Hybridizing Genres and Cultural Ambivalence in Chang-rae Lee`s Native Speaker

이정화 ( Jung Hwa Lee ) 한국영미문화학회 2009 영미문화 Vol.9 No.3

This essay examines the thematic continuum between Chang-rae Lee`s reworking of generic conventions of the bildungsroman and the spy novel in Native Speaker. Reading Native Speaker as a novel not only about Asian American inclusion but also about Asian American authoring, I posit that Lee courts the mainstream American reading public by tactfully mixing conventions of the bildungsroman and the spy novel. Appropriating the two genres, Lee enacts a literary equivalent of John Kwang`s political project that privileges heterogeneity and hybridity. The bildungsroman, a representative Asian American literary expression, has tended to articulate Asian American integration into the nation, often subscribing to the `model minority` myth. Native Speaker uses a major staple of the bildungsroman by following how Henry makes sense of his childhood to construct a public identity. Unlike conventional bildungsromans, however, Lee presents Henry`s coming-to-terms with society as something to be undone rather than something to be accomplished by the end of the novel. Native Speaker problematizes successful cultural bildung by describing Henry`s spying as a function of his successful American education. Lee exploits the familiar trope of the inscrutable Asian spy by casting a Korean American spy as his protagonist, but he complicates the old association between the Asian spy and the `yellow peril`; Distinguishing Henry from stereotypical Asian agents as well as conventional spies, Lee opposes the logic behind the `yellow peril` in favor of a principle of hybridity. Appropriating as well as disrupting cultural expectations of Asian Americans and the literary conventions that code such expectations, Lee suggests "a double articulation" (in the Bhabhaian sense) as a viable strategy for Asian American authorship.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

Light-extraction efficiency control in AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet flip-chip light-emitting diodes: a comparison to InGaN-based visible flip-chip light-emitting diodes.

Lee, Keon Hwa,Park, Hyun Jung,Kim, Seung Hwan,Asadirad, Mojtaba,Moon, Yong-Tae,Kwak, Joon Seop,Ryou, Jae-Hyun Optical Society of America 2015 Optics express Vol.23 No.16

<P>We study light-extraction efficiency (LEE) of AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) using flip-chip (FC) devices with varied thickness in remaining sapphire substrate by experimental output power measurement and computational methods using 3-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) and Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations. Light-output power of DUV-FCLEDs compared at a current of 20 mA increases with thicker sapphire, showing higher LEE for an LED with 250-관m-thick sapphire by ~39% than that with 100-관m-thick sapphire. In contrast, LEEs of visible FCLEDs show only marginal improvement with increasing sapphire thickness, that is, ~6% improvement for an LED with 250-관m-thick sapphire. 3D-FDTD simulation reveals a mechanism of enhanced light extraction with various sidewall roughness and thickness in sapphire substrates. Ray tracing simulation examines the light propagation behavior of DUV-FCLED structures. The enhanced output power and higher LEE strongly depends on the sidewall roughness of the sapphire substrate rather than thickness itself. The thickness starts playing a role only when the sapphire sidewalls become rough. The roughened surface of sapphire sidewall during chip-separation process is critical for TM-polarized photons from AlGaN quantum wells to escape in lateral directions before they are absorbed by p-GaN and Au-metal. Furthermore, the ray tracing results show a reasonably good agreement with the experimental result of the LEE.</P>

췌장 선방세포암 1예

이화정,지준호,박승찬,박정철,최은정,서혜진,이원식,이정림,배병조,손경락,이경희 영남대학교 의과대학 2008 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.25 No.2

Acinar cell carcinoma is a rare tumor that represents 1~2% of al1 pancreatic cancers. Clinical and radiologic findings are inconclusive in this disease Acinar cell carcinoma is characterized by rapid progression and early metastasis, which lead to its poor prognosis. A 41-year-o1d man was admitted to our hospital for abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed a splenic mass, which was being invaded by a pancreatic tail mass and which had increased ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake Primary radical distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Pathologic findings revealed an acinar cell carcinoma of the Pancreas The patient underwent a total gastrectomy three months later because of gastric recurrence Four months later, multiple hepatic metastases were discovered, and the patient underwent a left hepatectomy During treatment with capecitabine, there was no evidence of tumor progression for 14 months. We report a case of metastatic pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, which did not progress for an extended period while the patient was being treated with capecitabme.

