PVC부분환원에 의한 Ethylene-Vinylchloride 공중합체의 합성과 열특성

황태성,맹기석,구철회 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1994 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.9 No.1

ST-DVB 공중합체에 tinhydride를 고정한 환원제로 PVC를 부분환원하여 EV copolymer를 합성하였다. 환원제와 EV copolymer의 구조를 FT-IR 분광법으로 확인하였으며, EV copolymer의 조성변화, Tg, 분자량 및 열안정성 등을 조사하였다. EV copolymer의 수율은 32%∼57%이었고, 평균분자량은 3 mole% DVB를 함유한 polymeric hydride 환원제를 사용한 반응의 경우 1.41x10⁴∼1.65x10⁴이었고, 5mole% DVB polymeric hydride 환원제 반응의 경우에는 1.61x10⁴∼1.68x10⁴이었다. 환원제량의 증가에 따라 EV copolymer내의 ethylene unit의 mole%는 증가하였으며, 최대 23.74 mole%이었고 3 mole% DVB를 함유한 polymeric hydride 환원제가 환원력이 더 우수하였다. DSC 분석결과 EV 공중합체의 Tg는 ethylene unit의 조성에 따라 2∼3개로 나타났으며, 높은 쪽의 Tg는 PVC의 Tg와 비슷하게 나타나는 것으로 보아 공중합체 내에 상당 부분의 PVC가 존재하고, 구조가 불균일함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 공중합체내의 ethylene unit mole%가 19.8 mole% 이상에서는 3개의 Tg가 나타났으며 이런 결과로부터 공중합체는 block 형태임을 확인할 수 있었다. 초기 열분해 온도는 240∼248℃로 PVC보다 모두 높았고, ethylene unit의 조성이 증가할수록 증가하는 것으로 보아 새로운 polymeric hydride에 의해 합성한 EV copolymer의 열안정성은 PVC의 부분 환원제로 적합함을 알 수 있었다. The ethylene-vinylchoride copolymers(EV copolymer) were synthesized by partial reduction of PVC using the ST-DVB copolymer supported organotin hydride as a reduction agent. The basic structures of EV copolymer and reduction agents were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy, and the mole ratio, the glass transition temperature(Tg), the molecular weight, and the thermal stability of copolymer were investigated. The yield of EV copolymer reached about 32-57 percent. Weight average of molecular weight(Mw) of EV copolymer ranged from 1.41∼1.65x10⁴to 1.61∼1.68x10⁴, measured by gel permeation chromatography(GPC) when 3 mole% and 5 mole% of divinylbenzene(DVB) were involved in reduction agent. Ethylene unit of EV copolymer was increased with increasing in the amount of reduction agent used in the partial reduction of PVC, and their molar content reached a maximum of 23.74 mole% when 3 mole% DVB involved reduction agent was used. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) experiments were performed on a series of EV copolymer for the purpose of studying the dependence of their thermal transition temperature upon their values were lower than that of homo PVC. On the other hand, it was found that there were three Tg when the ethylene unit in EV copolymer is above 19.84 mole%. This may indicate that EV copolymer has a structure of block copolymer. Initial thermal degradation temperature of EV copolymer was higher than by thermal gravimetry(TGA). From this result, it was found that thermal stability of EV copolymer by partial reduction of PVC using 3 mole%, 5 mole% reduction agents were increased with increasing in the amount of ethylene unit content in the copolymer.

말초혈액 내 백혈구수와 대사증후군과의 연관성

황상태,김범수,황상준,서정열,김병진,이원영,성기철,강진호,김선우,이만호,박정로 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.3

예산정보시스템 (Budget Information System)구축에 관한 연구

황윤원,김성철,박기묵 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 2001 社會科學硏究 Vol.9 No.3

본 연구는 현재의 정부예산에 대한 정보망 구축은 어떻게 하는 것이 정부예산의 운영을 파악할 수 있는가에 대한 시스템구축안을 제시하고 향후의 추진방향에 대한 모색을 제시하려는 것이다. 구체적인 접근방법으로 현재 미국에 진행되는 예산정보시스템(U.S. BIS)을 기초로 하나의 모형을 개발하고 한국의 상황에 적용해 시스템개발에 도움을 주기 위함이다. 무엇보다 예산 전반의 흐름을 파악할 수 있는 정보망 확충에 초점을 두었다. 예산정보시스템(BIS)모형은 현재 중앙정부 예산에 대한 일반적 정보를 광범위하게 포함한 정보시스템이라고 볼 수 있다. 전통적 품목별 예산제도를 근간으로 하는 정부예산을 부호화하여 예산정보시스템를 개발하였다. 하지만, 이러한 접근방법은 예산지출과 수입에 대한 통제를 강화할 수 있고 정부행정의 투명성을 제고할 수는 있으나 통제에 치중된 예산시스템을 정보화하였기 때문에 정부사업이나 프로그램별로 비용과 성과에 따져서 효율성 제고를 할 것인가에 대해서 BIS을 통해 정보를 얻기에는 한계를 지니고 있다고 볼 수 있다.

