간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

1차원 MWPC를 이용한 디지탈 사진촬영장치의 개발(Ⅲ)

강희동,조진호,박정병 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 연차보고서 Vol.1995 No.-

Digital Radiography 장치로 응용하기 위한 1차원 MWPC를 이용하여 X-선 위치검출기를 설계 및 제작하였다. 위치검출 방법은 병렬판독법으로 얻으며 스캐닝장치를 이용해 X-선 영상을 얻는다. 제작한 검출기의 위치분해능은 0.8㎜이고, 동시성 선택회로를 고안하여 위치분해능을 0.4㎜로 향상시켰다. 실제 얻은 디지탈 값에서 각 채널에 대한 보정인자를 곱함으로써 영상의 균일성을 증가시켰다. 디지탈 X-선 영상은 0.4㎜의 scanning 간격으로 각종 피사체에 대하여 320×320 화소의 영상을 얻었다. X-ray position detector was designed and fabricated. The detector was applied to digital radiography system. One-dimensional MWPC(Multiwire Propotional Chamber) is the main component of this system. The way of detecting the position of incident x-ray is the parallel readout method. Digital image data are acquired by using fan beam x-ray and a scanning system. The spatial resolution of the detector is 0.8㎜. Spatial resolution was improved by a factor of two(0.4㎜) with help of the coincidence selection circuit. Uniformity was improved by converting data with calibration factor for each channel. With help of scanning system which has 0.4㎜ scanning pitch, x-ray digital images of 320×320 pixels were obtained for a fish and a chicken's foot. Bone image is appeared clearly in these images.

부산지역 대학생들이 식습관 및 식이섭취 실태에 대한 조사연구

조경자,강희정 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the food habits and dietary intakes of University students in Busan areas. The survey was carried out by self0questionnaries with 130 male and 156 female students. The results obtatined were as follows. 1. 95.3% of male and 76.4% of female students answered they are moderate or health. The rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 94.5% and 81.0% and the rates of smoking were 73.2% and 2.0% respectively. 34.6% of male and 56.9% of female students didn't regular exercise. 2. 21.3% of male and 10.5% of female students were satisfied with their current body image and 74.3% and of female students wanted thinner figure. Male students attempted to weight control by exercise and females did by exercise and fasting. 3. The average BMI of students were 22.60 in males and 19.53 in females respectively and 78.0% of female students were underweight. 4. Breakfast was skipped in 79.5% of male and 83.7% of female students and it appeared male students eat faster than female students. 5. Male students preferred beverage and noodles and females preferred bread, biscuit, snack and beverage as snack food and female students had a higher tendency to enjoy snack time. The frequency of eating out was higher in female students and the standard of food choice was preference > price > convenience > tritional value. The favorite dishes were meats > poultry > fruits > fishes, cereals, noodles in male and fruits > meats > cereals > poultry > noodles > fishes in female students. 6. The average energy intake were 1715.70kcal in male and 1588.71kcal in female students respectively and the intakes of Ca, vitamin A and B2 were lower than RDA in male and female students.

일부 대학생들의 성인건강 교육의 효과에 관한 연구

강희숙,조현 韓國學校保健學會 1995 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.8 No.1

Korea has been recently reducing the quality of life as well as rising medical cost because of the increase of chronic diseases. But we can prevent those chronic diseases through the improvement of environment or life sytle. We evaluated the educational effectiveness of chronic diseases (hypetention, diasbetes, cancer, stroke and other chronic diseases) designed to increase the knowledge, attitude and practice of chronic diseases among university students. Between August 1994 and November 1994, we implemented chronic diseases prevention instruction in intervention students; unmatched control students were selected in same university. We conducted pre- and post-intervention surveys both intervention and control students with self-reported questionnaires(50 items). We assigned score(0-4 points) to items and conducted a analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) with sex, grade and economic status as the covariate, using the SAS PC computer statistical package. And we culculated odds tation with safety scores between intervention and control students. The results of this study were followed. 1.In demographic characteristics of subjects both pre- and post intervention, we found no significant diffeerences in intervetion and control students at religion, father's education, mother's education, mother's occupation and type of residence(p>0.05), but we found significant differences at sex (p<0.001), grade(p<0.001) and economic status (p<0.005). 2. The sex, grade and economic status-adjusted mean prevention knowledge were below 1, the knowledge of intervention students were higher than control students. 3. The attitudes for general adult health increased from the pre- to post-survey in the intervention students(p<0.005), but control students did not increased(p>0.05). As odds ratios in attitudes were approximatedly 1, we can not say effectiveness in i9ntervention students 4. The pratices for cnacer and stroke increased from the pre- to post-survey in both the intervention and control students(p<0.001). Also odds ration of hypertention was 0.91, and that of stroke was 1.14. 5. Health related begaviors did not increased from the pre- to post- survey in both the intervention and control students(p>0.05). But odds ration of drinking was 0.76 and that of body weight was 1.21. 6. Health status did not increased form the pre- to post- survey in bhoth the intervention and control students(p>0.05). As odds ration of health status was 1.09, prevention education was not effect in intervention students We would like to recommend as followed ; 1. University students must learn about prevention of chromic diseases. Because the knowledge of invetervention students was higher than that of control students. 2. The prevention education of chronic diseases should be taught from primary school 3. Adult health education for university students must be practiced continuously. Education period(15 weeks) in this study was not complete. 4. The evaaluation of chronic diseases was conducted real measurement(such as BP check) as weel as self reported-survey. 5. Educational mateerials(video tape, pamphlet) related the prevention of chronic diseases should be developed at national level. And we must easely use those materials. 6. The prevention education of chronic diseases should be made through mass media as well as school education.

