效率的인 下水處理 改善方案에 關한 硏究

이진희,류제천,김송만,박춘수 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.12 No.2

Greeting the local self-government age, local finance independece rate of local autonomy is on very poor state. So, the method of discharge a cleanest water with the least expense in sewage treatment is an important factor to supply clean water to Chung-Nam, Chung-Buk and Daejoen and to preserve a water quality of Daechong Lake. Therefore, in this study, we analysed not only a facilities outline of environment office and operating state for improvement of a water quality but also investment cost, maintenance cost, reduction method of working expenses for reduction of a budget. As a result of study, it is concluded to improve sewage pipe line of separate type and to install a flow control tank and to introduce a remove technique of T-N for the purpose of water quality improvement. Also, the relation of F/M ratio and outflow quality does not exist a regular proportional expression. But, water is the cleanest condition when the F/M ratio is 0.04. And, the most suitable injection rate of chemical material was 20㎎/ℓ for Al₂(SO₄)₃(8%) and 50㎎/ℓ(0.1%) for Polymer(0.1%). As a reduction method of operation cost, it is necessary to manage a technique support team and manage a foul water plant under township by environment office. As a result of comparison of an electric fee, a chemical cost, a by-produce recycle, and a facilities improvement, total expenses was reduced about 9% in 1996.

분화중인 흰쥐 콩팥의 요세관에서 nNOS의 발현

송지현,류시윤,김진,정주영 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.2

Nitric oxide는 콩팥에서 혈류의 조절, 사구체 혈액역동학 및 요세관의 운반에 중요한 역할을 하는 인자로서 최근 세포의 주기조절, 유사분열에도 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근 연구결과에 의하면 발생중인 콩팥에서의 nNOS의 발현은 성체와는 다른 것으로 알려져 있으나, 발생중인 콩팥에서의 발현 양상 및 발현시기 등에 대해서 알려진 바 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 발생중인 콩팥을 이용하여 분화중인 요세관에서 nNOS의 발현양상을 관찰하고자 하였다. 성체에서 nNOS의 면역반응성은 사구체 보우만주머니의 벽측상피와 치밀반, 내림가는부분 및 수질집합관에 발현되었다. 발생중인 콩팥에서는 임신 15일에 처음 발현하기 시작하였으며, 그 부위는 원위세관의 굵은오름부분이었다. 임신 20일에서 출산후 14일까지 새로이 형성되는 요세관의 굵은오름부분에서 관찰되었으나, 분화를 마친 요세관에서는 그 발현 양상이 감소하였다. 출생후 21일경에는 최종적으로 치밀반에만 국한되어 발현되었다. 속수질에서는 내림가는 부분과 속수질 집합관에서 발현되었으며 그 양상은 수질 중간부위에서 강하게 발현되었으며 시작부위와 말단부위에서는 약하게 발현되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 굵은오름부분에서의 nNOS의 발현은 요세관의 분화정도와 일치하며 특히 그 발현양상이 분화가 활발한 시기에 강하게 발현되고 분화가 저하된 후에는 발현이 감소하는 것으로 보아 발생중인 콩팥의 성장에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important regulator of renal blood flow, glomerular hemodynamics, and tubule transport processes in the kidney. There is also evidence that NO is involved in cell cycle regulation and mitotic division. During development the nNOS expression pattern differs from that observed in adult animals. However, little is known about temporal and spatial patterns of nNOS expression in the developing kidney. The purpose of this study was to establish the time of expression and the distribution of nNOS in the developing rat kidney. Kidneys from 14-, 16-, 17-, 18-, and 20-day-old fetuses, 1-, 4-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day-old pups, and adult animals were preserved and processed for immunohistochemistry. In the adult kidney, nNOS was detected in the parietal epithelium of Bowman’s capsule, macula densa, descending thin limb and inner medullary collecting duct. nNOS immunoreactivity appeared first in the distal tubule anlage at 15 days of gestation, and in all epithelial cells of developing thick ascending limbs (TAL) as well as macula densa of 17- and 18-day-old fetuses. From 20 days of gestation to 14 days after birth, nNOS was expressed in the newly formed cortical TAL, which are located in the medullary ray, whereas in mature TAL of juxtamedullary nephrons, nNOS immunolabeling gradually decreased in intensity and became restricted to the macula densa. In inner medullary collecting ducts, nNOS immunoreactivity appeared first at 7 days after birth in the papillary tip and gradually ascended to the border between outer and inner medulla. In the descending thin limb and parietal epithelium of Bowman’s capsule, weak nNOS immunoreactivity was observed at 14 days after birth and labeling gradually increased to adult levels at 21 days after birth. These results suggest that differential expression of nNOS in the developing kidney is an important physiological regulator of renal function during kidney maturation.

