신세포암에 있어서 신장 윤곽 융기에 관한 방사선학적 고찰

이병철,김종철 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1996 충남의대잡지 Vol.23 No.2

We analyzed radiologic findings of 34 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) of excretory urography, angiography, sonogram, CT, or MRI, with emphasis on renal contour bulging. Renal contour bulging was noted in all cases including two small hyperechoic RCCs (stage I) of less than 3cm in diameter on ultrasonography. The border of contour bulging tended to be smooth (9/10 = 90%) and symmetric (8/10 = 80%) in stage I RCCs, but irregular (13/16 = 81%) and asymmetric (9/16 = 56%) in stage IV RCCs. The diameter ratio of the bulging portion of the tumor to the tumor as a whole did not show any statistically significant difference to the stage of RCCs. Radiologic findings of pelvicaliceal involvement of RCCs (hydrocalyx, hydronephrosis, non-opacification of the affected kidney, etc.) were demonstrated in seven cases (21%), and all these seven RCCs were longer than 5cm in diameter and six of seven RCCs belnged to stage IV. All five cases less than 5cm in diameter were of stage I, whereas all three RCCs greater than 15cm were of stage IV. Only two patients (6%) of stage IlIc & IV showed impairment of renal function on the basis of increased serum creatinine level and clinical findings. Renal contour bulging adjacent to a renal solid or complex tumor without dilatation of pelvicaliceal system or impairment of renal function can be used as one of useful criteria to diagnose and stage RCCs and differentiate them from uroepithelial tumors in adult kidneys.

위의 기능과 위기능장애

李鍾徹 대한의사협회 1999 대한의사협회지 Vol.42 No.9

폴록사머를 이용한 디클로페낙 고형 좌제의 개발

용철순,오유경,김정애,김용일,박상만,양준호,이종달,최한곤 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2

To develop a poloxamer-based solid suppository with poloxamer mixtures, the melting points of various formulations composed of P 124 and P 188 were investigated. To investigate the effect of poloxamer to the dissolution and dissolution mechanism of diclofenac sodium from the suppository the dissolution of diclofenac sodium delivered by the poloxamer-based suppository was performed. Furthermore, to investigate the mucoadhesive property of the poloxamer-based solid suppository, the identification test in the rectum was carried out after its rectal administration in rats. The poloxamer mixtures composed of P 124 and P 188 were homogeneous. Very small amounts of P 188 affected the melting points of poloxamer mixtures. In particular, the poloxamer mixture [P 124/P 188 (97/3%)] with the melting point of about 32℃ was a solid form at room temperature and instantly melted at physiological temperature. Furthermore, very small amounts of P 188 in the poloxamer-based suppository hardly affected the dissolution rates of diclofenac sodium from the suppository. Dissolution mechanism analysis showed the dissolution of diclofenac sodium was proportional to the time. At 4 h after administration, the blue color of poloxamer-based suppository [diclofenac sodium/poloxamer mixture (2.5/97.5%)] with the P 124/P 188 ratio of (97/3%) and blue lake in the rectum was faded. However, the position of suppository in the rectum did not significantly change with time. Thus, it retained in the rectum for at least 4 h. Our results indicated that the poloxamer-based solid suppository with P 124 and P 188 would be a candidate of rectal dosage from for diclofenac sodium.

밀리미터파 발진을 위한 WG모드와 전송선로결합 조건

김종태,박영석,이영철 경남대학교 공업기술연구소 2000 硏究論文集 Vol.18 No.-

유전체 공진기중 WG모드가 밀리미터 대역에서 높은 Q값과 저 위상잡음의 특성을 나타내는 가장 적합한 모드로 이용되고 있으므로 본 논문에서는 밀리미터파 발진기를 설계하기 위하여 WG모드의 공진주파수와 공진모드의 해석 및 WG모드와 마이크로스트립선로와의 결합관계를 해석하였다. 모의 실험을 통하여 WG 모드 유전체 공진기를 비유전율이 38인 사파이어를 직경 4mm, 높이 0.225mm, 방위모드수 14로 할 때 77GHz 밀리미터파 발진기를 설계할 수 있음을 보였다. The frequencies of WGM(whispering gallery mode) dielectric resonators which have very high Q factor and low phase noise on the millimeter wave have been used in preference to fundamental mode dielectric resonators. This paper present the physical condition of whispering gallery mode resonance frequency and coupling condition between microstripline and WGM resonator. With a whispering gallery mode sapphire resonator of relative permittivity of 38, we determine the physical size of the diameter 4 mm and the height 0.0225 mm of sapphire and the azimuthal mode number is 14 to design of 77GHz millimeter oscillator.