한국의 문헌에 나타난 장애인관

조흥중,오종희,이강희 광주보건대학 2001 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

Views about people with disabilities in different periods of Korean history show various ways how general people treated people with disabilities. Ancient and new-style novels demonstrated negative views about people with visual impairments while contemporary novels show positive views about those people. However, most of the people with hearing impairments in Korean contemporary literature were treated negatively and did not have sound self-concept. Korean literature describes people with disabilities as being spiritless. General people considered that the causes of disabilities were resulted from committing sins and breaking taboos and; therefore, most of the people with disabilities appeared in Korean literature were viewed negatively and as a burden. Some people explain that this prejudice towards people with disabilities expressed in the Korean literature comes front Korean traditional mentality of fatalism and shamanism. Buddhists reason that Karma resulted in disabilities. The thought of reincarnation and Karma intertwined with the notion of mercy from Buddhism and perfect virtue from confucianism, both of which are the basis of Korean mentality. withthis thinking structure, people who were buddhists and confucians treated people with disabilities sympathetically and mercifully. There are several reasons that the Korean people have this prejudice towards people with disabilities. The first reason of the prejudice is related to universalism. Korean people have strong consciousness for homogeneity and reject heterogeneity. Korean traditional society needed common and average people to maintain an settled, agrarian society and this made the consciousness for homogeneity strong. The second reason of the Korean people's prejudice towards people with disabilities has to do with perfectionism. Individuality was not well accepted in Korean society. Instead, people with a little of everything were respected. Therefore, general people held people with disabilities in contempt because they considered those with disabilities as imperfection. The people with disabilities had to be outsiders and individuals separated from the society with average and perfect people. The third reason is related to transposition. In a society, there is a mechanism that people formulate and sacrifice the inferiority to resolve their own frustration. In ancient Korea, the nobility suppressed the lower classes and the lower classes suppressed people with disabilities. Therefore, the prejudice towards people with disabilities in ancient Korean society came form this mechanism. The fourth reason of the prejudice towards people with disabilities in the ancient Korean society is the lack of meta-cognition. Europe and America developed with individuality based on meta-cognition of each person him/her-self while Korea did not have the basis and developed with perfectionism of other people's views. Consequently, people who did not have something that other people have were considered as the inferiority. In Korea, the prejudice towards people with disabilities comes from the perfectionism. However, according to philosophical human studies, there is no perfect person. When people recognize we progress and change, the prejudice against people with disabilities will disappear. After all, from the view of a philosophical human study, disability is one of the common phenomena.

체내동태 연구를 위한 혈청 중 펜톡시필린의 HPLC 정량법 개발 및 검증

조혜영,강현아,류희두,이화정,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2006 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.36 No.2

의료복지용 센서 및 시스템의 개발(Ⅱ)

조진호,강희동 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 연차보고서 Vol.1997 No.-

