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제주재래돼지와 듀록 참조축군에서 Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) 유전자형과 지방산 조성간의 관련성 분석
강용준(Yong-Jun Kang),김상금(Sang-Geum Kim),김수연(Su-Yeon Kim),신문철(Moon-Cheol Shin),우제훈(Jae-Hoon Woo),김남영(Nam-Young Kim),신상민(Sang-Min Shin),최재영(Jae-Young Choi),유지현(Ji-Hyun Yoo),박남건(Nam-Geon Park),양병철(Byoung-C 한국생명과학회 2020 생명과학회지 Vol.30 No.1
본 연구에서는 제주재래돼지와 듀록 품종 사이에서 생산된 F₂ 참조축군에서 melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) 유전자형과 지방산 조성간의 관련성을 연구하였다. 전체 290 여두의 F₂ 자손을 이용하여 14개의 지방산 조성을 측정하였다. Taq Ⅰ PCR-RFLP 방법을 이용하여 MC4R c.1426A>G (p.Asp298Asn)의 단일염기다형성(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)을 확인하였다. MC4R 세 가지 유전자형(AA, AB, BB)이 모두 발견되었고, 그 빈도는 각각 0.299, 0.542, 0.159로 확인되었다. AA 유전자형을 가진 개체에서 palmitic acid (C16:0, p<0.05), stearic acid (C18:0, p<0.01), eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9, p<0.05), saturated fatty acid (SFA, p<0.01) 함량이 GG 유전자형을 가진 개체보다 더 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 반면에 GG 유전자형을 가진 개체는 linoleic acid (C18:2n6, p<0.001), linolenic acid (C18:3n3, p<0.001), linolenic acid (C18:3n6, p<0.001), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6, p<0.001)과 같은 불포화지방산(unsaturated fatty acid) 함량이 AA 유전자형을 가진 개체보다 더 높은 것을 확인하였다. 제주재래돼지와 듀록 품종 사이에서 생산된 F₂ 참조축군에서 MC4R GG 유전자형이 포화지방산은 낮추고, 불포화지방산은 높이는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과 MC4R의 유전적 다형성이 듀록과 제주재래돼지 교배 프로그램에서 육질향상과, 고기내의 지방산 함량을 조절할 수 있는 유전적 표지 인자로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. This study was conducted to examine association between melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) genotypes and fatty acid (FA) composition in an F₂ intercross between Duroc and Jeju (South Korea) Native pigs (JNP). Fourteen FA composition traits were measured in more than 290 F₂ progeny population produced between Duroc and JNP. All experimental pigs were successfully genotyped for the MC4R c.1426A>G (p.Asp298Asn) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) by using Taq Ⅰ PCR-RFLP methods. We detected three MC4R genotypes, AA, AG, and GG with 0.299, 0.542, and 0.159 genotype frequencies, respectively. The MC4R AA genotype animals showed higher levels in palmitic acid (C16:0, p<0.05), stearic acid (C18:0, p<0.01), eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9, p<0.05), saturated fatty acid (SFA, p<0.01) than GG homozygotes, respectively. Whereas MC4R GG genotype showed higher values in linoleic acid (C18:2n6, p<0.001), linolenic acid (C18:3n3, p<0.001), linolenic acid (C18:3n6, p<0.001), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6, p<0.001) and unsaturated fatty acid (USFA, p<0.01) than AA pigs, respectively. The MC4R GG genotype was associated with increasing USFA and decreasing SFA in the F₂ progeny population produced between Duroc and JNP. Our finding suggests that the MC4R polymorphisms can be used as a valuable genetic marker for Duroc and JNP breeding programs to improve meat quality and to control FA compositions.
Nonlinear Characteristics of Fuzzy Scatter Partition-Based Fuzzy Inference System
Park, Keon-Jun,Huang, Wei,Yu, C.,Kim, Yong K. The Institute of Internet 2013 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.2 No.1
This paper introduces the fuzzy scatter partition-based fuzzy inference system to construct the model for nonlinear process to analyze nonlinear characteristics. The fuzzy rules of fuzzy inference systems are generated by partitioning the input space in the scatter form using Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm. The premise parameters of the rules are determined by membership matrix by means of FCM clustering algorithm. The consequence part of the rules is represented in the form of polynomial functions and the parameters of the consequence part are estimated by least square errors. The proposed model is evaluated with the performance using the data widely used in nonlinear process. Finally, this paper shows that the proposed model has the good result for high-dimension nonlinear process.
