On the Syntax of the It-Cleft Construction: A Construction-based Perspective

( Jong Bok Kim ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2012 언어연구 Vol.29 No.1

Kim, Jong-Bok 2012, On the Syntax of the It-Cleft Construction: A Construiction-based Perspective. Linguistic Research 29(l), 4548, The English it-cleft construction displays ambivalent structural properties: restrictive relative clause and non-relative clause properties. This paper reviews its main grammatical properties and then sketches a uniform analysis for different types of the construction. This direction departs from the traditional ternary analysis in which the copula takes two complements, focus and cleft clause. In this paper, we suggest that the copula be in the cleft, as in other canonical environments, projects a binary structure, forming a cleft construction, This way of viewing the it-cleft construction as forming an independent grammatical entity brings us several welcoming consequences.

Similarities and Differences between the Close and Loose Apposition in English

Jong-Bok Kim 한국영어학학회 2014 영어학연구 Vol.20 No.3

Kim, Jong-Bok. 2014. Similarities and Differences between the Close and Loose Apposition in English. English Language and Linguistics 20.3, 79-98. English introduces two different types of nominal apposition: close and loose apposition.These two types of apposition share many grammatical properties, but at the same time behave differently in many respects. The loose apposition construction is a head-modifier structure in which the appositive, functioning as a modifier, also evokes an independent message linked to the conversational implicature. Meanwhile, the close apposition construction is a modifier-head structure in which the head is a proper noun requiring a definite specifier. This paper shows that the grammatical similarities and differences between these two can be followed from a Construction Grammar view

영어 Much of an N 구문에 대한 말뭉치 기반적 접근

김옥기(Ok gi Kim),김종복(Jong Bok Kim) 현대문법학회 2015 현대문법연구 Vol.86 No.-

Okgi Kim and Jong-Bok Kim. 2015. English much of an N Construction: A Corpus-based Approach. Studies in Modern Grammar 86, 47-70. English much of an N (henceforth, MOA) construction (e.g., It’s not much of a problem.) consists of quantifiers like much, more/less, enough, little and of-an-NP to intensify the indefinite singular degree NP. In this paper, we first review basic properties of the construction, focusing on the relation between the gradability of the NP and its predicativeness. In particular, after investigating authentic corpus data of the MOA, we provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis which allows a constraint-based approach in accounting for various syntactic as well as semantic properties of the construction.

무한의존구문의 무흔적, 제약기반이론적 접근

김종복 대한언어학회 1997 언어학 Vol.5 No.2

Kim, Jong-Bok. 1997. A Traceless and Constraint-Based Approach to Unbounded Dependency Constructions. Linguistics, 5-2, 225-254. Most of the previous analyses for the so-called unbounded dependency constructions (UDC) have been couched upon the introduction of phonetical empty categories into the grammar. However, Sag and Fodor (1994), reexamining empirical motivations for these invisible elements, show that all independent arguments for the existence of traces such as wanna contraction, auxiliary contraction, and position of floated quantifier are neither satisfactory nor well-grounded. They also present positive arguments for terminating fill-gap dependencies by lexical heads, not by traces. This paper first reviews an analysis (especially that of Sag (1996, 1997)) of UDCs that posits no trace whatsoever in the grammar. In particular, it shows how the interaction of the mechanism of multiple inheritance hierarchies and type-specific constraints (cf. Sag 1997) especially within Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar(HPSG) can provide a systematic and precise analysis of both English and Korean UDCs. The paper further examines Bouma, Malouf, and Sag (1997)'s recent analysis in which an adjunct element is placed on the same grammatical level as the other syntactically selected complement(s). Finally, this paper looks into consequences such a tracless analysis can bring to us for English and Korean UDCs. (Seowon University)

피스톤 가공용 CNC 선반 HOT-1000 개발에 관한 연구

김경석,김종관,김상복,김성식,정현철,이도윤 한국공작기계학회 1996 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.5 No.2

The purpose of this study is the development of a lathe which can cut any pistons of oval shape with high speed, accuracy and precision by CNC (computer Numerical Control) method. Y axis which is the mechanism of position determination with high speed response has been aded to the CNC lathe and ovality and profile has been cut under the synchronous control of C-Y-Z axes. In the case of ovality of Φ0.5mm, the productivity can be improved up to 1500rpm by high speed cutting than modeling method.