7個 結晶系의 唯一 X-線 回折强度 資料

徐日煥,金光柱,秋錦洪,李珍昊,林星秀,柳保盈,金文執 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1992 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.1

한 結晶의 構造는 唯一單位의 X-線 回折强度資料로부터 決定될 수 있다. Miller指數(hkl)의 函數인 回折强度Ⅰ(hkl)는 異常 散亂(anomalous scattering)이 無視될때 對稱中心點群 卽 Laue群의 對稱性을 나타낸다. 이 論文에서는 모든 結晶系에 對한 回折强度의 唯一單位를 Laue群들의 對稱性으로부터 誘導하여 놓았다. Crystal structures can be determined from the unique data of X-ray intensity. As the X-ray intensity Ⅰ(hkl), which is a function of diffraction plane (hkl), has a center of symmetry assuming anomalous scattering is negligible Ⅰ(hkl) shows the symmetry of a centrosymmetric point group, i.e., a Laue group. In this paper the unique data of the intensity for all crystal systems have been derived from the symmetries of Laue groups.

規則的 反射條件으로 分類된 空間群

徐日煥,金光柱,秋錦洪,李珍昊,林星秀,柳保盈,金文執 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1992 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.1

各 結晶格子는 230個 空間群 中 하나로 記述되는 對稱性을 가지고 있으며 그 結晶의 構造를 밝히기 爲하여는 그 結晶이 屬한 空間群을 반드시 알아야 한다. 이 論文에서는 230個 空間群을, 그 結晶이 가지고 있는 反射條件에 依하여 明白히 決定되는 空間群과 空間群間의 共通的인 反射條件 때문에 結晶의 構造가 밝혀진 後에야 밝혀지는 空間群으로 分類하여 놓았다. Every crystal lattice has a symmetry which is described by one of the 230 space groups and the space group of a crystal must be known in order to elucidate its structure. In this paper the 230 space groups are classified into two categories, i.e., the space groups that are explicitly determined by the reflection conditions the crystals have and the others that are determined only after the elucidation of the crystal structures because of the common systematic reflection conditions between the space groups.

병원획득 Klebsiella pneumoniae 균혈증 분석을 통해 본 Ciprofloxacin 내성과 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase생성 간의 연관성

김미영,추은주,곽이경,송문희,나성수,송태준,김성혜,전재범,최상호,정진용,김남중,김양수,우준희,류지소 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

