제주 지역의 B형 간염 바이러스 유전자형

조지현,박도심,김태현,염주진,김학철,문주현,양재식 대한간학회 2004 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.10 No.1

목적: HBV 감염이 무증상의 자연 회복부터 간경변 혹은 간세포성 간암까지 다양하게 나타나는 요인들로 숙주의 요인과 바이러스의 요인으로 구분되어 제시되는데, 바이러스 요인으로는 감염된 바이러스이 유형이나 염기 변이들이 논의된다. HBV 유형을 구분하는 데는 혈청형과 유전자형이 이용되는데 근자에는 주로 유전자형이 이용된다. 이러한 HBV의 분포는 지역적으로 다르나 지역에 따라서 다른 유형들이 혼재되어 있다. 동남아시아는 B형이지만 극동아시아는 C형으로 알려져 있으며, 대만과 오키나와에서는 B와 C형이 혼재되어 나타난다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 보아 우리 나라의 남부지역에서는 B과 C형이 혼재되어 있을 가능성이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 제주 지역에서 HBV의 유전자형을 조사하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 원적지가 제주도이면사, HBsAg가 양성이었던 107명(평균 연령: 46.5세)을 대상으로 하였다. 이들의 혈청으로부터 HBsAg/antiHBe를 분석하고, DNA를 추출하여 7개의 유전자형에 따라 특이성을 갖는 시발체(genotype specific primer)들을 이용하여 PCR로 증폭한 후 이를 분석하였다. 주된 유전자형의 일부와 다른 유형에서 증폭에 이용되었던 시발체를 다르게 이용하여 hemi nested PCR로 증폭한 후 염기를 분석하여 계통발생학적 분석법을 이용하였다. 결과: 1. PCR에 의한 HBV DNA 양성은 107명 중 59명(55.1%)이 양성이었다. HBeAg/anti HBe의 발현 양태에 따라 음성/음성에서 2명(66.7%), 음성/양성에서 30명(41.1%), 양성/음성에서 24명(85.7%), 양성/양성에서는 3명(100%)에서 증폭되었다. 2. Multiplex PCR에서는 58명의 유전자형이 C형, 1명에서는 B형과 C형이 동반 출현하였다. 3. Genotype specific primer를 이용하여 각각 따로 PCR을 시행한 경우에 A형에 의하여 증폭된 예가 1예, B형에 의하여 증폭된 예가 1예, C형에 의하여 증폭된 예가 59예로 A형과 B형 모두가 C형에서 증폭된 예였다. 4. 한 쌍의 시발체에 의하여 증폭되었던 A형과 B형 및 C형의 일부에서 염기를 분석한 결과 모두 C 유전자형이었다. 결론: HBsAg이 양성인 제주 지역 주민의 HBV의 유전자형은 C형일 것으로 생각된다. Background/Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was classified into 8 genotypes by a sequence divergence in the entire genome designated from A o H. HBV genotypes have distinct geographic distributions. Recently, HBV genotypes have been partially found as influencing the clinical manifestation of chronic liver disease in hosts. In Korea, the distribution of HBV genotypes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the HBV genotype on Jeju Island. Methods: Hepatitis B virus genotypes were evaluated among 107 hepatitis B carriers residing on Jeju Island. We used single PCR and multiplex-PCR assay with genotype-specific primer pairs for HBV genotypes A-F for the genotyping. Results: 1. Fifty nine samples (55%) were positive for HBV DNA. The positivity was different according to the pattern of HBeAg/anti-HBe expression, as -/-; 2/3 (66.7%), -/+; 30/73 (30%), +/-; 24/28 (85.7%) and +/+; 3/3 (100%). 2. In the single primer set of genotype-specific PCR, 59 samples (100%) were detected as genotype C and 2 (3%) were also detected as genotype A and B. 3. In multiplex-PCR, 58 samples (98%) were detected as genotype C and only one (2%) as a mixed pattern of genotype B and C. 4. When the PCR products were amplified with universal sense and genotype specific anti-sense from one genotype A, one B, and 2 C, all were included in genotype C. Conclusions: These results suggest that on Juju Island, almost all HBV genotypes are C.(Korean J Hepatol 2004;10:42-50)