원발성 후복막 점액낭샘암종 1예

지준호,이화정,박승찬,박정철,최은정,서혜진,이원식,이정림,배병조,손경락,이경희 영남대학교 의과대학 2008 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.25 No.2

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a very rare malignancy, and little is known concerning its Pathogenesis, optimal treatment, and prognosis. A 29-year-o1d pregnant woman (21 weeks) Presented with abdominal discomfort CA 19-9, CA 125, and CEA were normal Abdominal CT scanning revealed a 19x15x13 cm retropentoneal tumor Exploratory laparotomy and tumor excision were performed. Mucinous retropentoneal implants were removed as completely as possible Histologically, the tumor showed focal areas of capsular invasion, but free resection margins The uterus and both ovaries were normal in appearance No adjuvant therapy was pursued. Six months later, Peritoneal and bilateral ovarian metastases were discovered. Hence, we report the details of this case of primary retroperitoneal mucinous Cystadeno-carcinoma and present a review of the literature.

골다공증의 위험인자 : 아산시 지역 주민을 대상으로

김용배,장원기,황보영,김화성,안규동,이병국,이용진,이남수,이상건,이상범,이상우,이선정,이성수 순천향대학교 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

Objective : As the average lifespan of human increases, osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures have become major health care problems. Despite recent advances in medical treatment, few studies have assessed the recognition of osteoporosis in general adults. This study examined the recognition of osteoporosis and analyzed the relating factors. Method : A population-based sample of 1086 adults in Asan-city, Korea was investigated with questionnaires and height, weight, Information regarding the general characteristics(gender, age, economic state), lifestylef exercise, smoking, alcohol),medical history(progestin, GH, steroid, calcitonin, PTH), demographic parameter, obesity, stress, and family history was collected through an interview using a structural questionnaire. The level of obesity was measured by the body mass index(BMI). BMD(Bone mineral density) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was considered to be T-score below -2.5. Results : The prevalence of osteoporosis increased progressively with age, decreased with BMI and predominant in women by the result of x^(2) -test, T-test. Age, weight, BMI were significantly correlated with osteoporosis by the result of Pearson correlation ana1ysis(P<0.05). And age, gender, BMI, family history of osteoporosis were proved to be significant risk factors of osteoporosis by the result of multiple logistic regression(P<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that age, gender, BMI might be the most important risk factors of osteoporosis. And the history taking about family history of osteoporosis is helpful for diagnosing osteoporosis.

전자부품 제조업 근로자들의 시력변화에 대한 연구

이용만,안규동,이성수,함정오,김화성,리갑수,이병국 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.2

근접작업이 시력약화의 원인이 될 수 있는가를 알아보기 위하여 전자부품을 제조하는 2개 사업장에서 1991년에서 1993년까지 입사한 근로자들 중에서 근접작업으로 인정되는 마이크로칩을 조립하는 근접작업자 306명을 조사군으로, 대조군은 세탁기 타이머 및 일반 기계기구를 조립하는 작업자 154명, 계 460명을 선정하였다. 이들 대상자는 1991년 입사자는 1993, 1994, 1995년 시력을 조사하였으며, 1992년 입사자는 1993, 1994, 1995년 3년동안 조사를 하였으며, 1993년 입사자는 1994, 1995년 2년간 시력을 조사하였다. 대상자 중에서 입사시 안경을 착용한 근로자는 82명(17.8%)이었다. 따라서 남자 근로자와 안경착용자를 제외한 여성 근로자들 335명만을 추적 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 조사군에서 입사시 시력 1.0 이상이었던 근로자의 분포는 취업 1년 후 약 25-35% 정도 감소하였으며, 2년후에는 약 40-60% 정도의 감소를 나타내었고, 3년 후 약 50-65% 정도로 감소하였고 4년후에는 약 65% 이상 감소하였다. 그러나 대조군에서는 1.0 이상의 시력을 보였던 근로자들의 비율이 취업 1년 또는 2년 후 15-30%의 감소를 보이고 있으나 그 이후에는 큰 변동이 없었다. 이들의 시력변화를 근무년수에 따라 알아보기 위하여 조사된 시력을 순위변수로 하여 Kruskall-Wallis 검정을 시행한 결과 조사군, 대조군 모두에서 근속년수에 따른 순위의 합의 평균이 년차적으로 유의하게 감소하였으나, 입사시부터 근속년수에 따른 조사군과 대조군과의 순위합의 평균에 의한 시력차 비교에서 입사시 조사군의 순위합의 평균이 유의하게 높았던 것이 근무기간에 따라 대조군의 평균이 높아지면서 통계적 유의성이 없고 대체적으로 1년 이후부터 변화가 적은 것으로 나타나 근접작업으로 인한 시력약화를 추정할 수 있었다. This study was carried out to investigate that the close distance works were associated with decreased visual acuity. 306 workers were subjects who had been recruited from 1991 to 1993 in two electronic parts manufacturing factories, and 154 workers were controls who had been employed from 1991 to 1993 in launder machine timer and general machine assembly factories. Subjects who had been employed in 1991 and 1992 were follow up from 1993 to 1995, and subjects who had been employed in 1993 were from 1994 to 1995. The male workers as well as glasses wearing workers were excluded. Only 335 female workers were followed up to study the change of visual acuity. The results were as follows; The rate of workers with visual acuity over 1.0 at recruit year in subjects group was decreased about 25-35% after 1 year, 40-60% after 2 years, 50-65% after 3 years, and 65% after 4 years. While, the rate of workers with visual acuity over 1.0 at recruit year in control group was decreased about 15-30% after 1 or 2 years, and there was no more additional visual acuity reduction after then. Kruskall-Wallis test was performed to investigate the change of visual acuity in subject and control group by work duration. The means scores of ranks in both group were significantly decreased by work duration. The mean scores of ranks in subject group at recruit year were significantly higher than those in control group at recruit year, but these differences were disappeared after 1 year work. Therefore, this suggest that close distance workers may be affected their visual acuity.