Tuning the Reactivity of Chromium(III)-Superoxo Species by Coordinating Axial Ligands
Goo, Yi Re,Maity, Annada C.,Cho, Kyung-Bin,Lee, Yong-Min,Seo, Mi Sook,Park, Young Jun,Cho, Jaeheung,Nam, Wonwoo American Chemical Society 2015 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.54 No.21
<P>Metal-superoxo species have attracted much attention recently as key intermediates in enzymatic and biomimetic oxidation reactions. The effect(s) of axial ligands on the chemical properties of metal-superoxo complexes has never been explored previously. In this study, we synthesized and characterized chromium(III)-superoxo complexes bearing TMC derivatives with pendant pyridine and imidazole donors, such as [Cr-III(O-2)-(TMC-Py)](2+) (1, TMC-Py = 4,8,11-trimethyl-1-(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) and [Cr-III(O-2)(TMC-Im)](2+) (2, TMC-Im = 4,8,11-trimethyl-1-(2-methylimidazolmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). The reactivity of chromium(III)-superoxo complexes binding different axial ligands, such as 1, 2, and [Cr-III(O-2)(TMC)(Cl)](+) (3, TMC = 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), was then investigated in CH bond activation and oxygen atom transfer reactions. Kinetic studies revealed that the reactivity of the Cr(III)-superoxo complexes depends on the axial ligands, showing the reactivity order of 1 > 2 > 3 in those electrophilic oxidation reactions. It was also shown that there is a good correlation between the reactivity of the chromium(III)-superoxo complexes and their redox potentials, in which the redox potentials of the chromium(III)-superoxo complexes are in the order 1 > 2 > 3. DFT calculations reproduced the reactivity order between 1 and 3 in both C-H bond activation and oxygen atom transfer reactions, and the latter reaction is described using orbital interactions. The calculations are also in agreement with the experimentally obtained redox potentials. The present results provide the first example showing that the reactivity of metal-superoxo species can be tuned by the electron-donating ability of axial ligands bound trans to the metal-superoxo moiety.</P>
THE CAUSALITY AMONG SOUTH KOREAN FIRMS' EARNINGS, DIVIDEND POLICY, AND INVESTMENT DECISION
Yong H Kim,Gun hee Lee,Jong C Rhim,Jun Gyu Kang People&Global Business Association 2006 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.11 No.2
This paper examines the causality among earnings, dividends and investments using the Granger-causality model. Using a sample of publicly traded South Korean manufacturing companies, we find that investments cause earnings. We also find that earnings cause dividends and investments cause dividends. These findings are supportive of non-trivial agency costs, asymmetric information, and their implications. The findings imply that corporate financial decisions should be analyzed within a simultaneous model framework.
Kim, Yong-Hak,Song, Woo-Seok,Go, Hayoung,Cha, Chang-Jun,Lee, Cheolju,Yu, Myeong-Hee,Lau, Peter C. K.,Lee, Kangseok American Society for Microbiology 2013 Journal of Bacteriology Vol.195 No.2
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>2-Nitrobenzoate 2-nitroreductase (NbaA) ofPseudomonas fluorescensstrain KU-7 is a unique enzyme, transforming 2-nitrobenzoic acid (2-NBA) and 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid (2,4-DNBA) to the 2-hydroxylamine compounds. Sequence comparison reveals that NbaA contains a conserved cysteine residue at position 141 and two variable regions at amino acids 65 to 74 and 193 to 216. The truncated mutant Δ65-74 exhibited markedly reduced activity toward 2,4-DNBA, but its 2-NBA reduction activity was unaffected; however, both activities were abolished in the Δ193-216 mutant, suggesting that these regions are necessary for the catalysis and specificity of NbaA. NbaA showed different lag times for the reduction of 2-NBA and 2,4-DNBA with NADPH, and the reduction of 2,4-DNBA, but not 2-NBA, failed in the presence of 1 mM dithiothreitol or under anaerobic conditions, indicating oxidative modification of the enzyme for 2,4-DNBA. The enzyme was irreversibly inhibited by 5,5′-dithio-<I>bis</I>-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and ZnCl2, which bind to reactive thiol/thiolate groups, and was eventually inactivated during the formation of higher-order oligomers at high pH, high temperature, or in the presence of H2O2. SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry revealed the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds by involvement of the two cysteines at positions 141 and 194. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the cysteines at positions 39, 103, 141, and 194 played a role in changing the enzyme activity and specificity toward 2-NBA and 2,4-DNBA. This study suggests that oxidative modifications of NbaA are responsible for the differential specificity for the two substrates and further enzyme inactivation through the formation of disulfide bonds under oxidizing conditions.</P>