The Effects of Publicly Disclosing the Corporate Sustainability Management Practices on Its Stakeholders' Satisfaction and Trustworthiness to the Corporations

Kim,Jong-Dae.Lee,Joong-Kyu.Kim,Yeon-Bok 한국상품학회 2012 商品學硏究 Vol.30 No.6

This study examined effects on stakeholder satisfaction and reliability and how stakeholders become aware of by disclosing sustainability management public activities being promoted or has been promoted by a corporate through empirical analysis. The study examined effects on satisfaction and reliability by examining level of awareness on growth index, profit index along with governance, risk management corresponding to economical activities and environment management, responding to climate changes, green products, green logistics corresponding to environmental activities and finally social contribution, human rights protection, consumer information protection, growth with partners corresponding to social activities out of sustainability management. The study also examined effects according to demographical characteristics and types of life styles. Subjects for study were employees of LG Household & Health Care a manufacturer of consumer goods, partners, institutional investors and consumers using Google Docs program and conducted surveys on 43 items and study period was from Nov 10 to 30 of 2011 through online. Hypothesis was verified using SAS statistics programfor empirical analysis and statistical methods applied was regression analysis and correlation analysis and variance analysis. The results fromthis study can be summarized as followings. First, the effects on stakeholder satisfaction by disclosing performance of sustainability management were analyzed as having positive (+) effects on stakeholder satisfaction by all factors of economical, environmental, social activities which are triple bottom lines of corporate sustainable activities. The study showed that the awareness on performance especially on environmental responsibilities affected greatly in stakeholder satisfaction. Second, the effects on stakeholder reliability by disclosing performance of sustainability management were analyzed as having positive (+) effects on stakeholder satisfaction by all factors of economical, environmental, social activities which are triple bottom lines of corporate sustainable activities. The study showed that the awareness on performance especially on social responsibilities affected greatly in stakeholder satisfaction. Third, the effects on stakeholder satisfaction and reliability on the awareness of performance of sustainability management according to the types of stakeholder did not show meaningful results. The awareness on performance of sustainability management was higher for employees than other stakeholders thus forecasted that satisfaction or reliability according to this would be high but could not find meaningful differences between stakeholder groups but showed higher satisfaction from shareholders and institutional investors. This is believed that the disclosure of sustainability management is required for institutions for analyzing, evaluating and making investments on corporate and providing information. Fourth, disclosed data on sustainability management was analyzed as having significantly positive (+) effects on third party verifications and reliability. The study showed that reliability on environment and social data was high. This is because there are hardly any reports on disclosed corporate environmental and social contributions and the contents were at the level of promotional materials by corresponding organizations while reports on sustainability management published by third party verifications were trusted more. Fifth, the relationship between stakeholder satisfaction and reliability on sustainability management showed no statistically meaningful results between two groups after analyzing satisfaction and reliability between groups with high interest and low interest in sustainability management. The effects on stakeholder satisfaction and reliability on the awareness and the interest on performance of sustainability management showed that the interest on sustainability management has no meanin

조선후기의 신라정통론(新羅正統論)과 발해사(渤海史)의 인식

김종복 ( Jong Bok Kim ) 수선사학회 2011 史林 Vol.0 No.39

There have been two different ideas to understand the time when Silla and Balhae coexisted. One way has comprehended it as ``the period of North and South kingdom``, but the other has deemed it ``the period of unified Silla and Balhae``. The term of ``unified Silla`` means that Balhae is excluded from Korean history. However, the idea of ``unified Silla`` is being still supported to emphasize the opportunity to form Korean people. The concept of ``unified Silla`` has common ground with the theory of Silla`s legitimacy prevailing in Jpseon period and ``unification of Korean Peninsula`` in modern Manseonsahak(historical studies on Mancuria and Joseon) in the way that it discriminates itself from Silla kingdom during the Three-Kingdoms era. Also, it is the same that Balhae has been ruled out from the view of ``unified Silla`` which gave the meaning to Silla`s final victory as historical milestone. Therefore, this study exmaines the development in the theory of Silla`s legitimacy and recognition of Balhae`s history to understand the current problem of dual attitude toward Balhae`s history and search for alternative. Most representative history books in Joseon period from Dongguktonggam to Dongsagangmok, which were written in the historical view with the theory of legitimacy, treated Balhae`s hisotry as a maginal country. Goguryeo was rediscovered in the external crisis after the two struggles against Japanese and Manchus. Balhae succeeded to Goguryeo began to receive attention with it. Donsa written by Yi Jong-huee completely denied the theory of Silla`s legitimacy by means of the theory of Dangun and Gija`s legitimacy. Balhaego written by Yu Deuk-gong could raise the idea of North and South kingdom era where Silla and Bahae coexisted on the Donsa`s view. With Dongsa, Dongsaganmok, the history book wrtten in theory of legitimacy, was much helpful for Yu to write Balhaego.