풍선 확장술을 시행받았던 식도 이완불능증 환자에서 발생한 식도암

염주진 ( Joo Jin Yeom ),심미령 ( Mi Ryeong Sim ),조은영 ( Eun Young Jo ),최창수 ( Chang Soo Choi ),서검석 ( Geom Seog Seo ),김상욱 ( Sang Wook Kim ),김태현 ( Tae Hyeon Kim ),최석채 ( Suck Chei Choi ),나용호 ( Yong Ho Nah ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2004 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.10 No.1

Achalasia is believed to be a predisposing factor for the development of esophageal cancer in achalasia. Esophageal cancer has been reported as a late complication in 3~7% of patients with achalasia. The presumed mechanism responsible for the development of cancer are food stasis and gastroesophageal reflux. We experienced a case of esophageal carcinoma in a 61-year-old woman, who had been diagnosed as achalasia fourteen years ago, and who had undergone pneumatic balloon dilatation. Esophagogram, esophagoscopy with biopsy, esophageal manometry, and chest computerized tomography scanning revealed achalasia and esophageal carcinoma. (Kor J Neurogastr oenter ol Motil 2004;10:72-75)

Stability of LTI Systems with Unstructured Uncertainty Using Quadratic Disc Criterion

Yeom, Dong-Hae,Park, Jin-Bae,Joo, Young-Hoon The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2012 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.7 No.1

This paper deals with robust stability of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with unstructured uncertainties. A new relation between uncertainties and system poles perturbed by the uncertainties is derived from a graphical analysis. A stability criterion for LTI systems with uncertainties is proposed based on this result. The migration range of the poles in the proposed criterion is represented as the bound of uncertainties, the condition number of a system matrix, and the disc containing the poles of a given nominal system. Unlike the existing methods depending on the solutions of algebraic matrix equations, the proposed criterion provides a simpler way which does not involves algebraic matrix equations, and a more flexible root clustering approach by means of adjusting the center and the radius of the disc as well as the condition number.

Selection of coefficient for equalizer in optical disc drive by golden section search

Yeom, Dong, Hae,Park, Jin, Bae,Joo, Young, Hoon IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on consumer electronics Vol.56 No.2

<P>A digital signal is distorted in its amplitude and phase while passing through transmission lines and amplifying stages. An equalizer compensates this distortion for a signal to have uniform characteristics over all frequency range. Especially, the equalizer minimizes a noise and an inter-symbol inference (ISI) of a signal by compensating the attenuation in high frequency range. In case of an optical disc drive (ODD), the noise and ISI are aroused by the fluctuation of optical paths, the variation of tracking and focusing servo, the crosstalk of inter-tracks, etc. And they degenerate the jitter, a criterion of the quality of a signal, which makes it hard to judge a binary signal. The equalizer equipped in ODD improves the jitter by adjusting its coefficient. Generally, the coefficient of the equalizer is determined by the sequential search. The sequential search can be easily implemented because of its simplicity. But, it is hard to cope with the system fluctuation and the search speed is slow. This paper proposes a search method for the coefficient of an equalizer by using the golden section search (GSS), which deals with the system fluctuation better and improves the search speed.</P>

에스 결장 염전을 동반한 특발성 거대결장 1예

염주진,최지훈,김지웅,김상욱,김태현,최석채,이정균,윤기중,나용호 대한대장항문학회 2002 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.18 No.2

Comparisons of hearing threshold changes in male workers with unilateral conductive hearing loss exposed to workplace noise

Sang Jin Park,Joo Hyun Sung,Chang Sun Sim,Seok Hyeon Yun,Jeong Han Yeom,Joong-Keun Kwon,Jiho Lee 대한직업환경의학회 2016 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.28 No.-

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate hearing threshold changes of workers with unilateral conductive hearing loss who were exposed to workplace noise for 8-years. Methods: Among 1819 workers at a shipyard in Ulsan, 78 subjects with an air-bone gap ≥10 ㏈HL in unilateral ears were selected. Factors that could affect hearing were acquired from questionnaires, physical examinations, and biochemistry examinations. Paired t-test was conducted to compare the hearing threshold changes over time between conductive hearing loss (CHL) ear and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) ear. Results: The study included male subjects aged 48.7 ± 2.9, having worked for 29.8 ± 2.7 years. Hearing thresholds increased significantly in CHL ears and SNHL ears at all frequencies (0.5–6 ㎑) during follow-up period (p < 0.05). The threshold change at 4 ㎑ was 3.2 ㏈HL higher in SNHL ears which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). When workers were exposed to noise levels of 85 ㏈A and above, threshold change at 4 ㎑ was 5.6 ㏈HL higher in SNHL ears which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among workers aged below 50, the threshold change values were lower in low-frequency (0.5–2 ㎑) in SNHL ears, with a small range of changes, whereas in high-frequency (3–6 ㎑), the range of changes was greater SNHL ears (p < 0.05). Among workers aged 50 and above, SNHL ears showed a wider range of changes in both high- and low-frequency areas (p < 0.05). Conclusions: At high-frequencies, particularly at 4 ㎑, the range of hearing threshold changes was lower in ears with conductive hearing loss than in contralateral ears. This is suggested as a protective effect against noise exposure.

