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TFPI inhibits breast cancer progression by suppressing ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway
Xing Mengying,Yang Ying,Huang Jiaxue,Fang Yaqun,Jin Yucui,Li Lingyun,Chen Xiang,Zhu Xiaoxia,Ma Changyan 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.7
Background: Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1 (TFPI) is a serine protease inhibitor, which is responsible for inactivating TF-induced coagulation. Recently, increasing studies revealed that TFPI was lowly expressed in tumor cells and exhibited the antitumor activity. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of TFPI in breast cancer. Methods: The expression and prognostic value of TFPI were analyzed using UALCAN and Kaplan-Meier plotter website. The expression level of TFPI in breast cancer tissues and cells was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis, respectively. Cellular proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were determined by transwell assay. The methylation level of TFPI promoter was determined by methylation-specific PCR. Results: TFPI expression was significantly lower in breast cancer tissues and cells compared to normal breast tissues and normal breast cells. Patients with low TFPI levels showed worse overall survival (OS). Furthermore, overexpression of TFPI significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Conversely, knockdown of TFPI promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, TFPI inhibited the ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in breast cancer. Moreover, DNA hypermethylation of TFPI promoter was responsible for the downregulation of TFPI in breast cancer cells. Conclusion: TFPI inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion through inhibition of the ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting that TFPI may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Sustainable Development of Indonesia`s Agricultural Sector
( Eng Seng Chia ),( Dongyu Li ),( Xutong Ma ),( Jixi Wang ),( Yiting Wang ),( Jiaxu Zhu ) 한국시스템다이내믹스학회 2016 한국시스템다이내믹스 연구 Vol.17 No.4
The Indonesian agricultural output has been struggling to provide for the demand of the rising population in recent years owing to the sluggish growth rate in this sector as compared to the overall performance of the economy. While the current slash-and-burn technique widely employed by Indonesian peasants is able to boost the output in the short term, its negative implications on the environment and the constraints in available forest area casts doubts to its sustainability in the long run. As the results from our iThink model simulation has illustrated, the output will cease increasing and decline in about 90 years” time due to the drastic drop in forest coverage. Based on the sensitivity analysis of the affecting factors, three policy amendments are proposed to avert the gloomy perspective, namely increasing funding for Research and Development, curbing burning activities, and actively returning abandoned land to forests. With the effective implementation of the suggested policies, the growth in the agricultural sector will be steered back to a sustainable track, which is further confirmed by the model projection.
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