Layer-by-Layer Doping of Few-Layer Graphene Film

Gü,neş,, Fethullah,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Biswas, Chandan,Han, Gang Hee,Kim, Eun Sung,Chae, Seung Jin,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Young Hee American Chemical Society 2010 ACS NANO Vol.4 No.8

<P>We propose a new method of layer-by-layer (LbL) doping of thin graphene films. Large area monolayer graphene was synthesized on Cu foil by using the chemical vapor deposition method. Each layer was transferred on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate followed by a salt-solution casting, where the whole process was repeated several times to get LbL-doped thin layers. With this method, sheet resistance was significantly decreased up to ∼80% with little sacrifice in transmittance. Unlike samples fabricated by topmost layer doping, our sample shows better environmental stability due to the presence of dominant neutral Au atoms on the surface which was confirmed by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sheet resistance of the LbL-doped four-layer graphene (11 × 11 cm<SUP>2</SUP>) was 54 Ω/sq at 85% transmittance, which meets the technical target for industrial applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2010/ancac3.2010.4.issue-8/nn1008808/production/images/medium/nn-2010-008808_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn1008808'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Genetic Characterization of Haemagglutinin 1 Domain of Influenza B Viruses Isolated in Korea during $1988{\sim}1999$

Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.

농업계 고등학교 자영농과 학생들의 농업경영능력 향상을 위한 교과목 및 교육내용 개발

이근수,김진구 한국농업교육학회 2007 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.39 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 농업계 고등학교 자영농과 학생들의 농업경영능력 향상을 위한 교과목 및 교육내용을 개발하는데 있었다. 연구 목적 달성을 위하여 이 연구에서는 농업교육기관에서 개설·운영하고 있는 농업경영능력 관련 교과목 및 교육내용을 분석하였고, 전문교과 교사와 농업경영인을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였으며, 전문가 협의회를 개최하였다. 이 연구의 결과로부터 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 제7차 교육과정에는 농업경영능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 교과목이 부족하였다. 둘째, 대부분의 자영농과들은 농업경영능력을 향상시키기 위한 교과목의 이수 단위 수가 매우 부족하였다. 셋째, 농업교육기관 중 한국농업전문학교, 한국농업벤처대학, 농수산물유통공사의 유통교육원은 농업경영능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 내용들을 중심으로 구성된 다양한 교과목이나 과정을 개설·운영하고 있었다. 넷째, 전문교과 교사들과 농업경영인 대부분은 농업경영능력 관련 교육내용이 필요하다고 응답하였다. 다섯째, 연구 결과를 바탕으로 농업 경영 개론, 농업 경제, 농업 경영 계획 및 진단, 농산물 유통, 농업 마케팅, 농업 재무 관리 등의 6개 교과목 및 교육내용, 교과목별 교육과정(안)을 개발하였다. 이 연구에 의해 개발된 교과목들은 자영농과 학생들의 농업경영능력 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 기대되나, 이를 위해서는 다음과 같은 후속 조치가 이루어질 필요가 있다. 첫째, 전문 농업경영인에게 필요한 마인드를 제공할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발해야 한다. 둘째, 실제 학교 현장에서 농업경영능력 향상을 위한 교과목을 편성·운영해야 한다. 셋째, 다양한 교재가 개발되어야 한다. 넷째, 담당 교과를 가르칠 농업 교사들에게 농업경영능력 관련 재교육이 실시되어야 한다. 다섯째, 각종 소프트웨어와 실험·실습실, 기자재 확보를 위한 재정적 지원이 이루어져야 한다. 여섯째, 자영농과 학생들이 졸업 후에도 지속적으로 농업경영능력을 개발할 수 있는 지원 체제를 구축해야 한다. The objective of this study is to develop subjects and educational contents for the improvement of AMA in the SMAD students of agricultural high school. To accomplish the purpose of the study, we analized the subjects and contents related AMA, opened and operated in agricultural education agency, conducted the survey targeting experted-teacher and agricultural manager, and held the expert-conference. Major findings of this study are as follows; First, subjects which can improve AMA in the 7th national curriculum are not enough. Second, subject credits are very small for the improvement of the AMA in most schools. Third, the curriculum of Korea National Agricultural College, Korea National Venture College and Agricultural Marketing Training Institute operates the subjects and the curriculum emphasizing on AMA. Fifth, subjects such as agricultural management introduction, agricultural economics, agricultural management planning and checking, agricultural product distribution, agricultural marketing, agricultural financial management were developed and educational contents of those subjects were provided, these subjects will be helpful for the improvement of AMA. From the results of this study, recommendations are as follows; First, there is a strong need for developing new programs for the students dreaming of future self-management farmers to be expert mangers. Second, there is also a need for developing subjects for the improvement of AMA and the organization and operation also. Third, it is necessary to publish the subjects and diverse texts. Fourth, need of those related subjects agricultural teachers shoud be retrained for the improvement of AMA. Fifth, there is a need for the financial support for organizing many programs and improving the facilities for experiments, purchase of machinery. Sixth, there is need for the teaching and supporting system for the consistent improvement of the AMA after graduation.

