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이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1
연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.
배추 시스테인 단백질 분해 효소 억제 유전자 BCPI-1의 발현과 종자 발아 및 유묘 생장과의 연관성
홍준기,이은영,김정률,양경애,최영주,정우식,김호일,윤대진,이상열,조무제,임체오 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2003 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2003 No.-
Phytocystatins are protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases of the papain family that have been identified in both monocot and dicot plants. A cDNA encoding a phytocystatin, BCPI-1 (Brassica Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor-1) has been isolated from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) flower buds. Here, we tested whether BCPI-1 transcription is regulated by hormones, and could be involved in regulating cysteine proteinases during and after germination. BCPI-1 was sensitive to exogenous GA_(3) and ABA, which are important factors controlling seed germination, suggesting that the expression of BCPI-1 is hormonally regulated. We introduced a recombinant plasmid containing the full-length BCPI-1 cDNA under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter into rice embryogenic calli using the particle delivery method, and regenerated a number of transgenic rice plants. Constitutively over-expressed BCPI-1 caused changes in overall plant growth and development, including reduced germination and seedling growth. These data support the role of the BCPI-1 in the regulation of endogenous proteinases during both seed germination and subsequent seedling development. Phylocystatins은 papain계열의 cysteine 단백질 분해 효소 활성을 특이적으로 억제하는 억제자로 다양한 식물 종으로부터 분리되었다. 본고에서는, 배추 화아 cDNA library로부터 분리된 phytocystatin인 BCPI-1(Brassica Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor-1)의 생체 내 기능에 대해 연구하였다. 먼저, BCPI-1 전사체는 발아 조절에 중요한 영향을 미치는 GA₃와 ABA에 의해 예민하게 증가, 혹은 감소되는 반응을 보임으로써, BCPI-1이 식물 호르몬의 영향을 받으며, 특히 발아나 유묘의 생장 조절에 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. Particle bombardment 방법을 통하여 BCPI-1을 벼의 배 형성 세포 내에 도입, 재분화 시켜 형질 전환 벼를 생성하였다. CaMV 35S promoter의 조절에 의해 지속적인 BCPI-1 발현을 보이는 형질 전환 벼의 경우, 발아와 유묘 생장이 현저히 지연되었다. 위의 결과들을 바탕으로, BCPI-1이 식물체 내에서 생성되는 cysteine 계열의 단밸질 분해 효소 활성을 조절하여 종자의 발아와 유묘의 생장에 영향을 미치는 것으로 추측한다.
서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)
김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2
Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.
전자화폐 보급·확산에 따른 향후 조세정책방향에 대한 연구 : 탈세모형을 중심으로
전형준,이만우,박기홍 한국재정.공공경제학회 2003 재정논집 Vol.17 No.2
본 논문에서는 기존 문헌들에서 구체적으로 다루어지지 못했던 전자화폐 등장으로 인한 조세회피(tax avoidance) 및 탈세 (tax evasion) 등에 관한 연구, 즉 기존의 지불·결제수단과 다른 특징을 가진 전자화폐의 등장 및 새로운 정보통신기술의 발달, 그리고 온라인(on-line)상에서의 상거래 및 금융거래의 보편화와 같은 경제환경의 변화등과 관련하여 조세관련 문제의 증가가능성을 탈세모형을 이용하여 이론적으로 살펴보고, 이에 따른 앞으로의 조세정책방향을 제시하고자 한다. As commerce move to the Internet, the age of electronic money surely will not be far behind. What the tax authorities finds there, however is an environment that poses some fairly fundamental challenges to long-held principles of tax administration and tax policy. What is worse, moving money at the speed of light to any place in the world anonymously over the Internet will soon be as easy as a few keystrokes on your personal computer. Such anonymous money movements substantially increase the potential that the size of the identifiable tax base will be diminished. Government tax authorities are challenged and threatened by this new technology. The danger is that if the current tax system is retained, government will become even more intrusive as it tries to stop tax avoidance, tax evasion, and money laundering etc. we should know that "the more the government tries to tax regulate, control, and confiscate, the greater the incentive for the problems associated with the use of electronic money-tax avoidance, tax evasion, money laundering etc." This paper discusses possible consequences of electronic money from the view of taxation and shows the theoretical analysis in income tax evasion. Our studies suggest future tax policy direction for electronic money. First. we should pay attention to change of taxation environment as a result of electronic money. Second, we should all work together to secure resonable tax base and tax revenue with the combination of low tax rate to get more compliance behavior of tax payers. Third, we should know that long-held principles of tax administration and tax policy may be required adjusting the principles to apply them to Internet transaction and electronic money.