유가증권시장 상장기업의 선택적 회계처리에 관한 실태 분석

이병화 ( Lee Byung-hwa ),윤우영 ( Yun Woo-young ),정원일 ( Jung Won-il ) 한국세무회계학회 2017 세무회계연구 Vol.0 No.52

본 연구는 한국거래소 유가증권시장에 상장된 기업의 유형자산과 재고자산의 선택적 회계처리에 관한 실태 분석이다. 유형자산의 평가모형 및 감가상각방법 분석결과 유형자산의 평가모형 중 원가모형을 적용하고 있는 회사는 전체 728개 중 659개(90.5%), 64개(8.8%)가 원가모형과 재평가모형을 함께 적용하고 있다. 재평가모형을 적용하는 유형자산은 대부분 토지로 나타나고 있으며, 재평가모형만을 적용하는 회사는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 유형자산의 감가상각방법 중 정액법을 적용하고 있는 회사는 전체 728개 중 709개(97%), 정액법과 정률법을 함께 적용하는 회사는 11개(1.5%), 정액법과 생산량비례법을 함께 적용하는 회사는 2개, 정률법만 적용하는 회사는 1개 회사로 나타났다. 그리고 3개 회사는 유형자산 계정과목이 없으며, 2개 회사는 감가상각방법에 대한 내용이 주석에 공시되지 않고 있다. 재고자산의 수량결정방법과 가격결정방법을 분석한 결과 재고자산의 수량결정방법으로 계속 기록법과 실지재고조사법을 함께 적용하고 있는 회사는 728개 중 68개(9.3%), 실지재고조사법만 적용하는 회사는 3개, 계속기록법만 적용하는 회사는 1개 회사이다. 나머지 548개(75.3%) 회사는 주석에 수량결정방법을 공시하지 않고 있다. 재고자산의 가격결정방법은 회사들이 기업의 환경에 맞게 재고자산의 유형에 따라 다양하게 적용하고 있으며, 업종의 특성에 따라 금융업과 서비스업 중 지주회사에 해당하는 기업에서는 재고자산 계정과목이 재무상태표에 나타나지 않고 있으며, 유통업에서는 소매재고법(매출가격환원법)을 적용하는 회사가 9개 회사로 나타났다. 유형자산의 경우는 업종 특성에 관계없이 대부분의 회사가 평가모형으로 원가모형, 감가상각방법으로 정액법을 사용하고 있으며, 이와 달리 재고자산의 경우는 기업의 상황과 업종 특성을 반영하여 다양한 가격결정방법을 사용하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. This study is an analysis on the realities on the selective accounting of property, plant and equipment and inventories of listed firms in KOSPI. As a result of analyzing the evaluation model and depreciation method of property, plant and equipment, 659 firms(90.5%) out of the total 728 firms that applied cost model. and 64 firms(8.8%) applied cost model and revaluation model. Most of the property, plant and equipment applying the revaluation model are shown as land, and no firm applies the revaluation model. Among depreciation methods of property, plant and equipment, 706 firms(97%) of the total 728 firms that apply the straight-line method, 11 firms(1.5%) to apply the straight-line method and the fixed percentage method. There are two firms that apply the straight-line method and activity method, one firm that applies only the fixed percentage method. The three firms do not have a property, plant and equipment account and the two firms do not disclose depreciation methods in the footnotes. As a result of analyzing the method of determining the quantity of inventories and the method of determining the price, 68 firms(9.3%) of the 728 firms that applied perpetual inventory system and periodic inventory system. There are three firms that applies only periodic inventory system, and one firm that applies only perpetual inventory system. The remaining 548 firms(75.3%) do not disclose how to determine the amount in the financial statements footnotes. The method of determining the price of inventories varies according to the types of inventories according to the firm`s environment. According to the characteristics of the industry, firms in the financial and service industries that are holding companies do not show inventory account in their financial statements. In the retail industry, six firms apply the retail inventory method.