과학계발활동 프로그램 적용이 과학성적 우수아의 과학 탐구 능력에 미치는 효과

이승택,김진국,정재구,정진우 한국초등과학교육학회 2005 초등과학교육 Vol.24 No.1

이 연구는 초등학교 과학 성적 우수아를 대상으로 과학계발활동 프로그램의 구성 및 적용이 과학탐구능력에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 과학계발활동 프로그램을 적용한 학생들은 적용하지 않은 학생들에 비하여 관찰, 측정, 자료해석, 가설 설정, 변인통제의 과학탐구요소가 더 신장된 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 과학계발활동의 운영은 과학탐구능력의 신장에 효과를 기대할 수 있으므로 교육현장에서 과학교육을 보다 다양하고 수준별로 운영할 수 있는 프로그램의 개발 및 적용 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다. This study organized a Science Improvement Activity Program designed for the excellent students in science in 5th and 6th grades. After application the effect of the program on science process skills was analyzed. The Science Improvement Activity Program was applied to the experimental group as a club activity after school during the semester. The results of this study were as follows: First, the students participated in the Science Improvement Activity showed an increase in the science process skills compared with those who didn't. Second, it was found that the students to whom the Science Improvement Activity Program was applied have improved in enhancing their science process elements of observation, measurement, data analysis, forming hypotheses, and controlling variables. It is expected that the development of activity programs and their active application should be done in order for schools to provide science education according to each student's capacity from various angles.

초등학교 어린이의 선수 활동을 통한 사회성 변화 연구

이완섭,배종진,강진구 춘천교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2003 敎育硏究 Vol.20 No.-

무선데이터 통신(2.4GHz대)을 이용한 수문 원격제어장치 개발에 관한 연구

이진구,김일수,박창언 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

The world's supply of water in all forms is enormous. However, only a tiny fraction of the planet's supply is available to us as fresh water, and that is distributed very unevenly. About 97% of water volume is found in the oceans and is too salty for drinking, growing crops, and most industrial uses except cooling. In addition, water supply crises in already-water-short-regions will intensify because population and industrialization increase. Today, remote monitoring and control systems are becoming the cost-effective management tools for almost all water user groups, including irrigators, water districts, municipal water suppliers, and wildlife management groups. This paper represents a new approach in the water-gate control using radio communication. The proposed device is simple in structure and suitable for implementation of water-gate control through the transceiver by radio communication. It was confirmed that the developed device was very efficient to control level of water-gate and to prove the up and down motion of water-gate through the LCD displayer.

平均流와 線形 溫度勾配의 影響을 고려한 4-端子 定數들의 考察

李焌瑞,兪炳玖,車京玉,朴鎭庸 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.-

From a knowledge of the source impedence, the radiation impedence to the atmosphere and the four-pole parameters of all the sections of a silencer, it is possible to determine the transmission loss of the silencer. Since the gas in exhaust system of engine is flowing with high temperature we have to consider mean flow and temperature gradient effects to obtain accurate results. In this paper we will compare four-pole parameters with mean flow and linear temperature gradient effects with several other simpler cases already in the literature and then evaluate the availability of these in exhaust system.

