¹H-NMR-Based Metabolic Profiling of Cordyceps militaris to Correlate the Development Process and Anti-Cancer Effect

( Junsang Oh ),( Eunhyun Choi ),( Deok-hyo Yoon ),( Tae-yong Park ),( Bhushan Shrestha ),( Hyung-kyoon Choi ),( Gi-ho Sung ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.8

The study of metabolomics in natural products using the diverse analytical instruments including GC-MS, LC-MS, and NMR is useful for the exploration of physiological and biological effects and the investigation of drug discovery and health functional foods. Cordyceps militaris has been very attractive to natural medicine as a traditional Chinese medicine, due to its various bioactive properties including anti-cancer and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, we analyzed the metabolite profile in 50% ethanol extracts of C. militaris fruit bodies from three development periods (growth period, matured period, and aging period) using ¹H-NMR, and identified 44 metabolites, which are classified as 16 amino acids, 10 organic acids, 5 carbohydrates, 3 nucleotide derivatives, and 10 other compounds. Among the three development periods of the C. militaris fruit body, the aging period showed significantly higher levels of metabolites including cordycepin, mannitol (cordycepic acid), and β-glucan. Interestingly, these bioactive metabolites are positively correlated with antitumor growth effect; the extract of the aging period showed significant inhibition of HepG2 hepatic cancer cell proliferation. These results showed that the aging period during the development of C. militaris fruit bodies was more highly enriched with bioactive metabolites that are associated with cancer cell growth inhibition.

매미를 기주로 한 동충하초의 분포와 분류 동정

오준상 ( Junsang Oh ),한상국 ( Sang-kuk Han ),부산쓰레스타 ( Bhushan Shrestha ),성기호 ( Gi-ho Sung ),성재모 ( Jae-mo Sung ) 한국자연치유학회 2019 Journal of Naturopathy Vol.8 No.2

목적: 매미에 기생하는 동충하초를 1990 년부터 2016년까지 매년 7월부터 10월까지 주로 한국에서 수집하고 분류하는 것이 목적이었다. 그러나 네팔, 베트남, 일본, 중국, 태국에서 자주 채집을 하였다. 방법: 매미에 기주로 한 동충하초를 산에서 채집하였다. 결과: 9개 속과 10개 종에 속하는 총 1,104개의 표본이 수집하였다. 가장 많은 수의 표본은 Ophiocordyceps (563개)이었고, 이어서 Isaria (361개), Polycephalomyces (73개), Cordyceps (70개), Beauveria (25개), Perennicordyceps (8개), Metarhizium (2개) 그리고 Purpureocillium (2개)이었다. Ophiocordyceps종 중. O. longissima는 563개 중에 총 426개의 표본으로 가장 많이 수집되었으며, 120개가 수집된 O. heteropoda와 17개의 표본이 있는 O. sobolifera이었다. 주로 한국에서 채집되었지만 C. ishikariensis는 네팔에서만 채집되었다. 새로운 특징은 Isaria cicada-like synnemata가 같은 숙주에서 C. ishikariensis stromata와 함께 자라는 것을 발견했다. 한국에서는 1,104개 중 총 691개의 표본이 제주도 한라산에서 발견되었다. 표본을 수집한 한국의 다른 산들은 대룡, 용문, 삼악, 설악, 구절, 두륜, 백암, 칠갑, 청등, 내장, 월출, 지리, 대룡산 등 이었다. 채집한 샘풀 중에서 3개는 미확정되었다. 결론: 총 1,104개의 표본은 9개의 속(genus), 10종류의 종(species)으로 분류되었고, 수집된 691개의 샘풀은 제주도 한라산에서 채집되었다. Purpose: The aim was to collect and classify the Cordyceps parasitized in cicadas from July to October every year from 1990 to 2016 in Korea. And they were frequently collected in Nepal, Vietnam, Japan, China, and Thailand. Methods: Cordyceps parasitizing cicadas collected in mountains and fields. Results: A total of 1,104 specimens were collected that belonged to 10 different species under nine genera. The highest number of samples belonged to Ophiocordyceps (563 specimens), followed by Isaria (361 specimens), Polycephalomyces (73 specimens), Cordyceps (70 specimens), Beauveria (25 specimens), Perennicordyceps (8 specimens), Metarhizium (2 specimens) and Purpureocillium(2 ones). Among Ophiocordyceps spp. O. longissima was most frequently collected with a total of 426 samples out of 563, followed by O. heteropoda with 120 ones and O. sobolifera with 17 specimens. The species mainly collected in Korea, but C. ishikariensis was collected in Nepal only. The new characteristic was that Isaria cicada-like synnemata were found growing together with C. ishikariensis stromata on the same host. In Korea, the collected 691 specimens in total out of 1,104 were found in Mt. Halla in Jeju Island. Other mountains in Korea where the samples were collected were Mountains Daeryong, Jiri, Yongmoon, Samag, Seolag, Gujeol, Duryun, Baegam, Chilgap, Chundeung, Naejang, Welchul, and Daeryong. The three samples were not identified. Conclusions: A total of 1,104 specimens belonged to 10 different species under nine genera, and the collected 691 samples were found in Mt. Halla in Jeju Island.

