Time-evolving genetic networks reveal a NAC troika that negatively regulates leaf senescence in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Kim, Hyo Jung,Park, Ji-Hwan,Kim, Jingil,Kim, Jung Ju,Hong, Sunghyun,Kim, Jeongsik,Kim, Jin Hee,Woo, Hye Ryun,Hyeon, Changbong,Lim, Pyung Ok,Nam, Hong Gil,Hwang, Daehee National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.21

<▼1><P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Leaf senescence is regulated in a complex manner, involving time-dependent interactions with developmental and environmental signals. Genetic screens have identified key regulators of senescence, particularly late-stage senescence regulators. Recently, time-course gene-expression and network analyses, mostly analyses of static networks, have predicted many senescence regulators. However, senescence is defined by time-evolving networks, involving the temporal transition of interactions among senescence regulators. Here, we present time-evolving networks of NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) transcription factors, central regulators of leaf senescence in <I>Arabidopsis</I>, via time-course gene-expression analysis of NACs in their mutants. These time-evolving networks revealed a unique regulatory module of NACs that controls the timely induction of senescence-promoting processes at a presenescent stage of leaf aging.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Senescence is controlled by time-evolving networks that describe the temporal transition of interactions among senescence regulators. Here, we present time-evolving networks for NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) transcription factors in <I>Arabidopsis</I> during leaf aging. The most evident characteristic of these time-dependent networks was a shift from positive to negative regulation among NACs at a presenescent stage. ANAC017, ANAC082, and ANAC090, referred to as a “NAC troika,” govern the positive-to-negative regulatory shift. Knockout of the NAC troika accelerated senescence and the induction of other <I>NAC</I>s, whereas overexpression of the NAC troika had the opposite effects. Transcriptome and molecular analyses revealed shared suppression of senescence-promoting processes by the NAC troika, including salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses, but with predominant regulation of SA and ROS responses by ANAC090 and ANAC017, respectively. Our time-evolving networks provide a unique regulatory module of presenescent repressors that direct the timely induction of senescence-promoting processes at the presenescent stage of leaf aging.</P></▼2>

암남공원의 식물상과 삼림식생에 관한 연구

남정칠,박승범,김승환,강영조,이기철,이정아 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.1

The objective of this study is to analyze the flora and forest vegetation of Amnam urban natural Park. 10 transects of quadrat of 10×10m were selected for the experiment. They were surveyed from January to October 1997. The obtained results were summerized as follows ; 1. The flora of plants distributed in Amnam Park was 88 families, 245 genus, 374 species. Dicotyledom in an angiosperm was 81.3% of total percentage was 73 families, 194 genus, 304 species, Monocotyledonous plant was 13.9% of total percentage was 7 families, 38 genus, 52 species, Gymnospermous plant was 2.1% of total percentage was 4 families, 5 genus, 8 species. Pteridophyta was 2.4% of total percentage was 3 families. 7 genus, 9 species, Shave grass was 0.3% of total percentage was 1 family, 1 genus, 1 species. 2. The representative wood plants of Amnam Park were Pinus thunbergii, Machilus thunbergii, Camellia japonica, Quercus spp., Celtis sinensis, Morus bombysis, Prunus sangentii, Sorbus alnifolia, Albizzia julibrissin, Juniperus rigida, Platycaya strobilacea, Lespedeza spp., Zanthoxylum piperitum, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Rhus spp., Carpinus coreana, Mallotus japonicus. Ficus erecta, Pittosporum tobira, Eurya japonica. Elaeagnus macrophylla. 3. The area of plant community in Amnam Park was 84.29% in Pinus thunbergii community. 6.7% in Quercus dentata-Celtis sinensis community, 1.5% in Pittosporum tobira-Eurya japonica community, 1.4% in Quercus aliena-Prunus sargentii community, 1.29% in Pinus thunbergii-Pittosporum tobira community, 1.27% in Pinus thunbergii-Eurya japonica community.

乘鹤山 들쥐類의 生態에 관한 硏究

南廷七,朴承節,金承煥,李其哲 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2006 硏究論文集 Vol.29 No.2

This study was conducted four ecological survey of field mice of in Mt. Sunghak Busan City from October, 2004 to July, 2005 for the understanding of field mice damage to forest. The results are obtained as follows. 1. The species of field mice collected were Apodemus agrarills, and Eofhenomys regulus. 2. The total collecting rate were 2.5% collected 13 individuals of field mice from 510 trap. 3. The rate among the 13 field mice collected were 69.2% in Apodemlls agrarills, and 30.8% in Eothenomys regulus. 4. The constitution of weight of field mice was 18-4 1.9g in Apodemus agrarius and Eothenomys regulus. 5. The sex ratio of field mice was 55.6% 44.4% in Apodemus agrarills, and 25.0% 75.0% in Eothenomys regulus. 6. The average body, tail, hind foot, ear lengh was 9 1.0mm, 77.22mm, 20.22mm, 13.33mm in Apodemus agrarius, and 93 .5mm, 39.0mm, 18.25mm, 13 .0mm in Eothenomys regltllls. 7. The breeding period of field mice in Mt. Sunghak presumes from about April. 8. The average litter size of field mice was 5.0 in Eothenomys regulus.