도시홍,정세민,배세환,성상기,박흥준 釜山水産大學校 1985 釜山水産大學 硏究報告 Vol.25 No.1
실험결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. q=3,q=30일때 최대치의 확율은 각각 0.08, 및 0.029이었다. 이것은 Pearl과 Troup의 결과 (q=1.9106, q=5.6904 및 q=34.7657 일때 최대치의 확율은 각각 0.09, 0.06 및 0.02)와 아주 유사했으며, 관측시간의 증가에 따라 분포의 천이경향도 이론적 결과와 잘 일치 되었다. 또한 준열원에서 방출된 광자들이 공간내의 유한한 영역에서 고르게 분포되어 있을때 그 광원을 coherence time보다도 더 긴 시간동안 관찰한다면 그 관원을 gaussian으로 취급할 수 있으며, 광자에 대한 Bose-Einstein 통계의 적용이 타당함과 Mandel의 근사공식(q>>1, q<<1인 경우)이 잘 성립될 것임을 실험으로 예상할 수 있었다. Light emitted from a source fluctuates both spatially and temporally. The spatial fluctuations are due to the finite size of the source and the spatial incoherence of the photons emitted from various parts of the source. Temporal fluctuation are due to the wide blackbody spectrum emitted by such a source. It is a direct result of the Bose-Einstein statistics obeyed by photons. Actual measurements on the statistical behavior of thermal light are conducted by pseudothermal light source. In the experiment, we examined the probability density f(I) that the intensity I associated with one or pore coherence volumes is between I and I+dI and the deviation for q<1, which is given by G. Bedad et al. The derivation of f(1) for the case of more than one coherence volume has been given in an approximate form by Mandel and by Troup. As a result, we obtain p(n,T)=0.08 at q=3 and p(n,T)=0.029 at q=30. These are very similar to pearl and Troup's [p(n,T)=0.09 at q=1.9106, p(n,T)=0.06 at q=5. 690, p(n,T)=0.02 at q=34.7657]. So we can conclude that when we observerse pseudo-thermal source for a long time (compared with its coherent time), the source can be treated as a gaussian light source and Mandel's approximation is good fit for photon counting.
한재준,홍기숙 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2012 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.35 No.1
The incidence of thyroid cancer has been rapidly increased in Korea. Although fine needle aspiration cytology is recommended for diagnosis of cancer, there are some limitations. Patients with indeterminate or suspicious cytology category in which malignancy cannot be ruled out usually undergone a thyroidectomy, however, only 10∼25% of them finally diagnosed as cancer. According to the progress in understanding molecular mechanism, some mutations or other molecular alterations have been studied for the diagnostic and prognostic markers for thyroid cancer. The majority of papillary thyroid cancers have BRAF and RAS mutations or RET/PTC rearrangement, and approximately 80% of follicular thyroid cancers harbor a RAS mutation or PAX8/PPARg rearrangement. These genetic alterations are mostly studied and current clinical guidelines suggested that these molecular markers may help management for patients with indeterminate cytology. In addition, recent studies demonstrated the high sensitivity and specificity of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor mRNA in diagnosing cancer in patients with indeterminate cytology. For the detection of recurrent or residual thyroid cancer, serum thyroglobulin is the only circulating marker in clinical practice. However, it lacks sensitivity and is unreliable specifically in the presence of antibodies to thyroglobulin. Recent studies demonstrated a significant role of measuring the mRNA of thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, and sodium/iodine symporter in peripheral blood for monitoring of the recurrence of thyroid cancer.