목적 : K. pneumoniae는 ciprofloxacin내성 증가가 전세계적으로 문제가 되고있는 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)를 생성하는 대표적인 세균으로 최근 외국에서 ciprofloxacin 내성과 ESBL 생성사이에 관련이 있다는 2-3편의 보고들이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 병원획득 K. pneumoniae 패혈증이 있었던 환자들을 대상으로 ciprofloxacin 내성과 관련된 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2001년 1월 부터 2002년 12월 사이에 2200병상의 3차 의료기관인 한 대학병원에서 입원 후 72시간 이후에 나간 혈액배양에서 K. pneumoniae가 배양된 입원환자를 대상으로 의무기록과 전산기록을 분석하여 환자의 성별, 나이, 병동, 기저질환, 이전의 항생제 사용력, 패혈증 발생당시까지의 재원기간, 이전 입원력, 원인균의ESBL 생성유무 등을 파악하였고 이들 변수가 ciprofloxacin 내성과 관련이 있는지를 분석하였다. 재발성 패혈증의 경우는 첫 번째 경우만을 분석에 포함하였다. 결과 : 연구대상 환자는 총154명이었고 K. pneumoniae의 ciprofloxacin에 대한 내성률은 28.6% (44/154)였다. Ciprofloxacin 내성균주 중 ESBL 생성균주의 비율은 95.5% (42/44)였고 ciprofloxacin 감수성균주에서 ESBL 생성균주의 비율은 24.5% (27/110)였다(P<0.001). ESBL생성외에 단변량 분석에서 유의한 관련을 보인 변수로는 남자, 나이가 많은 경우, 패혈증 당시 중환자실 재원, 기저질환이 고형암, 혈액암, 담도계 질환인 경우, 패혈증 발생이전 1달 이내의 항생제 사용력, 3세대 cephalosporin, metronidazole, fluroquinolone, carbapenem 투여력이 있었다. 다변량 로지스틱 분석을 시행 하였을 때는 나이가 많은 경우(Adjusted odds ratio[A0R]; 1.04, 95%confidence interval[CI]; 1.01-1.06)와 ESBL 생성(AOR; 81.35, 95% CI; 17.76-372.53)이 유의하게 ciprofloxacin 내성과 관련이 있었다. 결론 : 패혈증을 일으킨 병원획득 K. pneumonias에서의 ciprofloxacin 내성은 ESBL 생성과 유의한 관련을 보였고 향후 이에 관련된 원인이나 기전을 분석하기위한 분자역학적·분자생물학적 연구가 필요하겠다. Background : Strains of ciprofloxacin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged worldwide. We investigated the epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistance and its relationship to ESBL production in nosocomial K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Materials and Methods : Using the computerized database of clinical microbiology, we identified all patients whose blood culture had yielded K. pneumoniae between January 2001 and December 2002 at a 2200-bed university-affiliated tertiary-care hospital. During the study period, total of 392 episodes of K. pneumoniae bacteremia were documented of which 163 episodes were acquired nosocomially. 9 cases of recurrent episodes were excluded. Results : The resistance rates to ciprofloxacin was 28.6% (44/154). ESBL-production was significantly more common in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates than in ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates (95.9% [42/44] vs. 24.5% [27/110], P<0.001). In univariate analysis, following factors were significantly associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin: older age, male sex, ICU admission at the time of bacteremia, prior use of antibiotics within 1 month before bacteremia, solid tumor, hematological malignancy, or biliary disease as underlying disease, and ESBL-production. The prior use of 3^(rd)-generation cephalosprins, metronidazole, fluroquinolone, or carbapenem were also risk factors. Independent risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance were older age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]; 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.01-1.06) and ESBL production (AOR; 81.35, 95% CI; 17.76-372.53). Conclusion : The close relationship between ciprofloxacin resistance and ESBL production was documented in nosocomial K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Further epidemiological and molecular studies to determine factors and mechanisms involved in the relationship are needed.

뇌 심혈관계 관련질환 유소견 근로자들의 의료이용에 관한 연구

최태성,유재영,김진석,장은철,박주언,우극현 순천향의학연구소 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.2

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건강가정지원센터 가정생활교육 프로그램 운영 및 성과 : 용산구·숙명여자대학교 시범사업을 중심으로

김명자,계선자,박미석,장진경,김연화,한은주,류진아 한국가족관계학회 2005 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study is to propose a model for service programs and management strategies for the division of family education in Healthy Families Center. For the purpose, the researchers find out demands for the family education programs of people in Yong-San Gu, Seoul, exam the effect of each family education program of Yong-San Gu & Sookmyung Women's University Healthy Families Center from June to December, 2004. According to the results, people in Yong-San Gu need economic education service mostly, and they want to study at Saturday afternoon. The programs show positive effect on the improvement of family health.

골수염의 진단에 있어서의 Tc-99m Hexamethylpropylene amine oxime 백혈구 스캔의 임상적 유용성

최상호,김양수,정준원,정진원,추은주,서동대,배인규,양승오,우준희,류지소 대한화학요법학회 2001 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.19 No.1