경연 대회를 통한 초ㆍ중고생의 창의력 신장 효과에 관한 연구

이희복,육근철,류해일,김현섭,김희수,박달원,유병환,김선효,김여상,서광수,변두원,서명석,배성효,박종석,심규철,이성희 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 과학교육연구 Vol.32 No.1

미래 사회를 대비하기 위한 개인의 개성을 존중과 창의적인 능력을 지닌 인간을 양성을 목적으로 충청남도 지역의 초 ㆍ 중고등학생들을 대상으로 한 창의력 경연대회가 공주대학교 과학교육연구소에서 개최되었다. 충청남도 초 ㆍ중 ㆍ 고등학생들을 대상으로 실시한 창의력 경연대회는 창조적 아이디어를 내어 스스로 문제를 해결해 나갈 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 제공하는 좋은 기회였음이 확인되었으나, 일부의 팀에서만 참신하고 재미있는 아이디어들이 제안되었다. 여학생의 참가자 수가 상당히 증가하였으며, 대체적으로 입상권의 학생들의 상당 부분이 여학생이라는 것이 특이할만하다. 학년이 올라감에 따라서 창의적인 아이디어를 내는 양이나 질에 있어서 뒤떨어지는 것으로 분석되었으며, 토론 학습의 적응력이 미흡하고 발표력 및 청취력에 있어서도 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중 ㆍ고등학교의 학교교육에서도 학생들에게 프로젝트형 탐구학습 프로그램의 적용은 물론 토론식 수습을 통한 학생들의 사고의 전환의 기회를 제공해야 할 것으로 사료된다. The creativity competition was held to foster the creativity of elementary and secondary school students in the Institute of Science Education, Kongju national University. It was found that the creativity competition effected on the improvement of inventing creative ideas and problem solving activities. But, only some competitors participated in semifinal and final contests, presented original and interesting ideas. More female students participated in competition than last year. More female participants were awarded a prize than males. Totally, participants were defective in discussion and communication, and presentation and listening ideas. Increasing grades correlated inversely with creativity and originality. There is need of inquiry project teaming programs and presenting opportunities of conversion of thinking by discussing instructions in school

태아 간에서 적혈구형성세포의 통벽성 이주

이원복,이종원,김경용 대한해부학회 1996 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.29 No.4

초음파 진동 절삭에 의 한 가공정도 향상에 관한 연구

김원일,강종표,송지복 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1991 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

최근의 기계가공에서는 고도의 정밀도아 생산성을 함께 요구하고 있다. 일반적으로 정밀도가 높은 가공방법으로는 생산성은 떨어질 것이다. 따라서 생산성과 정밀도를 함께 향상시키는 한 방법으로 초음파 진동절삭을 예로 들 수 있다. 초음파 진동절삭이란 초음파역의 진동을 공구나 공작물에 가진시켜 가공하는 방법으로 본 논문에서는 이러한 방법으로 얻을 수 있는 여러 가지의 효과에 대하여 실험을 통하여 입증하고자 한다. The ultimate target of machining process is to get both precision and productivity simultaneously. To obtain these effects, many kinds of machining methods have been considered and various research effort has been made for a long time. Ultrasonic vibration cutting method is one of these methods. When the ultrasonic vibration is applied on the workpiece or the too, the cutting tool makes periodical contact with workpiece due to vibration. The cutting is performed by vibration impact force while the cutting tool contacts the workpiece, and it makes the displacement of both the tool and workpiece minimum in three cutting force component (principal, axial, radial force) direction during the cutting process. So the cutting precision is better than the the conventional cutting method.