과훈련이 청소년 축구선수의 기분 변화에 미치는 영향

이재용,정상택,김진구,이안수 한국스포츠심리학회 2002 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.13 No.3

장기적 과훈련은 경기력 저하는 물론 심리적으로도 부정적인 결과를 초래한다고 많은 연구들은 지적하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 단기적 과훈련에 따른 고등학교 축구선수들의 기분 변화를 조사하여 코치나 감독에게 선수지도에 유용한 정보를 제공하기 위함이다. 이 실험에 참가한 피험자는 25명이 고등학교 축구선수로 평균 운동경력은 3년9개월이었다. 피험자들은 1시간 30분, 3 시간, 그리고 4 시간 30분 조건에서 훈련 전후 측정되어졌다. 각 조건에서 훈련 시 발생했을 피로를 회복시키기 위해 조건간 측정 간격을 48시간으로 하였다. 기분 변화를 측정하기 위해 McAuley와 Courneya(1994)가 만든 주관적 운동 경험 척도(Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale : SEES)를 사용했다. SEES는 (1) 긍정적 행복감(positive well-being), (2) 심리적 부정스트레스(psychological distress), (3) 피로(fatigue) 등 3가지 영역에 12가지 항목을 기초로 하여 만들어 졌다. 본 연구결과 평상시(3시간)보다 훈련 양을 증가시켜 훈련을 시켰을 때 선수들의 심리적 부정 스트레스와 피로가 증가되었고 긍정적인 행복감은 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. It is well documented that athletes who overtrained definitely experience performance decrements as well as negative training adaptations. Therefore, to improve athletic performance, athletes must be optimally trained. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of overtraining on the psychological well-being, psychological distress and fatigue of high school soccer players. Twenty-five high school soccer players were participated in this study. Their ages ranged from 17 to 18, with a mean age of 17.2 years, and mean experience of 3 years and 9 months. All subjects participated in three different training session(1 hour 30 min, 3 hours, and 4 hours 30 min) in a row. The interval of each training session was two days. The Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale(SEES) was administrated to measure subjects' mood alteration before and after each training session. The results of this study indicated that subjects in the 4 hours and 30 min overtraining condition showed more increments in fatigue and psychological distress than the rest of two conditions. The results of this study also indicated that mood disturbance which may be a potential factor influencing performance increased significantly as the training load increased. Psychological responses to overtraining results in negative effects. The present study suggests that in order to improve athletic performance, coach should understand the negative effects of overtraining in terms of psychological functioning.

현대 한국 종교의 정치참여 형태와 그 특성

이진구 한신인문학연구소 2008 종교문화연구 Vol.- No.10

This paper attempts to explore the types and characteristics of religions in contemporary Korea. There were three forms of political participation in Korean religions, specially protestantism, Roman catholicism, and Buddhism since 1945. The first was the total support of religions for the state power by accepting the anti-communism, during the period of the first republic of Korea, 1948-1960. In return, the political power gave much privileges to Korean religions, especially the protestant churches. The second was the democratization movement of liberal camps in Korean religions during the period of militant regimes, 1961-1987. For the sake of the protection of human rights of the people, the progressive groups of protestantism, Roman catholicism, and Buddhism resisted to the authoritarian rules of militant regimes. The conservative camps, of course, were submissive to the dictatorship of militant governments. The third was the political movement of religious right-wing groups in the period of democratization since 1987. As a result of collapse of militant regimes, civil society movements began to prosper. During the period of 2003-2007, however, the conservative groups among the protestant churches strongly criticized the democratic government as the left-wing and pro-North Korea regime. The protestant right-wing activists tried to change the political power by organization of NGOs or Christian political party. Finally, they succeed in the re-founding of right-wing government.

돼지 우리 깔집용 왕겨에서의 Ochratoxin A 검출

이문한,박진봉,박응복,이영재,신광순,박종명,남궁선,조준형,박근식,권택석,이재구 한국수의공중보건학회 1992 예방수의학회지 Vol.16 No.1