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Distribution of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in Perioral Exocrine Glands in Rats
Jeong, Jongcheol,Kim, Sunhun,Kim, Hyunjin,Kim, Minseok,Koh, Jeongtae,Lee, Kiheon,Kim, Wonjae,Oh, Wonmann,Lee, Eunjoo,Ryu, Sunyoul Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 2001 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.26 No.1
Endogenous nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by NO synthase (NOS), has been reported to play certain roles in exocrine gland secretion. Little has been found, however, on the distribution of NOS isoforms in perioral exocrine glands and their innervating ganglia. Monoclonal mouse anti-endothelial NOS and anti-neuronal NOS were used as primary antibodies for immunohistochemistry. Neuronal NOS(nNOS) immunoreactivity was strongly demonstrated in the submandibular ganglion an postganglionic fibers in the submandibular and minor salivary glands in the tongue and in the lacrimal gland. nNOS was also moderately stained in the myoepithelial cells and excretory ducts of the major salivary glands with the ducts in the parotid gland staining weakest. The reactivity was weak in the sebaceous gland and barely visible in the superior cervical ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, excretory ducts of the minor salivary glands and acini of all the salivary glands. Strong endothelial NOS(eNOS) immunoreactivity was observed in the vascular endothelial cells, excretory ducts of the major salivary glands and the lacrimal gland. The eNOS immunoreactivity was moderate in the myoepithelial cells in the major salivary glands. In contrast, very weak reactivity was seen in some acini of the major salivary glands and the sebaceous gland, and no reactivity was present in the ganglia and nerve fibers. These results suggest that eNOS-synthesized NO is implicated in the regulation of blood flow and secretion in perioral exocrine glands, whereas nNOS-synthesized NO is involved in th regulation of secretion in the perioral exocrine glands and may act as a neurotransmitter in their innervating parasympathetic ganglia.
Rules and trends of metal cation driven hydride-transfer mechanisms in metal amidoboranes
Kim, Dong Young,Lee, Han Myoung,Seo, Jongcheol,Shin, Seung Koo,Kim, Kwang S. Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.12 No.20
<P>Group I and II metal amidoboranes have been identified as one of the promising families of materials for efficient H<SUB>2</SUB> storage. However, the underlying mechanism of the dehydrogenation of these materials is not well understood. Thus, the mechanisms and kinetics of H<SUB>2</SUB> release in metal amidoboranes are investigated using high level <I>ab initio</I> calculations and kinetic simulations. The metal plays the role of catalyst for the hydride transfer with formation of a metal hydride intermediate towards the dehydrogenation. In this process, with increasing ionic character of the metal hydride bond in the intermediate, the stability of the intermediate decreases, while the dehydrogenation process involving ionic recombination of the hydridic H with the protic H proceeds with a reduced barrier. Such correlations lead directly to a U-shaped relationship between the activation energy barrier for H<SUB>2</SUB> elimination and the ionicity of metal hydride bond. Oligomerized intermediates are formed by the chain reaction of the size-driven catalytic effects of metals, competing with the non-oligomerization pathway. The kinetic rates at low temperatures are determined by the maximum barrier height in the pathway (a Λ-shaped relation), while those at moderately high temperatures are determined by most of multiple-barriers. This requires kinetic simulations. At the operating temperatures of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the metal amidoboranes with lithium and sodium release H<SUB>2</SUB> along both oligomerization and non-oligomerization paths. The sodium amidoboranes show the most accelerated rates, while others release H<SUB>2</SUB> at similar rates. In addition, we predict that the novel metal amidoborane-based adducts and mixtures would release H<SUB>2</SUB> with accelerated rates as well as with enhanced reversibility. This comprehensive study is useful for further developments of active metal-based better hydrogen storage materials.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Deep understanding of the underlying kinetic mechanisms provides sufficient information so that we can tune the reaction to obtain improved properties for application as hydrogen storage. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b925235e'> </P>
A Study on the Single-dose Oral Toxicity of Super Key in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Kim, Jinhee,Lee, Jongcheol,Kim, Sungchul KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.3
Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the single-dose oral toxicity of the super key (processed sulfur). Methods: All experiments were conducted at Medvill, an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies, under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. In order to investigate the oral toxicity of super key. We administered it orally to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The SD rats were divided into four groups of five male and five female animals per group: group 1 being the control group and groups 2, 3, and 4 being the experimental groups. Doses of super key 500 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg and 2,000 mg/kg were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 10 mL/kg, was administered to the control group. We examined the survival rates, weights, clinical signs, gross findings and necropsy findings. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. (Approval number: A01-14018). Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the four groups. Although slight decreases in the weights of some female rats were noted, no significant changes in weights or differences in the gross findings between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that administration of 500 - 2,000 mg/kg of super key did not cause any changes in the weights or in the results of necropsy examinations. Neither did it result in any mortalities. The above findings suggest that treatment with super key is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed to yield more concrete evidence.