portion of the subsegmental bronchus. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data and CT findings including size, location, margin, enhancement pattern, lymph node enlargement, metastasis. Peripheral small cell carcinomas were 22.2%(10/45). All masses had well-defined margin and lobulated margin was seen in 7 patients. Mean diameter was 3.8cm (2.5-7.0cm). Enhancement pattern were homogeneous in 3 cases and inhomogeneous in seven. Calcification or air-bronchogram was not present, and focal cavitation was seen in one case. In five, only lung mass was present, and lung mass with lymph node enlargement was seen in one. distant metastasis without lymph node enlargement was noted on two patients and another two patients showed lymph node enlargement and distant metastasis. Peripheral small cell carcinoma is not rare(22.2%). Most frequent CT finding is a well-defined, lobulated mass with inhomogeneous enhancement, these findings would be helpful in differentiating small cell carcinoma from other neuroendocrine tumors when differentiataion is difficult cytologically.

水質汚染에 의한 貝類中 重金屬汚染에 관한 國際的 硏究

김형석,김덕만,이기태,Chiba Momoko,Teramoto Keiko 한국환경독성학회 1994 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The accumulation of heavy metals including Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn and Pb in various organs of shellfish which is the reasonable bio-indicator for hazardous substance contamination on lotic habitats with relatively limited mobility through waterbody was studied. Meretrix petechialis, Scapharca broughtonii, and Scapharca subcerenate from West Coast of Korea and Osaka Bay of Japan were selected to compare heavy metal contamination in adduct muscle, foot muscle, gill, mantle, and visceral organ of marine shellfish. Semisulcospira spp. from various area include West Coast of Korea and Han river were analyzed to compare heavy metal concentration in whole tissues between marine water and fresh water. A regional differences among Hong-chun, Kang-chon, Keum-nahm, Kah-pyung, Seo-rak, and Pal-dang of heavy metal concentration in Semisulcospira gottche was compared. There are significantly differences in mean concentration of Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Pb among organs and species of M. petechialis, S. broughtonii, and S. subcerenate (ANOVA -F=60.31, p<0.001; F=36.88, p<0.001; F=27.78, p<0.001; F=9.39, p<0.001; F=2.91, p<0.001, respectively). The highest mean concentration of Cd with 0.680ppm was observed in gill and the lowest mean concentration of Cd with 0.082ppm was observed in foot muscle. The mean concentration of Cd with 0.349ppm in S. broughtonii was significantly different from other two species with 0.255 and 0.175ppm. Both Cu and Mn were highly accumulated in gill and mantle compare to other organs. Both gill and mantle had significantly different mean Cu concentration with 4.937 and 4.950ppm, respectively compare to both adduct muscle and foot muscle with 2.129 and 2.029ppm, respectively after Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The mean concentration of Cu with 1.900ppm in S. broughtonii was significantly lower then those of other two species. Both Zn and Pb were highly accumulated in gill compare to other organs. The mean concentration of all tested heavy metals except Cu in S. broughtonii were significantly higher than those of other species. There are significantly differences in mean concentration of all tested heavy metal except Cd between whole tissue of marine Semisulcospira spp. and fresh water Semisulcospira spp. Fresh water Semisulcospira spp. had high mean concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Pb while marine Semisulcospira spp. had higher mean concentrations of Cu. The mean concentrations of all tested heavy metals except Pb in Semisulcospira gottche from various area in Han River was significantly different among sites. The mean concentration of Cd in S. gottcheu from Hong-ehun, Cu in S. gottcheu from Kang-chon and Kah -pyung, Mn in S. gottcheu from Kah-pyung and Paldang, and Zn in S. gottcheu from Pal -dang was higher than those of other sites.

트리아민-구리(Ⅱ)-이미다졸염 착물의 촉매작용에 관한 연구

김태원,홍순영,민재기,김창석 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1992 環境科學論文集 Vol.13 No.-