포괄수가지불제도 적용에 따른 산부인과 진료수입의 변화

황태연,유병철,정귀언,정수진,김성준,배기택,손혜숙,이종태,전진호,엄상화 인제대학교 2001 仁濟醫學 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives: Under the fee-for-service system, Korean hospitals have been suffering from the worsening profitability caused by law medical care fees. To overcome the difficulties, they have maximized the quantity of medical services and made relatively large investment in developing new medical services using high-priced medical equipment, medicines and medical supplies which were not covered by medical insurance system rather than reduced running costs. Materials and Methods: This study was made to analyze and forecast the revenue change of the department of Obstetrics and gynecology of an university hospital in Seoul, expecting the implementation of DRG system in 2000. Results: The results were as follows : 1.During the first two days of hospitalization. 41% of total medical service fee was occurred, which was thought that most of the check-ups and operations were made during this period. After two days of hospitalization, the new occurrence of medical service fee tended to reduce. 2.Out of total medical service fee, 67% of admission fee was occurred after 5 days of hospitalization. This was because medical service fees in obstetrics and gynecology department occurred during the first 5 days of hospitalization. 3.Out of fees for operation, treatment, medical supplies and blood transfusion. 71% was occurred during the first two days. 4. In case of fees for examination, 50% was occurred during the first two days. 5.A total of 53% of fees for medication and injection was occurred during the first 5 days. Conclusions: By the implementation of the DRG system, the income is forecast to increase by 800 won to 310,000 won by the disease group of obstetrics and gynecology department. To increase hospital income with the implementation of DRG system, the results of this study suggest that examinations should be done at out-patient departments before the hospitalization of patient, the discharge of patient should be noticed in advance to reduce the period of hospitalization, and admission appointment system should be implemented for the immediate operation and delivery.

Atactic Polypropylene에 대한 염회비닐의 그라프트 중합

황택성,민병철,맹기석 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1987 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.2 No.2

Atactic Polypropylene, a byproduct obtained in the manufacture of isotatic polypropylene, has been synthesed under various reaction conditions. In this study, suspension graft polymerizations of Vinylchloride onto Atatic polypropylene were carried out in aqueous with benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The effect on the grafting efficiency and reaction rate was observed by varing APP concentration Also, reactivity onto each hydrogen is the most good tertiary hydrogen among primary, secondary and tertiary. If the vinyl chloride concentration contains small in the polymerization, graftmer have carbonyl group, abnomal structure.

국내 주요호수의 육수학적 조사 (1) : 옥정호

김범철,박주현,이병진,허우명,황길순,최광순,채기숙 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

The limnological survey of Lake Okjong was conducted for one year from June 1993 to May 1994 on the monthly basis. The loading of phosphorus, nitrogen and organic carbon from the watershed into the lake were monitored at the main in flowing sites. Secchi disc transparency , epilimnetic chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, total phosphorus concentration and primary production were in the range of 1.3~4.H m, 2.4~ 18.7 mg Chl/m³. 1.25~2.87 mg N/l, 7~65 mg P/m³, 325~2,113 mg C/m²/day, respectively. TN/Tl atomic ratio varled from 129 to 443. N/P ratio decreased in summer because phosphorus concentration was higher than in winter, while nitrogen did not vary much. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton was distinct. In winter and spring, diatoms, Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima and Aulacoseira italica were dominant while cyanobacteria, Microcystis sp.,M. ichthyovlabe, Phormidium sp. and P.valderianum var. tenuis were dominant in warm seasons. The dominant zooplankton species were Thertmocyclops taihokuensis in warm seasons while Boosmina longirostris were dominant in cold seasons. The organic carbon, nirtogen and phosphorus content of lake sediment were 8.0~14.8, 0.59~0.71, 1.14~1.87 ng N/g, respectively. The sediment of Lake Okjong can be classified as oligohumic based on C/N ratio. The total phosphorus loading from the watershed and fishfarm were estimated to be 2.7g P/m²/yr, which far exceeded the critical loading for eutrophication. The organic carbon loading from the watershed and primary production were determined to be 998t C/yr, 6,348t C/yr, respectively. Most of organic carbon was contributed by autochthonous primary production of phytoplankton. Trophic state of Lake Okjong can be classified as eutrophic

혼합형 뇌졸중의 임상적 의의 : 비색전성 뇌경색 환자를 중심으로

이병철,유경호,도화범,권기한,황성희,김형철,강익원 대한신경과학회 1996 대한신경과학회지 Vol.14 No.1

급성충소돌기염의 임상 : 병리학적 고찰

양기화,조준필,하영천,한진우,정학재,손수창,이성희,황재훈,신철호 최신의학사 1989 最新醫學 Vol.32 No.4

Microform Cleft Lip 환자의 분류에 따른 수술적 치료

박철수,엄기일,황세휘,안덕균,김잉곤 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.3

The microform cleft lip is the mildest expression of cleft lip and nose deformity, but it has no specific definition, classification, and few methods have been reported for its correction. It is characterized by deformity of the nostril, skin striae of the upper lip, notching of peaked Cupid's bow, deformity of the vermilion, and anomaly of the upper lateral incisior and alveolar ridge on the affected region. Sixty-three microform cleft lip patients were operated on between Dec. 1993 and Sep. 1998 in our department(29 males and 34 females). The age of the patients ranged from 5 months to 30 years(Mean 9 years). We classified and treated the microform cleft lip as follows: Class Ⅰ: Cleft lip nose with very slight lip deformity Class Ⅱ: Minimal lip deformity without vermilion notching ClassⅢ: Mild lip deformity with slight vermilion notching. The goals in the correction of a microform cleft lip are to obtain an esthetically pleasing upper lip and nose, and to reestablish muscle continuity for improved function. To attain these goals, we used the above classification and satisfactory results were obtained by treating the microform cleft according to the classification.

감독통제수단과 여행사종업원의 성과에 대한 지식수준, 역할명료성, 직무노력의 매개적 역할

배기철,황윤용 기전여자대학 1999 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The primary objective of this study was to empirically explore the relationship between supervisory control dimension and performance of travel agency employees. From the empirical research, it was found that the effect of information from supervisor on the performance and satisfaction were more mediated by role ambiguity, working hard than rewards and punishments. Also, high level of knowledge about traveling influenced to performance of travel agency employees. It means that the supervisors of travel agency are needed to manage more effective control like a information serving than rewards and punishments.