헬리코박터 파이로리 균 진단용 ^13C-요소 캅셀의 개발

용철순,김용일,김지만,강성훈,권기철,이종달,김종국,사홍기,최한곤 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.1

The purpose of this study was to develop a new ^13C-urea- containing capsule for diagnosis of H. pylori. The urea-containing capsules were prepared with various diluents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and citric acid. The dissolution test, ^13C-urea breath test and stability test were then performed on the capsules. Microcrystalline cellulose and sodium lauryl sulfate retarded the initial dissolution rates of urea. However, PEG increased the initial dissolution rates of urea. Furthermore, two formulae composed of PEG, [^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9 mg/cap)] and [^13C-urea/PEG/citric acid (38/1.9/1.9 mg/cap)] had the maximum DOB value, about 16 at 20 mim, while the formula composed of only 38 mg ^13C-urea had the maximum DOB value at 30 min. The results indicated that PEG improved the sensitivity of ^13C-urea in the human volunteers. The capsule [^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9 mg/cap)] was stable for at least six months in 25 and 37℃. Thus, a PEG-containing capsule, [^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9 mg/cap)] would be a more economical, sensitive and stable preparation for diagnosis of H. pylori.

헬리코박터 파이로리 균 진단용 ^13C-요소 캅셀의 개발

용철순,김용일,김지만,강성훈,권기철,이종달,김종국,사홍기,최한곤 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2002 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study was to develop a new ^13C-urea-containing capsule for diagnosis of H.pylori. The urea-containing capsules were prepared with various diluents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), microcrystaline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and citric acid. The dissolution test, ^13C-urea breath test and stability test were then performed on the capsules. Microcrystalline cellulose and sodium lauryl sulfate retarded the initial dissolution rates of urea. However, PEG increased the initial dissolution rates of urea. Furthermore, two formulae composed of PEG,[^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9 mg/cap)] and [^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9/1.9 mg/cap)] had the maximum DOB value. about 16 at 20 min, while the formula composed of only 38 mg ^13C-urea had the maximum DOB value at 30 min. The results indicated that PEG improved the sensitivity of ^13C-urea in the human volunteers. The capsule [^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9 mg/cap)] was stable for at least six months in 25 and 37℃. Thus, a PEG-containing capsule, [^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9 mg/cap)] would be a more economical, sensitive and stable perparation for diagnosis of H. pylori.

프레탈정 (실로스타졸 100mg)에 대한 실로스탄정 (한국유나이티드 제약)의 생물학적 동등성

용철순,이경희,최진석,박병주,정세현,김용일,박상만,유봉규,이종달,최한곤 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.2

Bioequivalence of one cilostazol tablets, the Pletaal^(R)(Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Cilostan^(R)(Korea united Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA. Sixteen normal male volunteers(age 20~30 years old)were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 100㎎ of cilostazol were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of cilostazol in plasma was determined with an HPLC method using UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters(C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameter. The results showed that the differences in C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) between one tablet were 16.08%, 18.88% and 17.57%, respectively. The powers (1-β) for C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) were 85.03%, 83.92% and 80.12%, respectively. Detectable differences(Δ) and confidence intervals were all less than 20%, and confidence interval of all the parameters were also less than 20% at the significance level(α) of 0.05. All of these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Cilostan^(R) tablet is bioequivalent to Pletaal^(R) tablet.