Acetylsalicylic acid의 가수분해 반응에서 imidazole과 몇 가지 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex들의 촉매효과를 비교 하였다. 촉매로서는 imidazole(ImH)과 그 2- 또는 4-치환 유도체, diethylenetriamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex(C₂C₂CuIm)와 그 imidazole-ring 치환 유도체 및 N-(2-aminoethy1)-1, 3-propanediamine-copper(Ⅱ) imidazolate complex(C₂C₂CuIm)와 그 imidazole-ring 치환 유도체들을 택하였다. 촉매효과의 비(kcat값으로 비교)는 ImH : C₂C₂CuIm = 1.00 : 2.81 : 2.66로 나타났으며 촉매의 효과는 이들 complex의 imidazole-ring의 전자주는 치환기에 의해 증가 하였다. Catlytic effects of imidazole and several of triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolates were investigated for the hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid. As catalysts, imidazole(ImH) and its 2- or 4-substituted derivatives, diethylenetriamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex(C₂C₂CuIm) and its imidazole-ring substituted derivatives, and N-(2-aminoethyl)-1, 3-propanediamine complex(C₂C₂CuIm) and its imidazole-ring substituted derivatives were chosen. The ratio of efficiency among these catalysts was observed to bh ImH : C₂C₂CuIm : C₂C₂CuIm = 1.00 : 2.81 : 2.66, and the effect of catalytic action was enhanced by an electron-releasing substituent on imidazole-ring of the complex.

인천 인현동 호프집 화재 피해자 분석

최정태,안무업,안희철,최영미,정재봉,서정열,유기철,이삼우,박석현,조준휘,김성환,김아진,송근정 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Purpose : This study was conducted to develop field triage, transportation, distribution, and prehospital care at a fire disaster by analyzing the victims of the fore that broke out at a bar in Incheon. Method : We analyzed the cases of the victims of a fire in Incheon in Oct. 1999. We determined the primary care hospital, the arrival time, the burn size, the outcome, and the injury type from the medical records, the concerned organ records, and interviews with concerned persons. Result : The total number of victims was 137: 56 prehospital deaths, 1 hospital death, and 80 survivals. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the burn size and the severity was -0.175. There were 121(89.6%) cases of inhalation injury, 59 (43.7%) cases of flame burns, 66 (48.9%) cases of hypoxic brain damage, and 16 (11.9%) cases involving other types of injury. Conclusion : The causes of death of the fire victims were inhalation injury and hypoxic brain damage due to CO poisoning and other toxic inhalants. We propose the use of a simple triage and rapid treatment(START) system and a reassessment the delayed category in fire disasters.

수돗물중 異臭味에 關한 硏究

김형석,이기태 慶熙大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The taste and odor in city tap water could be a reason of discomfort by citizen. Even though the concentration of odor substances is trace amount in drinking water, human can detect with sensory system easily. The sources of taste fund odor come from anthropogenic activity and natural origin. Industrial wastewater could contain chemicals and chlorine taste comes from disinfection process during drinking water treatment. Natural sources are the algae and Streptomyces tendae which produce geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. The numbers of actinomycetes in river water were found to increase coincidentally at the onset of spring. When more than one hundred actinomycetes isolates from water samples were tested for their ability to produce geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB), the majority were able to produce one of both of these odorous compounds. Cyanobacteria also could produce geosmin or 2-methylisoborneol and produce musty-odor. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) analyses indicated that volatile fractions of earthy/musty odor compounds are geosmin and 2-MIB. In the water purifying plants algae would make earthy and musty odor. In Japan 1,750 person were complained about the tap water odor. The area of odor problem are related with eutrophication, where the total phosphorous is more than 0.02㎎/L and total nitrogen is more than 0.6㎎/L. The odor of 2-MIB is produced by Phormidium tenue, Oscillatoria tenuis, and geosmin producing algae is produced by Anabaena macrospora and Anabaena spiroides var.crassa. Those 4 algae contain not only chlorophill, but phicocyanin. The detection method of geosmin and 2-MIB is difficult when sample is analyzed directly in GC, so we need to concentrate the sample in advance. Purge and trap method is one of the effective method. Authors tried to detect the geosmin and 2-MIB in drinking water by extracting the water sample in purge and trap methods and SPME(solid phase micro extraction) method was applied to detect benzene, toluene, and xylene. There are two kinds of sources for odor substances. One is fungus, e.g., Streptomyces tendae. Penicillium expansum, Actinomycetes, which produce geosmin. The other one is blue-green algae, e.g., Phormidium tenue, Oscillatoria limnetica, which produce 2-methylisoborneol. We could detect the geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol standard solution with gas chromatograph. The volatile organic coumpounds, BTEX, were detected with SPME(solid phase micro extraction) method.

단측 및 양측뇌손상에 의한 인지장애

廉泰鎬,金基錫 漢陽大學校 精神健康硏究 1988 精神健康硏究 Vol.7 No.-