A brief chronology of the genus Cordyceps (insect fungi) and recent nomenclatural changes associated with it

Bhushan Shrestha,Jae-Gu Han,Junsang Oh,Jae-Gwang Park,Jiyoung Kim,Kang-Hyo Lee,Sung Yuel Hong,Gi-Ho Sung 한국버섯학회 2014 버섯 Vol.18 No.2

Cordyceps species (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) were previously mentioned under dominant genera such as basidiomycetous Clavaria Vaill. ex L. and ascomycetous Sphaeria Haller. Cordyceps Fr. was coined by Fries (1818) from a combination of a Greek word cordyle, meaning a club, and a Latin word caput, meaning a head. Cordyceps was, however, ranked at tribal level under Sphaeria by Fries (1823). Link (1833) later re-elevated Cordyceps to genus level. As a result, there was variation on author citation of Cordyceps in different botanical codes such as Cordyceps (E. M. Fries) Link (1833), Cordyceps E. M. Fries (1818) and Cordyceps Fr. (1824). In 19th and 20th centuries, more and more species were described, with necessity to divide Cordyceps into subgenera, sections and subsections based on morphological similarities. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies, however, showed that Cordyceps is polyphyletic and its members are dispersed in various clades within Hypocreales. As a consequence, Cordyceps was amended in strict sense by Sung et al. (2007) and distantly related clades were named under separate genera. Here, we review recent nomenclatural changes of Cordyceps-related fungi in light of recent changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN).

Combined Rotation and Advancement Flap Reconstruction for a Defect of the Upper Lip: 2 Cases

Junsang Lee,Suk Joon Oh,Sung Won Jung,고성훈 대한성형외과학회 2012 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.39 No.3

Many types of upper lip reconstruction have been introduced to treat defects after a tumor excision or trauma. The authors treated two cases of upper lip defects. A 35-year-old woman presented with a squamous cell carcinoma of the left upper lip that had invaded the corner of the mouth. After resecting the tumor, the defect was 3.7×3.5 cm in size. A 52-year-old woman presented with a dog bite of the right upper lip. The defect measured 4.0×2.2 cm in size. The two cases were reconstructed by combined rotation and advancement of a cheek flap. This technique produced a good functional outcome that allowed for oral competence and created an opening of adequate size. A combination of rotation and an advancement flap can be used to treat upper lip defects in a single-stage procedure. This approach produces a good functional and cosmetic outcome.

Antithrombotic and Antiplatelet Effects of Cordyceps militaris

( Eunhyun Choi ),( Junsang Oh ),( Gi-ho Sung ) 한국균학회 2020 Mycobiology Vol.48 No.3

Cordyceps is a genus of ascomycete fungi and is well known as one of the important medical fungi in Chinese, Korea, and other Asian countries, because of its various beneficial effects on human health. The pharmacological activities of Cordyceps extract are mainly focused on anti-cancer, anti-metastatic, and immune modulating effects. In the present study, we investigated whether the antiplatelet effect of ethanol extract of cultured Cordyceps militaris (CMEE) with FeCl₃-induced arterial thrombosis model. We observed that CMEE exhibited a significant inhibitory effect against ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. However, there were no significant differences in prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). These results suggest that antithrombotic activity of CMEE is related to antiplatelet effect rather than anticoagulation effect, and CMEE may be a positive effect on improving blood circulation against vessel injury and occlusion.

Evaluation of deep-learning-based very short-term rainfall forecasts in South Korea

Seok-Geun Oh,Chanil Park,Seok-Woo Son,Jihoon Ko,Kijung Shin,Sunyoung Kim,Junsang Park 한국기상학회 2022 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

¹H-NMR Analysis of Metabolic Changes Induced by Snf1/AMP-Activated Protein Kinase During Environmental Stress Responses

( Jiyoung Kim ),( Junsang Oh ),( Deok-hyo Yoon ),( Gi-ho Sung ) 한국균학회 2019 Mycobiology Vol.47 No.3

AMP-activated protein kinase sucrose non-fermenting 1 (Snf1) is a representative regulator of energy status that maintains cellular energy homeostasis. In addition, Snf1 is involved in the mediation of environmental stress such as salt stress. Snf1 regulates metabolic enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, indicating a possible role for Snf1 in metabolic regulation. In this article, we performed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to profile the metabolic changes induced by Snf1 under environmental stress. According to our NMR data, we suggest that Snf1 plays a role in regulating cellular concentrations of a variety of metabolites during environmental stress responses.