근린약국에서 산제로 조제된 아테놀올정의 안정성

용철순,최한곤,이종달,유봉규 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.4

Prescription filling in powder form is performed in community pharmacy practice to adjust dose for children and patients who cannot swallow whole tablet. However, there are few reports regarding the stability of the active ingredient and possible microbial growth after the medication is dispensed to powder form. This study examined the stability of atenolol, an antihypertensive agent, and microbial growth in the unit dose pouches dispensed at twenty-one community pharmacies located in Taegu area. Randomly chosen first unit dose pouch contained 77.4% of the prescribed dose of the drug and there were only four community pharmacies that dispensed the drug within 10% deviation from the dose prescribed by physician. Surprisingly, there were three community pharmacies that dispensed the drug with greater than 40% deviation, which may pose a major concern regarding the efficacy and safety of the drug prescribed for the treatment of hypertension. Atenolol content during a month did not indicate significant change, showing 5.4%, 4.3%, and 3.3% of decrease in 50%, 80%, and 90% relative humidity conditions, respectively. Microbiological examination during a month showed less than 0.5 microorganism in high power field (hpf) in all the relative humidity conditions tested. Based on this study, pharmacy practice in community pharmacy needs to be rigorously regulated to ensure that the dose of the prescribed drug is properly incorporated into the unit dose pouch dispensed as powder form.

프로스타글란딘 E₁ 요도좌제의 제조 및 평가

김종오,권기철,이종달,최한곤,용철순 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2000 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this work is to develop a transurethral suppository containing prostaglandin E₁(PGE₁), which stabilizes the drug, gives no irritation to physiological body and enhances the erectile response of PGE₁. PGE₁ transurethral suppositories were prepared with various amounts of compositions such as saturated polyglycolysed glyceride(Suppocire^(?) AP, SAP), polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-50) and ethanol. The melting points, viscosities and PGE₁ release of the suppositories were investigated. Ocular irritation test was carried out after application of PGE₁ suppository to rabbit's eye. The intracavemous pressure(ICP), penile length and duration of erectile response were determined after transurethral administration of PGE₁ suppository and compared with those after intracavemosal injection of PGE₁ solution to cats. HCO-50 hardly affected the melting points and viscosities of PGE₁ suppositories. Additionally, PGE₁ transurethral suppositories, whose melting point ranges was 34-35℃, was speedily melted in physiological body. HCO-50 significantly decreased the dissolution rates of PGE₁ from the suppositories. Dissolution mechanism analysis showed the release of PGE₁ was pro-portional to the square root of time, indicating that PGE₁ might be released from the suppositories by Fickian diffusion. The release rate of PGE₁ from PGE₁ suppository [PGE₁/SAP/HCO-50/ethanol (1/94.5/2.5/2%)] was about 80% within 2h. This PGE₁ suppository gave no irritation to the urethral tissue less sensive than ocular tissue. Furthermore, PGE₁ in this suppository was stable at 4℃ for 2 years. This suppository increased the ICP and penile erection similar to those of injuctable PGE₁ solution. However, it gave 2.5-fold increased dura-tion of erectile response than injectable PGE₁ solution. Our results suggested that it gave more effective erectile response than injectable PGE₁ solution in cats. It is concluded that this PGE₁ suppository with good safety, excellent stability and enhanced erectile response, could be a more effective and convenient transurethal delivery system of PGE₁.

아세클로페낙 연질캡슬(클란자 에스 연질캡슬)의 개발

용철순,이경희,최진석,박병주,정세현,김용일,박상만,배명수,김귀자,김영식,유창훈,강성룡,유봉규,이종달,최한곤 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.1

To develop and aceclofenac soft capsule, four preparations with various solubilizers were prepared and their dissolution test was carried out. Among four preparations tested, a preparation with ethanolamine was selected a formula of aceclofenac soft capsule (Clanza S^(™), since it showed the fastest dissolution rate. Bioequivalence of aceclofenac tablet, Airtal^(™)(Dae-Woong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and aceclofenac soft capsule, Clanza S^(™)(Korea United Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA. Fourteen normal male volunteers (age 20-25 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After oral administration of one tablet or capsule containing 100 ㎎ of aceclofenac, blood ws taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of aceclofenac in plasma wa determined with an HPLC method under UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters (C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_(t), C_(max) and T_(max) between Airtal tablet and Clanza soft capsule were 2.89%, 0.18% and 43.0%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.250(e.g.log(0.81) - log(1.23) and log(0.89) - log(1.14)) for AUC_(t) and C_(max), respectively. Thus, the criteria of the KDFA guidelines for the equivalence was satisfied, indicating that Clanza S^(™) soft capsule is bioequivalent to Airtal^(™) tablet.