도시가스안전규제의 진화와 규제 방안

전영평,김영기,장임숙 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 2003 社會科學硏究 Vol.11 No.1

지난 10년간 일련의 대형가스사고를 계기로 정부는 가스안전 관리체계 개선, 법령 정비, 조직 보강 등을 통해 가스 안전 관리의 기반을 확립하기 위해 노력해 왔다. 그 결과 사고발생 건수는 점차 감소추세를 보였으나 최근 들어 또 다시 사고발생 건수가 증가하는 추세로 돌아섰다. 정부의 정책적 노력에도 불구하고 가스 사고가 지속적으로 발생하는 것은 도시가스 안전 규제가 제도화되지 않아서라기보다는 규제집행과정에 문제가 있기 때문이라는 추론을 가능하게 한다. 이러한 문제의식을 배경으로 이 연구는 도시가스 안전규제와 관련된 이론적 논의를 1) 도시가스 안전규제와 관련된 이론적 고찰, 2) 도시가스 안전규제를 이론적으로 설명·이해할 수 있는 분석들 제시와 규제평가기준의 제시. 3) 도시가스 안전에 대한 규제관련 집단들의 인식을 조사·분석, 4) 도시가스 안전규제의 개선을 위한 대안을 모색하였다. Reasonable city gas safety regulation is urgently needed to prevent the possible disasters of urban citizen's life. However, during the last decades, governments have concentrated on the energy supply policies rather than city gas safety regulation. This study is a pioneering research to deal with the korean city gas regulation policy in terms with reviewing the past gas accidents, the evolutions of law and administrations, and seeking effective regulatory tools to prevent the gas accidents. For this purpose, the authors reviewed the academic researches, created a framework to analyse the gas safety regulation process, analysed the gas safety-related groups' opinions, and suggested the alternatives.

Clinicopathological and molecular analysis of multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumors of the cerebrum

Choi, Euno,Kim, Seonk-Ik,Won, Jae-Kyung,Chung, Chun Kee,Kim, Seung Ki,Choi, Seung-Hong,Choi, Seongmin,Han, Bome,Ahn, Bokyung,Im, Sun-Wha,Park, Sung-Hye Elsevier 2019 Human pathology Vol.86 No.-

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) of the cerebrum is a recently recognized rare neuronal tumor, and its pathogenesis is unclear. We analyzed 7 cases of histologically typical MVNT: 6 were adults (mean age, 43.0 years [range, 23-56 years]) and 1 was a child (age, 10 years). The most common symptoms were seizures (n = 4) and headache (n = 2). The tumors were supratentorial (temporal, 5; frontal lobes, 2) in origin as reported. Vacuolated tumor cells were robustly positive for α-INA and Olig2 and at least partly positive for synaptophysin and MAP2, but negative for Neu-N, nestin and CD34. GFAP and vimentin were expressed in reactive astrocytes but not in tumor cells. Negative results were obtained for p53, IDH-1, BRAF<SUP>V600E</SUP>, H3 K27M, EGFR, Lin28A, and L1CAM. ATRX, BRG1, INI-1, and TMHH were retained. The Ki-67 labeling index was very low (<1%), and pHH3 revealed no mitotic figure. Ultrastructural features of tumor cells were comparable with those of immature neuronal cells, with several intracytoplasmic myelin-like autophagosomes and pericellular vacuolization. No <I>IDH1</I>/<I>IDH2</I> and <I>BRAF</I> <SUP> <I>V600E</I> </SUP> mutations were found upon direct sequencing. Whole-exome sequencing revealed <I>FGFR2</I>-<I>ZMYND11</I> gene fusion in 1 case. After gross total resection, all patients were alive without seizures. There was no tumor recurrence during an average period of 68 months (range, 23-101 months). The analysis of 7 typical cases of MVNT suggested that these lesions may be clonal tumors because <I>FGFR2</I>-<I>ZMYND11</I> fusion was found (1 case).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> “MVNT” of the cerebrum is a recently recognized rare epileptogenic neuronal tumor. </LI> <LI> Whole-exome sequencing revealed <I>FGFR2</I>-<I>ZMYND11</I> gene fusion in one of our MVNT cases. </LI> <LI> The tumor cell is robustly positive for α-INA and Olig2, but negative for Neu-N. </LI> <LI> Ultrastructurally, tumor cells have autophagolysosomes with pericellular vacuolization. </LI> <LI> There was no tumor recurrence during an average period of 68 months. </LI> </UL> </P>

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

Molecular Image Using Small Animal PET

Ki Chun Im(임기천) 한국실험동물학회 2007 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

Normally Off Single-Nanoribbon <tex> $\hbox{Al}_{2} \hbox{O}_{3}\hbox{/GaN}$</tex> MISFET

Ki-Sik Im,Ryun-Hwi Kim,Ki-Won Kim,Dong-Seok Kim,Chun Sung Lee,Cristoloveanu, S.,Jung-Hee Lee IEEE 2013 IEEE electron device letters Vol.34 No.1

<P>A single-nanoribbon Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MISFET) has been fabricated. The fabricated device exhibits normally off operation with a threshold voltage of 2.1 V. The device also exhibits superior performances such as a maximum drain current density of 1.51 A/mm, a maximum transconductance of 580 mS/mm, and a field-effect mobility of 293 cm<SUP>2</SUP>·V<SUP>-1</SUP>·s<SUP>-1</SUP>. This is because the electron concentration in the GaN channels can be increased due to the enhanced gate controllability, which, thus, effectively screens the field lines from the interface traps or the defects near the channels to improve the electron mobility in the channel. The nanoribbon Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/GaN MISFET is a very promising candidate for high-performance normally off GaN FETs.</P>