제20대 대선 유튜브 선거캠페인 댓글연결망 분석 - 삼프로TV를 중심으로

송화영(Hwa-Young Song),이정민(Jung-Min Lee),박한우(Han-Woo Park) 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.23 No.2

이 연구는 제20대 대통령 선거의 소셜 미디어 선거 캠페인에 대한 대중들의 반응을 사회연결망분석을 이용해 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 유튜브 채널 ‘삼프로TV: 경제의 신과 함께’에 게시된 2022년 대통령 선거 후보자 토론 영상과 댓글을 수집하였다. 수집된 데이터를 기반으로 댓글 이용자 연결망 구조를 확인하기 위한 사회연결망분석, 댓글 이용자의 어휘 다양성 파악과 핵심이슈 파악을 위한 의미연결망분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 이재명 후보의 연결망이 윤석열 후보에 비해 이용자들 간 밀집도가 더 높았다. 어휘 다양성에 있어서는 윤석열 후보 영상 댓글이 더 다양한 어휘를 구사하는 것으로 나타났다. 이로써 영상 댓글 이용자들 간 ‘관계’에 초점을 두었을 때는 이재명 후보자의 영상이 윤석열 후보에 비해 더 집합적(collective)이었으나, 어휘의 다양성 측면에서 보았을 때는 윤석열 후보가 더 결합적(connective)인 것을 알 수 있다. 핵심 이슈의 경우, 이재명 후보는 후보자 발언에 대한 이용자의 생각이 주로 나타났고, 윤석열 후보는 후보자에 대한 평가나 비판의 내용이 나타났다. 이 연구는 ‘말’보다 ‘행동’에서 비롯된 데이터의 중요성과 약한 유대의 힘 이론이 설명력을 지니고 있음을 시사한다. Using social network analysis, this study investigated people’s responses to Youtube-mediated debate during the 2022 presidential election in Korea. Videos and comments, that were uploaded on the YouTube channel “Sampro TV: With the God of Economy”, were collected using Webometric Analyst 2.0 software. Several network techniques was performed on the obtained data to uncover the structure of the comment user network, and a semantic network analysis was also performed to identify the linguistic diversity of comment users and to identify critical issues. As a result, candidate Lee Jae-Myung’s network had a greater user density than candidate Yoon Suk-Yeol’s network. Yoon Suk-Yeol’s video comments were found to employ more diversified terminology. As a consequence, when focused on the strength of relations between video comment users in a core group, Lee Jae-Myung’s video was more collective and communal than Yoon’s, although Yoon is more connective in terms of vocabulary diversity. In the case of major issues, Lee’s commenters mostly displayed their supporting thoughts on his discussions, whereas Yoon’s commenters displayed the contents of evaluation or critique. The findings of this study is discused from a perspective of the strength of weak ties in social networks.

청간소요산으로 호전된 설통 환자 3례

김연진,양승보,김정화,이상화,조승연,박성욱,박정미,고창남,Kim, Yeon-jin,Yang, Seung-bo,Kim, Jeong-hwa,Lee, Sang-hwa,Cho, Seung-yeon,Park, Seong-uk,Park, Jung-mi,Ko, Chang-nam 대한한방내과학회 2017 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

Objectives: This clinical study reports the effects of Cheonggansoyo-san (CSS) on three patients with glossodynia. Methods: Three patients with glossodynia were treated with CSS (i.e., an herbal medicine) and acupuncture. Numeric rating scales (NRSs) for glossodynia and dry mouth and hwa-byung questionnaire scores were evaluated, and the results from heart rate variability (HRV) evaluations were analyzed. Results: After treatment with CSS, three patients' glossodynia symptoms, such as burning sensations, tingling, and numbness of the tongue, were improved. NRS ratings for glossodynia and dry mouth and the hwa-byung questionnaire scores also improved, and HRV parameters were closer to the normal range. Conclusion: Cheonggansoyo-san could be used to treat glossodynia.