In vivo neuronal gene editing via CRISPR-Cas9 amphiphilic nanocomplexes alleviates deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease

Park, Hanseul,Oh, Jungju,Shim, Gayong,Cho, Byounggook,Chang, Yujung,Kim, Siyoung,Baek, Soonbong,Kim, Hongwon,Shin, Jeain,Choi, Hwan,Yoo, Junsang,Kim, Junyeop,Jun, Won,Lee, Minhyung,Lengner, Christophe NATURE AMERICA 2019 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.22 No.4

국내 프로축구리그 관람객들이 인지하는 프로축구리그 입장료 가치 분석

오태연 ( Taeyeon Oh ),안준상 ( Junsang Ahn ),권기성 ( Kisung Kwon ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2014 체육과학연구 Vol.25 No.2

국내 프로축구 1부 리그인 K-리그 클래식에 속한 구단의 경우 일부 구단은 재정적으로 어려운 환경에 처해 있으며 이로 인해 경기력이 저하되고 관중 수가 감소하고 있다. 특히 프로야구리그와 비교하였을 때 무료입장권이 다수 배포되고 있어 이러한 재정적인 어려움을 가중시키고 있는 실정이다. 국내 프로축구의 근원적인 문제점인 재정적인 어려움을 해소하기 위해서는 관중 수의 증가와 함께 유료입장권 판매 비율을 증가시킬 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 이에 이 연구의 목적은 소비자가 인지하고 있는 K-리그 클래식 입장료 가격의 가치를 기타 경쟁관계에 있는 상품의 입장권 가격과 상대비교를 통하여 이상적인 가격을 도출하는 것이다. 입장료의 가치를 분석하기 위해 K-리그 클래식의 대표적인 시민 구단인 경남 FC의 경기를 관전하기 위해 창원 홈구장을 찾은 관람객을 대상으로 164개의 설문 응답을 수집하였으며 이 중 127개의 설문 응답을 최종 자료로써 사용하였다. 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 결과를 도출하기 위하여 Luce(1959)가 제시한 회귀분석을 이용한 콘조인트 분석 및 기대점유율 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 현재 입장가격 보다 다소 높게 가격을 설정하는 것이 프로축구 구단의 수익을 극대화시키는 것에 도움이 되는 것으로 관찰되었다. Many teams in the first division soccer league in Korea are suffering from financial insolvency which has resulted from lack of fan support. Despite the mentioned fact, many teams are still distributing free tickets which results lessoned ticket sales revenue. In order to address the fundamental issue of financial insolvency, it is important to seduce more paid fans to come to stadiums along with increased number of fans. The current study, therefore, examined the perceived value of K-league match ticket prices compared with other competitors such as baseball, basketball, and movie theaters. Data were collected from Gyeongnam F.C.``s home game and out of 164 data collected, 127 were utilized for further analysis. A conjoint analysis was conducted using regression analysis (Luce, 1959) to compare fans`` perceived value of ticket prices among different entertainment options. The results displayed that K-league teams should consider increasing ticket prices as it is currently under-priced and, as a result, higher ticket price will drive increase in revenue.

Beneficial Effect of Cordyceps militaris on Exercise Performance via Promoting Cellular Energy Production

( Eunhyun Choi ),( Junsang Oh ),( Gi-ho Sung ) 한국균학회 2020 Mycobiology Vol.48 No.6

Cordyceps militaris has been reported to the diverse pharmaceutical effects including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and bacteria or virus infection. However, the effect of C. militaris on exercise performance has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effect of C. militaris on exercise performance. To evaluate exercise performance, we prepared C. militaris ethyl acetate extract (CMEE) and conducted grip strength tests every week after administration. Additionally, blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment for biochemical analysis. The administration of CMEE slightly increased grip strength, and this result was similar to the red ginseng treated group. According to the result of biochemical analysis, CMEE had an effect on the biomarkers related to ATP generation pathway but had little influence on the muscle fatigue related biomarkers. Therefore, C. militaris has the possibility of improving exercise performance, which could be associated with the increase in ATP production rather than the decrease in muscle fatigue during exercise.