변준호,김기홍 용인대학교 2011 특수체육연구 Vol.9 No.-
The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the walking patterns of the child with Down syndrome and the children without disabilities and to examine the effects of the visual cues on changes of walking pattern of the child with Down syndrome. The subjects were one child with Down syndrome of Trisomy and five children without disabilities. Before the experiment, seven real-time infrared rays cameras (Vicon I.R., Strobe & Pus, MX13) were established in front, rear, left, right, and diagonal directions. During walking by children, five movements appropriate were chosen for the comparative analysis. To calculate the average and standard deviation of all data, Vicon System’s Polygon was used. The results from this procedure are as follows: First, walking speed per minute of children with Down syndrome was slower than that of the children without disabilities. Second, stride length of child with Down syndrome and stride length of the children without disabilities increased in normal walking and in red lighted condition and decreased in line walking condition. Third, the change of walking speed of the child with Down syndrome showed bigger differences than that of the children without disabilities. Fourth, flexion-extension angle of hip joint of the child with Down syndrome showed similar changes comapring to those of the children without disabilities over the progress of normal, red, and line walking. Fifth, the average of changes in flexion-extension angle of hip joint of the child with Down syndrome showed decrease in angles than those of the children without disabilities in all events over the progress of normal, red, and line walking conditions. Sixth, the average of angle changes in ankle joint of the child with Down syndrome showed decreasing differences comparing that of the children without disabilities over the progress of normal, red, and line walking. In the case of line walking, the closest result to range of motion exercise of the children without disabilities was shown. 본 연구는 시각단서에 따라 다운증후군 아동과 일반아동의 보행패턴을 비교 분석하여 시각단서가 다운증후군 아동 보행 패턴의 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 삼염색체 다운증후군을 가지고 있는 아동 1명과 일반 아동 5명을 대상자로 선정하였다. 본 실험에 들어가기 전 운동학적 변인분석을 위하여 전, 후, 좌, 우, 대각선 방향으로 리얼타임 적외선 카메라(Vicon I.R., Strobe & Pus, MX13) 7대를 설치하였다. 실험 실시 전, 연구대상들에게 동작수행에 적합한 타이즈로 환복 하도록 하였으며 익숙하지 않은 환경에 적응하기 위한 적응기를 거친 뒤 전신에 39개의 반사마커를 부착한 후, 전·후 6m의 보행주로를 시각과제 유형에 따라 각각 10회 씩 걷도록 하였다. 시각단서에 따른 다운 증후군 아동과 일반아동들의 보행 중 실험 목적에 적합한 총 5회의 동작을 선별하여 보행 패턴을 비교분석하였으며 이 때, 모든 데이터의 산출 및 평균과 표준편차는 Vicon System의 Polygon을 사용하였다. 이와 같은 절차를 통하여 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다운증후군 아동의 분당 걸음속도는 일반아동의 분당 걸음속도에 비해 느리다. 둘째, 다운증후군 아동의 활보장과 일반아동의 활보장 모두 Normal 보행과 Red 보행 시 커졌다가 Line 보행 시에는 다시 줄어든다. 셋째, 다운증후군 아동의 보행 속도 변화는 일반 아동의 보행속도 변화 보다 차이가 크게 나타난다. 넷째, 다운증후군 아동에 엉덩관절의 굴곡·신전각도는 Normal, Red, Line 으로 진행되어감에 따라 일반 아동집단에 엉덩관절의 굴곡·신전각도 변화와 유사하게 나타난다. 다섯째, 다운증후군 아동의 무릎관절에 굴곡·신전각도 변화의 평균은 Normal, Red, Line 으로 진행되어감에 따라 모든 이벤트에서 일반아동집단과의 각도 차이가 줄어든다. 여섯째, 다운증후군 아동의 발목관절에 각도 변화의 평균은 Normal, Red, Line 으로 진행되어감에 따라 모든 이벤트에서 일반아동집단과의 각도 차이가 줄어들며, Line 보행 시 일반아동집단의 관절가동범위에 가장 가까운 결과가 나타난다.
새로운 量的 確率化 應答 模型 : 資料의 推定 data estimation
염준근,홍기학 東國大學校 1991 東國論叢 Vol.30 No.-
In this paper, we review and summerize the various quantitative randomized response models. We propose the new method of collecting and estimating the quantitative sensitive data by using multiproportions randomized response models, and suggest the empirical examples of that method.
박홍준,김기형 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2001 機械技術硏究 Vol.4 No.2
The Taguchi method by orthogonal array, one of the structured sampling methods, has many advantages which are row cost and time saving for experiments and researches. But this method has applied limited area especially about mechanical problems. So, we experimented whether the structured sampling is useful to apply optimal design of mechanical elements. First, we made a mechanical problem to determine optimal parameters of a pin with a hole. The second, we calculated combination of optimal parameters by simulation. At the same time, we seeked optimal combination by structured sampling using orthogonal array and ANOVA. The last, we compared these two results. The experimental result have shown that the structured sampling method seeked optimal parameters exactly. So, we see some possibility in this application.