餘暇活動 參加의 社會的 要件 : 椿川市內 主婦들을 中心으로 Like above results based on researches about social in women's leisure activity in Chunchon city can be derived

鄭淸子,夫基源,朴南煥 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1984 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.9

S. E. S. is one of the elements in resolving participation for individual leisure activities and is static leisure activity rather than dynamic activity. It is probable that that women try to participate in leisure activity dynamically, their husbands, however, have initiative in women's activities. However, it is certain that social elements in the step from family of orientation to family of procreation cannot be found apparently. This(research) remains a few questionable problems. One of them is to explain several elements except for choice of leisure activities and effective factors in participation in leisure activity; resolving participation in activities not only for women but all of the members in family.

초등학교 과학교실 및 과학동아리 관련 현장 조사 및 프로그램 개발 모형 설정

임청환,김남일,권성기,고한중,이성호 한국과학교육학회 2005 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 과학 교실 및 과학반, 과학동아리 활동과 관련하여 일선 학교 현장에서는 어떤 문제점을 갖고 있으며 어떤 요구가 있는지 조사연구를 통해 알아보고 그 결과를 바탕으로 활동 프로그램을 개발하기 위한 개발 모형을 제시하는 것이었다. 146개 초등학교의 과학 관련 교사를 대상으로 설문 조사하였으며 조사결과, 교사들은 다양한 문제점과 해결 덜'간을 제시하였는데 다음과 같은 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 다양한 과학 활동에 대한 행·재정적 지원이 절실히 필요하다. 둘째, 과학비전공 교사도 쉽게 다룰 수 있는 활동 프로그램의 제공이 필요하다. 셋째, 재미있는 활동으로 구성된 프로그램이 있어야 한다. 넷째, 프로그램은 준비가 용이한 활동으로 이루어져야 한다. 다섯째, 탐구 활동 중심의 평가 방법이 제시되어야 한다. 이러한 조사 결과를 바탕으로, 교사, 학생, 운영 환경을 축으로 하는 프로그램 개발 맥락을 설정하고 주제 설정, 활동구성, 차시구성, 활동지 구성, 교사용 지침서 구성의 단계로 이루어진 개발 모형을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of elementary school teachers on extra-science programs and to suggest development model for extra-science program. Survey research was conducted on 146 science-related teachers all over the country. As the result, teachers presented several problems and solutions on extra-science activities and programs. The suggestions from the results are as follows. First, more administrative and financial supports are required. Second, it must be the programs with which any teachers, regardless of their major fields, can execute easily. Third, the programs should be interesting for students to do. Fourth, it should be easy to prepare activities and materials, Finally, the inquiry-focused assessment method should be presented in each program. Based on these suggestions, the context of development of programs was established. Three axises of, students, teachers, and environment, were included in the context. The model of development of programs was set up based on the context. It was constructed with six process steps, Confirmation of theme, Composition of work frame, Organization of each period, Worksheets for students, Guidebook for teachers, Completion, and one or two assessment criteria in each process steps. It must be useful to development of extra-science programs that is appropriate to the need of teachers.

Efavirenz, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir의 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 동시 정량법

채정우,배경진,백인환,서정원,이병요,이은주,남진경,강원구,권광일 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2009 藥學論文集 Vol.24 No.-

Efavirenz indinavir and kaleta (co-formulation of lopinavir and ritonavir) are important antiretroviral drugs which have been proved to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors and reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection. A brief and fast high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS, API 4000) method for the determination of 4 anti-retroviral agents (efavirenz, lopinavir, indinavir, ritonavir) in human plasma was developed and validated. A simple protein precipitation method was used on 100μl of human plasma. And internal standard solution (10 ng/ml methaqualone) 1ml and reconstitution solution (MeOH) 1ml were added. After vortexing for 30 s and centrifuging at 13,200rpm for 10min, 2μl of supernatant was injected into the column (XTerra MS C_(18) column, 2.1mm × 50mm 3.5㎛ particle size). The mobile phase consisted of MeOH and 0.1% formic acid in water (80:20 , v/v). The chromatogram was run for 1.5 min at a flow rate of 300μl/min. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in a positive ion mode (lopinavir, indinavir, ritonavir) and negative mode (efavirenz), simultaneously and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for drug quantification. The precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z 316→69 (efavirenz) and 629→447 (lopinavir) and 614→421 (indinavir) and 721→296 (ritonavir)were used to measure and quantify the analyte. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 50 ng/ml (efavirenz, indinavir, ritonavir) and 100 ng/ml (lopinavir). The weighted (l/y²) calibration curve was linear over human plasma range 50∼5000ng/ml (efavirenz), 100∼20000ng/ml (lopinavir), 50∼10000ng/ml (indinavir), 50∼2000ng/ml (ritonavir), correlation coefficient(r²) of 4 antiretroviral agents were higher than 0.998. Accuracies and intra-run precisions ranged within 86.60 and 113.29%, 1.06 and 11.16% for all 4 drugs analysed. This analytical method used to determine these drugs was fast and easy to perform, with minimal sample preparation, and without compromising precision and accuracy. The developed method was successful to determine antiretroviral agents in human plasma, and proved suitable for clinical pharmacokinetic study.