다중영상기기와 응용 소프트웨어

임기천 ( Ki Chun Im ) 대한핵의학회 2008 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.42 No.2

블록체인을 활용한 USB 보안관리 강화 방안

심기천(Ki-Chun Sim),오한수(Han-Su Oh),김희연(Hee-Yeon Kim),임준혁(Jun-Hyeok Im),김기형(Ki-Hyung Kim),김선영(Sun-young Kim) 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

우리나라 병원에서 평균재원기간 변화 추세 : 1984~1994

전기홍,강임옥,신승수,민근식,신상건 아주대학교 의과학연구소 1996 아주의학 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the trends of length of hospital stay (LOS), which is most likely to be a major attribute to hospital performance. From 1984 to 1994, average LOS of each hospital were analyzed according to factors such as medical departments, bed size, occupancy rate, region and ownership. This study findings are as follows: 1) The results indicated that the average LOS steadily increased until 1990 but it slightly decreased after 1990. 2) This trend could be found in all hospital scale and all group of occupancy rate. Specifically this trends of LOS were found in internal medicine, corporate owned hospitals and hospitals in major city. But LOS of individual owned hospital was continuously increased until 1994. Finally from this result we think, that most hospitals in Korea began to be concerned with LOS. Nevertheless LOS of several hospital such as small hospital or individual owned hospital was increased. And this tend may be caused by a fewer patients, low occupancy rate or low profit. This trend of LOS is different from that of other countries. Perhaps this phenomenon results from the reimbursement method. Because of the fee-for-service reimbursement system in Korea the hospitals did not need to shorten LOS in order to save costs and increase profits. Therefore reform of hospital cost reimbursement method will be needed to reduce hospital cost in Korea. We think that the Korean health authority should consider the reimbursement method by unit of bundle of services, for example DRG and prepayment in the United States. This study presents some limitations such as no insight of severity of disease, case-mix measurement of hospital, and other clinical characteristics that can possibly affect LOS. However, this study reports an important trend in the annual LOS from 1984 to 1994.

Purification and Characterization of Two Extracellular Glucoamylase Isozymes from Lipomyces kononenkoae CBS 5608 Mutant

Chun, Soon-Bai,Bai, Suk,Im, Suhn-Young,Choi, Won-Ki,Lee, Jin-Jong Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 1995 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.28 No.5

Two forms of glucoamylase (GI and GII) from starch-grown Lipomyces kononenkoae CBS 5608 mutant were purified to apparent homogeneity by means of ultrafiltration, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and DEAE Sephadex A-50 chromatography. The apparent molecular weight was calculated as ca. 150 kDa for GI and ca. 128 kDa for GII, respectively. Both enzymes were glycoproteins with isoelectric points of 5.6 (GI) and 5.4 (GII). They had a pH optimun of 4.5 and were stable from pH 5 to 8. The temperature optimum for both enzymes was $60^{\circ}C$, but they were rapidly inactivated above $70^{\circ}C$. The $K_m$ values toward starch were estimated to be 6.57 mg per ml for GI and 4.52 mg per ml for GII, and the $V_{max}$ values were 16.28 ${\mu}M$ per mg for GI and 32.25 ${\mu}M$ per mg for GII, respectively. The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of GII for ${\alpha}-$ or ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ were estimated to be 0.15 mg per ml and 2.0 mg per ml, respectively ($K_m$) and 1.02 ${\mu}M$ per mg or 1.02 ${\mu}M$ per mg, respectively ($V_{max}$). Neither enzyme exhibited pullulanase activity but they released only glucose from starch or cyclodextrin. Amino acid analysis indicated that both glucoamylases were enriched in proline and acid amino acids. Glucoamylase GII strongly cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody raised against GI enzymes, and the two enzymes shared very similar amino acid composition. Western blot analysis indicated that L. kononenkoae CBS 5608 mutant produced two forms of glucoamylase on starch, and that synthesis of them was subject to glucose repression.

CYB5R3 functions as a tumor suppressor by inducing ER stress-mediated apoptosis in lung cancer cells via the PERK-ATF4 and IRE1α-JNK pathways

Im Joo-Young,Kim Soo Jin,Park Jong-Lyul,Han Tae-Hee,Kim Woo-il,Kim Inhyub,Ko Bomin,Chun So-Young,Kang Mi-Jung,Kim Bo-Kyung,Jeon Sol A.,Kim Seon-Kyu,Ryu Incheol,Kim Seon-Young,Nam Ki-Hoan,Hwang Inah,Ba 생화학분자생물학회 2024 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.56 No.-

Cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) is involved in various cellular metabolic processes, including fatty acid synthesis and drug metabolism. However, the role of CYB5R3 in cancer development remains poorly understood. Here, we show that CYB5R3 expression is downregulated in human lung cancer cell lines and tissues. Adenoviral overexpression of CYB5R3 suppresses lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. However, CYB5R3 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in mouse models. Transcriptome analysis revealed that apoptosis- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes are upregulated in CYB5R3-overexpressing lung cancer cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed that CYB5R3 overexpression increased the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Ectopic CYB5R3 is mainly localized in the ER, where CYB5R3-dependent ER stress signaling is induced via activation of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α). Moreover, NAD+ activates poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase16 (PARP16), an ER-resident protein, to promote ADP-ribosylation of PERK and IRE1α and induce ER stress. In addition, CYB5R3 induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and caspase-9-dependent intrinsic cell death. Our findings highlight the importance of CYB5R3 as a tumor suppressor for the development of CYB5R3-based therapeutics for lung cancer.