본 연구에서는 향후 중요한 의료 복지시스템으로 국내외에서 널리 쓰이게 될 MSGC형 온라인 X선 촬영 사진 촬영 장치를 개발하고자 하였다. MSGC형 은라인 X선 촬영장치는 기존의 X선 필름에 비해 조사선량을 크게 낮출 수 있으며 계조도(gray level)및 범위가 디지털 x-ray 시스템에 비해 훨씬 넓다. 그리고 MSGC형 센서는 비슷한 메카니즘으로 작동되는 MWPC형 위치검출센서 보다 높은 해상도를 얻을 수 있으며 센서제작에 대량화와 간편성을 동시에 제공할 수 있는 잇점이 있다. 본 연구는 MSGC센서를 제작하여 이로부터 X선 조사선량에 관계되는 기체 증폭펄스를 얻기 위한 연구 분야와, 이 센서를 이용하여 영상이 얻어질 수 있도록 시스템을 제어하고 영상을 재구성 및 처리하는 두 가지 연구 분야로 나누어 진행된다. MSGC형 센서개발에서는 해상도가 높고 기체증폭이 안정적으로 일어날수 있는 센서를 설계 제작하였고 다양한 실험자료를 수집하였다. MSGC형 센서 개발에서 핵심부분은 기판의 재질과 마이크로스트립형 전극 그리고 챔버 및 기체 증폭이 일어났을 때의 펄스를 샤프하게 분리시켜 계수할 수 있는 기술이다. 디지털 X선 장치 제어 및 영상처리 연구에서는 1차 년도에 제작된 제어 컴퓨터와 X-ray 인터페이스 회로가 가진 수동 조작의 불편함, 타이밍 제어시 오차 발생 및 X-선 Expose속도의 한계 등의 문제점을 개선시킨 인터페이스 보드를 개발하였다. We have developed the MSGC type on-line digital radiography system that will used widely in medical welfare system in future. The MSGC type can reduce the X-ray exposure to the object significantly as compared with X-ray film and its the dynamic range of gray level is more wide than the conventional digital X-ray system. And the MSGC type sensor can obtain much higher resolution than the position detecting sensor of MWPC type which has a similar mechanism to MSGC type and also it can provide an advantage of mass-production and a simplicity to produce the sensors. We divided into two research fields. One is the field of implementing the MSGC sensor and measuring pulses produced by gas multiplication related with the X-ray. The other field is developing the method of controlling digital image acquisition part, image reconstructing, and processing. In the development of MSGC type sensor, we designed and implemented the sensor with a high resolution and a stable gas multiplication. And we collected various experimental data. In the development of MSGC type sensor, the core parts are the materials of substrate, microstrip type electrode and chamber, and technique to split the pulses of gas multiplication sharply and count them. In the field of system controlling and image processing, we developed the new-interface board which has been improved some problems in the first research step, i.e. inconvenient operations of control computer and X-ray interface circuit, error occurrence in timing control, and the limitation of X-ray expose velocity.

HIV 감염자에 대한 달팽이 엑기스의 혈액면역학적 효과

조영걸,이희정,오원일,강은숙,김은순,김영봉,조양자,조군제 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

A unique sialic-acid-binding lectin from giant African snail Achatina fulica(AF) has a T cell mitogenicity. It was also noted that acetone extracts of AF have a anti-HIV effect in vitro. Thirty HIV-infected individuals(HIV+) were treated with AF extract(40% Chunho extract) for average 5. 5 months. Peripheral blood sampling and questionnaire were done every month after take. There was a significant decrease of WBC from 4 months after take. As a result, lymphocyte counts also decreased(P<0.01). However, there was a significant increase of CD4+T cell percentage from 1 month(P<0.01). The mean increase of CD4+T cell count was significant for first one month(39/pl)(P<0.05). Body weight also increased significantly(P<0.05). Over 90% HIV+ ex-pressed symptomatic improvement and wanted to be treated with AF extract continuously after the end of this study. In one HIV+ treated with AF for 19 months, the increases of CD4+T cell percentage and counts over 11 times after AF extract take were mean 67% and 85%, respectively, compared to baseline value. These data strongly suggest that aqueous AF extract has a immune enhancing effect on HN+.

축류 회전차 후방의 2차유동과 후류에 관한 실험적 연구

조강래,주원구,박희봉 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1988 논문집 Vol.20 No.1

The measuring system controlled by microcomputer was constructed in order to measure the three dimensional flow field behind an axial flow compressor rotor. Detailed measurements were made of the flow field behind an axial flow rotating blade row using this system and a 45°single slanted hot wire. The interaction of the wake with the annulus wall boundary layer, the secondary flow and the tip leakage flow results in slower decay and larger width of the wake. By the mixing of the wake with the strong secondary flow at the corner between the hub wall and the suction side, the wake near the hub wall has the largest width and the largest axial velocity defect. The reduction of the mass flow rate entails separation, stall and larger tangential velocity. In particular, as leakage flow become strong, it absorbs the wake and affects the flow at the full passage near the casing wall.

새로운 열방성 액정중합체의 합성과 PET와의 블렌드

조정대,김희종,최재곤,조병욱,유지강 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究 Vol.19 No.1

Blends of new thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP) with poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) were prepared by the coprecipitation from a common solvent. The thermal, mechanical properties and morphology of the blends(2wt%, 5wt%, lOwt% and 20wt% TLCP/PET) were examined. In the blends, liquid crystalline phase did not reveal any significant macrophase separation and thermal degradation at the processing temperature. According to the scanning electron micrograps, the TLCP domains in matrix were found to be more or less finely dispersed with 0.2㎛ to 0.4㎛ in size and interfacial adhesion between the TLCP and matrix polymer was excellent. Results of mechanical property measurement show that modulus of TLCP/PET blend was enhanced with increasing TLCP content.