배경 : 골수염의 진단에 있어 Technetium-99m을 이용한 삼상 골스캔(Tc-99m MDP스캔)은 단순방사선 검사상 정상소견을 보이는 경우에 쓰이는 1차적 검사로 매우 높은 민감도를 보인다. 그러나 Tc-99m MDP 스캔은 골절이나, 정형외과적 삽입물, 신경병적 관절병변과 같이 뼈의 재형성이 증가되는 상황에서도 양성소견을 보여 특이도가 낮은 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하고자 골수염의 진단에 있어 Tc-99m HMPAO 백혈구 스캔의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 골수염이 의심되어 Tc-99m HMPAO 백혈구 스캔을 시행했던 15명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 골수염의 확진은 임상관찰 소견과 배양검사 결과와 병리소견을 기준으로 하였다. 결과 : 골수염의 진단에 있어 Tc-99m HMPAO 백혈구 스캔의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 100%와 78%였고 Tc-99m HMPAO 스캔의 경우는 100%와 18%였다. 가장 흔한 원인균은 methicillin-resistant S. aureus였다. Tc-99m MDP 스캔에서 양성소견을 보였던 환자중 3명의 환자가 Tc-99m HMPAO 백혈구 스캔에서 음성 소견을 보였으며 이 환자들은 추적관찰상 골수염이 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 결론 : Tc-99m HMPAO 백혈구 스캔은 골수염의 존재를 진단하는데 있어 민감도와 특이도가 높으며, 특히 뼈의 재형성이 증가되어 Tc-99m MDP 스캔의 특이도가 낮게 나타나는 상황에서 유용하리라 사료된다. Background Three phase bone scintigraphy, performed with technetium-labeled diphosphonates (Tc-99m MDP scan), is the very sensitive radionuclide procedure of choice for diagnosing osteomyelitis. But, Tc-99m MDP scan is less specific when bone remodeling is increased. To overcome this limitation, we evaluated the diagnostic value of technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) labeled leukocyte scan in osteomyelitis. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 15 patients with suspected osteomyelitis who performed Tc-99m HMPAO labeled leukocyte scan. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis was based on clinical course and bacterial culture, and pathologic findings. Results The sensitivity and specificity of Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte scan was 100% and 78%, and those of Tc-99m MDP scan was 100% and 18%, respectively. The most common organism was Methicilein-Resistant S. aureus. Among the patients that showed persistent accumulation on Tc-99m MDP scan, three patients showed no uptake on Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte scan and these patients were confirmed that had no osteomyelitis. Conclusion : Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte scan is a useful test for determining the presence or absence of osteomyelitis, especially under condition that bone remodelin is increased.

오렌지로부터 아플라톡신B₁의 정량분석에 관한 연구

장향동,백광균,구경림,옥선미,최진석,고은주,류성렬 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.2

Aflatoxin B₁ was known to have the strongest poisonous character among Aflatoxin compounds. To search the production of Aflatoxin B1 according to the change of temperature, relative humidity and incubation days, orange incubated with Aspergillus parasiticus KCCM 35078 was incubated at 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ at relative humidity 60%, 70%, 80% and for incubation time 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days.. Production of Aflatoxin B₁ shows that the highest production appeared at 25℃ and its relative humidity 70%. The result that was quantitatively analyzed by using HPLC was 77.41ppm, and by using Fluoroscence detector was 87.87ppm. - Production of Aflatoxin B₁ shows that the lowest production appreared at 20℃ and its relative humidity 80%(HPLC), 60%(Fluoroscence detector). The result that was quantitatively analyzed by using HPLC was 4.47ppm, and by using Fluoroscence detector was 4.17ppm. The structure of Aflatoxin B₁ was identify with authentic sample by using instrumental analysis methods of GC/MS, ¹H-NMR, FT-IR respectively.

Anti-platelet Effect of Ginkgolide A from Ginkgo biloba

Ryu, Jin-Hyeob,Ro, Ju-Ye,Park, Hwa-Jin,Cho, Hyun-Jeong The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.2

Effects of ginkgolide A (GA) from Ginkgo biloba leaves in collagen ($10{\mu}g/mL$)-stimulated platelet aggregation were investigated. Zymographic analysis confirmed that pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) (92 kDa) was activated by GA to form an activated MMP-9 (86-kDa) on gelatinolytic activities. GA concentration-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation, intracellular $Ca^{2+}$; mobilization, and thromboxane $A^2$ ($TXA^2$) formation by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity in collagen-stimulated platelets. In addition, GA increased the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which have an anti-platelet function in both resting and collagen-stimulated platelets. On the other hand, GA did not prolong prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) associated with the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways on human plasma, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that the inhibitory effect of GA on platelet aggregation might involve the following pathway. GA may increase the MMP-9 activity and intracellular cAMP and cGMP production, inhibit intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization, and decrease $TXA^2$ production by down-regulating the COX-1, thereby leading to inhibition of platelet aggregation without cytotoxicity. These results strongly indicate that GA is a potent inhibitor of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation. It may play an important role as a negative regulator during platelet activation.