Layer-controlled thinning of black phosphorus by an Ar ion beam

Park, Jin Woo,Jang, Sung Kyu,Kang, Dong Ho,Kim, Doo San,Jeon, Min Hwan,Lee, Won Oh,Kim, Ki Seok,Lee, Sung Joo,Park, Jin-Hong,Kim, Kyong Nam,Yeom, Geun Young Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.5 No.41

<▼1><P>BP thinning was carried out using a monoenergetic Ar<SUP>+</SUP> ion beam and the BP could be thinned without damaging the surface.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the most interesting two-dimensional (2D) layered materials due to its unique properties, including a band gap energy change from 0.3 eV (bulk) to 2.0 eV (monolayer) depending on the number of BP layers, for application in nanoelectronic devices. In general, 2D layered materials including BP have limitations in terms of synthesis due to the process factors such as time, temperature, <I>etc.</I>, and thus, a thinning technique from the bulk material to a 2D material needs to be used while controlling the removed layer thickness. In this study, layer-controlled thinning of BP was performed by using a controlled Ar<SUP>+</SUP> ion beam method and the BP thinning characteristics were investigated. By using the near monoenergetic ion energy in the range of 45–48 eV, BP could be thinned with the thinning rate of ∼0.55 nm min<SUP>−1</SUP> down to bilayer BP without increasing the surface roughness and without changing the chemical binding states. The BP oxide on the pristine BP could also be successfully removed using the same Ar<SUP>+</SUP> ion beam. 2D BP field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated with the thinned bilayer–10-layer BPs exhibited electrical characteristics similar to those of pristine BP FETs suggesting no electrical damage on the BP layers thinned by the controlled monoenergetic Ar<SUP>+</SUP> ion beam.</P></▼2>

안전하고 위생적인 우유생산을 위한 HACCP 시스템 적용에 관한 연구 I. 목장에서 원유 생산단계별 HACCP 수행을 위한 선행조건

문진산(Jin San Moon),주이석(Yi Seok Joo),임숙경(Suk Kyung Im),장금찬(Gum Chan Jang),김종염(Jong Yeom Kim),표수일(Su Il Pyo),사혁(Hyuck Sa),박용호(Young Ho Park) 한국예방수의학회 1999 예방수의학회지 Vol.23 No.2

우유와 유제품은 인체의 생명활동과 체력유지를 위해 필요한 영양소를 균형있게 갖춘 완전식품으로 그 영양학적 가치가 높아 소비량이 날로 증가되고 있지만, 우유유래 위해요소에 대한 체계적인 관리가 이루어지지 못한다면, 인체에 유해한 질병이나 손상을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 위생적이고 안전성 있는 우유을 생산하기 위해서는 원유 생산단계에서부터 가공, 처리 및 유통단계 전반에 걸쳐 종합적이고, 체계적인 관리체계가 요구되어진다. 원유의 품질은 유제품의 품질과 직접적으로 연결되므로 원유의 품질은 매우 중요하다. 이러한 견지에서 목장에서 위해요소에 대한 검사 및 규제강화가 필연적으로 수반될 수 밖에 없는 실정이다. 하지만, 국내 축산업의 취약성 등의 현실을 감안할 때 생산자인 낙농가의 심리적 부담이 한층 가중될 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 목장에서 HACCP 시스템을 적용하면 위생적이고 안전성 높은 우유를 소비자에게 공급할 수 있으며, 목장에서는 유질향상에 따른 경제적 소득 증대와 질병감소에 따른 생산성 향상으로 국내 축산발전의 새로운 계기를 마련할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. HACCP is a management tool that provides a more structured approach to the control of identified hazards than that achievable by traditional inspection and quality control procedures. HACCP has international recognition as the most effective means of controlling foodborne disease and is endorsed as such by the joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. When implementing HACCP in a dairy farm, the first step is to review existing programs to verify if all the prerequisite requirements are met and if all the necessary control and documentation are in place. Prerequisite programs are evaluated for their cenformance to the minimum requirements. The effectiveness of the programs is monitored and the required records are properly maintained. All milk for pasteurization shall be from herd under a brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication program. Cows which show evidence of the secretion of abnormal milk in one or more quarters based upon bacteriological, chemical, or physical examination, shall be milked last or with separate equipment and the milk shall be discarded. The microbiological, chemical, and physical tests shall be conduced in accordance with standard method for the examination of water. Also, milk containers and equipment must be cleaned and sanitised. The HACCP system is an important tool for production of safety and hygienic quality of raw milk from farms.