정신분열병환자의 혈청 면역글로부린에 관한 연구

楊秉煥,南正鉉 漢陽大學校 精神健康硏究 1986 精神健康硏究 Vol.4 No.-

보신 관광에서 감염된 수입성 Sparganosis 1예 : Intake of Thailand Snake during Trip

서환조,박명재,고경식,백영한,조유정,양현종,류경남,정형근,전정열 대한감염학회 1992 감염 Vol.24 No.1

Human sparganosois was reported more than 100 cases in Korean population. However no case reported yet in Korea as a patient was infected by sparganum from other geographical area, such as Thailand. The case we are reported here is a 38 year-old Korean male who had been suffered from mass being a small, round and soft consistance in upper portion of his right thigh. The patients stated that he had an opportunity to eat living snake in Bangkok, Thailand during trip. As therapy praziquantel (75㎎/㎏/day) was given p.o. for 14 days, but in vain to cure. Following medical treatment, surgical exicision was performed to remove a alive, soft, whitish-milky, mobile and elongated sparganum. Serlogical test by micro-ELISA for sparganum-specific antibody revealed a high serum antibody level of absorbance 0.67 (positive criterion: absorbance 0.22).

파트너십에 의한 지하철 입구 공간의 쌈지공원 설계 및 시공

김승환,강현우,손용욱,박승범,남정칠,이기철,차민준 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2009 硏究論文集 Vol.32 No.2

A pocket park is valued in securing green space in downtown and improving urban view in the aspect of natural and environmental values, and it signifies a lot as the center of local residents’ community and harmony as well. Since subway exits and surroundings that have high portions in taking up street space due to lack of green space in downtown aren't made full use of, valuable pocket park place. Dangni Pocket Park of subway exits is a park completed with cooperative works and partnership by students, specialists, administrative organizations, businesses and civilian organizations, etc. without support of special budget. The study site was finally chosen to the space between exit No.1 of Dangni subway station, after analyzing the surrounding circumstances, availability and accessibility of the space among the several subway station exits of Saha, Dangni, and Hadan Station in Busan Metropolitan city. For the designing process, The Citizens organization for Million Amenity Park performed the planning and project proceeding, and 19 design drafts were proposed during the class of landscape architecture in Dong-a University. Design review panel members discussed to select the best draft in practical and authentical, and the related experts reviewed and revised to present the final design plan. The construction was conducted was performed under the cooperation between the civil, authorities, and industrial organizations, among which Saha District office managed for the waste treatment and maintenance matters. The graduates of landscape architecture department of Dong-a University and related industrial enterprises supplied landscape materials and related labors, were supported by 20 members of GPM, one of clubs of Dong-a University volunteered durig the most of construction progress, completing the Pocket Park of subway exits through partnership.

만성 C형 간염 환자에서 페그인터페론 알파2a와 리바비린 병합 치료중 발생한 벨마비 1예

김일환,장제혁,유충헌,최규남,고정해,김윤정,서광원,김지현,박성재,박은택,이연재,이상혁,설상영 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

페그인터페론과 리바비린 병합요법은 만성 C형 간염의 일차 치료법이다. 저자들은 만성 C형 간염 환자에서 페그인터페론 과 리바비린 병합 요법 중에 발생한 벨마비 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 환자는 5년 전부터 만성 C형 간염을 앓아온 48세 남자이며, PEG-IFN α-2a 135μgm 피하주사 주1회와 하루 1200㎎의 리바비린을 투여하였다. 치료시작 후 9개월째 환자는 오른쪽 안면의 근력약화를 호소하였으며 벨마비로 진단되었다. 페그인터페론과 리바비린 병합요법을 지속하면서 관찰하였다. 환자의 벨마비는 페그인터페론 치료를 중단하지 않았음에도 3개월후 증상이 회복되고 이후 벨마비 재발 없이 현재 경과관찰 중이다. 만성 C형 간염에서 페그인터페론과 리바비린 병합 요법시 벨마비의 발생 가능성을 염두에 두어야 하겠다. A Case of Bell's Palsy Associated with Combination Therapy of Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a (PEG-IFN) and Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Pegylated interferon alfa(PEG-IFN α) and ribavirin therapy is the first line treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Mild complications of the therapy are common, but more serious complications are rare. We report here a case of Bell's palsy that occurred in a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection during combination therapy of PEG-IFN α-2a and ribavirin. The patient was 49-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C (genotype 1b) for 8 years. He had compensated liver cirrhosis with splenomegaly. Therapy with PEG-IFN α- 2a 135mcg/week and ribavirin 1200mg/day was initiated. After 9 months of the therapy, the patient showed a loss of muscular tone on the right side of his face. A diagnosis of Bell's palsy was made. The Bell's palsy resolved over 3 months despite continuation of the combination therapy.