안전하고 위생적인 우유생산을 위한 HACCP 시스템 적용에 관한 연구 II. 목장용수의 위생화학적 조사

문진산(Jin San Moon),주이석(Yi Seok Joo),임숙경(Suk Kyung Im),장금찬(Gum Chtan Jang),김종염(Jong Yeom Kim),표수일(Su Il Pyo),사혁(Hyuck Sa),김태훈(Tae Hoon Kim),박용호(Young Ho Park) 한국예방수의학회 1999 예방수의학회지 Vol.23 No.3

목장용수의 위생화학적 상태를 조사하고, 목장용수와 원유중 세균수 위생등급과의 관련성을 조사하기 위하여 경기도 화성군, 안산시, 시흥시 소재 108개 목장을 대상으로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 일반 세균수와 대장균수는 각각 1,780±54 CFU/ml과 23±12 CFU/ml이었으며, 평균 pH는 6.70±0.03이었으며, 경화도는 96.5±5.8 mg/l, 염소 함유량은 16.4±1.8mg/1로 각각 조사되었다. 수질중 철분의 함량은 0.58±0.28 mg/l로 조사되어 세척시 문제되는 농도 0.2 mg/l보다 훨씬 높은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 세척수 기준중 일반 세균수 기준에 부적합비율 목장은 22.2%로 조사되었으며, 대장균수 부적합 비율도 일반 세균수와 같은 22.2%로 조사되었다. 3. 일반 세균수에서 세척수 권장 기준에 적합한 80개 목장의 원유 세균수 1A, B 등급별 분포율이 각각 57.5%와 28.7%였으나, 세척수 기준에 부적합을 나타낸 28개 목장의 세균수 1A, B 등급 분포율이 각각 32.1%와 46.4%를 나타내어 원유 세균수 위생등급과 수질중 일반 세균수와는 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 대장균수와 원유 세균수 위생등급과는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않은 것으로 조사되었다. Water for milking house and milking operations will be from a supply properly located, protected and operated, and shall be easily accessible, adequate and sanitary. It is most important of the solution used for the cleaning and sanitizing processes. In this study, In order to investigate relationship between hygienic quality in raw milk and the hygienic chemical conditions of water, we examined the bacteriological and chemical tests of 108 water in the farm areas of Gyeonggi. Of the 108 water, the average numbers of standard plate count(SPC) and coliforms were 1,780±454 CFU/ml and 23±12 CFU/ml, respectively. The average pH was 6.70±0.03, total hardness 96.5±5.8mg/L, chlorine 16.4±1.8mg/L, and iron 0.58±0.28mg/L, respectively. Also, Of the 108 water, 24 sample (22.2%) exceeded over standard plate count and coliforms recommended standard cleaning/sanitizing applications, respectively. The prevalence of first A grade raw milk according to the total bacterial counts were higher with the adequate condition(57.5%) than with in inadequate condition(32.1%) in the SPC of farm water. Therefore, the relationships between hygienic quality in raw milk and the SPC of farm water were siginificant. In conclusion, this study will be overemphasized the importance of a sanitary of water condition.

안전하고 위생적인 우유생산을 위한 HACCP system 적용에 관한 연구 : 3. 목장원유의 미생물학적 위생상태 조사 3. Survey on Microbiological Quality of Raw Milk

문진산,주이석,임숙경,장금찬,김종염,표수일,사혁,김태훈,박용호 한국수의공중보건학회 1999 예방수의학회지 Vol.23 No.4