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Effect of Functional Beverage on Weight Control and Body Fat Mass in Overweight Women
( Jey Sook Chae ),( Jong Ho Lee ),( Soo Jeong Koh ),( Yang Soo Jang ),( Jin Hee Lee ) 한국응용약물학회 2003 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.11 No.4
N/A Carnitine, hydroxycitric acid, and soy peptide have been known to be anti-obesity agents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of carnitine, hydroxycitric acid, and soy peptide mixture as a potential anti-obesity supplement in overweight women. Overweight premenopausal women (n=33; PIBW>110; 20 to 39 years) were randomized into two groups: the placebo group and the functional beverage group (the test group). Functional beverage was composed of 2000 mg soy peptide, 20 mg L-carnitine and 300 mg garcinia (40% hydroxycitric acid). Body weight and 3 day food diaries, biochemical measurements and computerized tomography were measured at baseline and 8-week. After 8-week consumption of functional beverage with usual diet and exercise, body weight fell an average of 1.4 kg(2.1%). Visceral fat area reduced an average of 7.8% at L1(69.6 18.7 vs 64.2 17.5㎠) and 5.1%(60.7 14.9 vs 57.6±4.8㎠, p<0.05) at L4 level after weight loss in the test group. Calf fat area in the test group showed about 10% reduction (31.0±2.7 vs 27.7±1.7㎠, p<0.05) after weight loss. These reductions in fat areas were not shown in the placebo group. There were tendencies of increase in serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and total ketones in the test group. There were 7% and 17% insignificant increase in fasting free fatty acid (FFA) and response area of FFA during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), respectively, in this group. In addition, little weight loss in the test group showed 8% but not significant reduction in insulin response area during OGTT. In conclusion, this study shows that taking a mixture of carnitine, hydroxycitric acid, and soy peptide as a potential anti-obesity supplement for 8-week produced advantageous changes in the weight and visceral fat accumulation of overweight women.
Chae, Jey Sook,Kwak, Jung Hyun,Kim, Minjoo,Shin, Kyoung Hun,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Jeong, Tae-Sook,Lee, Jong Ho Kluwer Academic Publishers 2014 Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis Vol.38 No.4
<P>A379V variant in the lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA 2) gene is known to be functional, but there are contradicting data concerning the A379V polymorphism, Lp-PLA2 activity and cardiovascular disease risk. We determined the interplay between A379V SNP, Lp-PLA2 activity, and markers of oxidative stress and endothelial function with and without the effect of V279F variant. 3,220 unrelated and healthy Koreans (40-79 years) were genotyped for the Lp-PLA 2 polymorphism (A379V and V279F). Lp-PLA2 activity and markers of oxidative stress and endothelial function were measured. Lp-PLA2 activity was 3.9% higher in A/V subjects (n = 821) and 7.8% in V/V (n = 79) than in those with A/A (n = 2,320). Urinary levels of 8-epi-PGF2α were significantly lower in subjects with the A/V or the V/V genotype than in those with the A/A genotype (A/A; 1,426 14, A/V; 1,371 26, V/V; 1,199 58 pg/mg creatinine, P = 0.003). Subjects with the 379 V/V genotype had lower serum concentrations of sICAM-1 and p-selectin compared to those with the A/A or the A/V genotype. When subjects were further stratified into subgroups based on the combination of A379V and V279F genotypes, there was no significant association between A379V genotypes and Lp-PLA2 activities in the 279 V/V group. However, the associations of the A379V SNP with levels of 8-epi-PGF2α, sICAM-1, and p-selectin remained in the subset analysis based on the V279F genotypes. This study showed a reduction in oxidative stress in subjects carrying 379V allele and the recessive effect of the A379V on the endothelial function. It is likely that the A379V polymorphism has a qualitative effect, probably by disrupting the affinity of Lp-PLA2 for platelet-activating factor substrate, towards a more anti-oxidative or anti-atherogenic form.</P>
Chae, Jey Sook,Kim, Oh Yoen,Paik, Jean Kyung,Kang, Ryungwoo,Seo, Woo Ju,Jeong, Tae-Sook,Sweeney, Gary,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Lee, Jong Ho Elsevier 2011 Atherosclerosis Vol.218 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Objective</B></P><P>We investigated an association between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A<SUB>2</SUB> (Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB>) activity, inflammation, and oxidative stress in women with metabolic syndrome (MS).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We performed a case–control study in MS women (<I>n</I>=368) and non-MS women (<I>n</I>=854). Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity LDL particle size; leukocyte number; ox-LDL, LDL-cholesterol, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels were measured.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>MS women had smaller LDL particle size; higher plasma ox-LDL levels and Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity; and higher serum TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP, than non-MS women. In controls, Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity weakly but significantly correlated with LDL-cholesterol; in MS women, Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol, ox-LDL, TNF-α, and IL-6 after adjusting for age and BMI. The relationship between Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity and ox-LDL still maintained after further adjustment for LDL-cholesterol. Additionally, Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity together with LDL particle size were significant independent predictors of MS (multivariate analysis), and ox-LDL was a major contributor to the increase in Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity in MS women (multiple stepwise regression). In a subgroup analysis, Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity was negatively associated with IL-6 levels in non-MS postmenopausal women, but positively with IL-6 in both postmenopausal and premenopausal women with MS. Postmenopausal women with MS had significantly higher Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity, ox-LDL and IL-6 than those without MS, and premenopausal women with or without MS, after the adjustment.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Elevated plasma Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity was associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6 and ox-LDL in MS women. This association was also affected by menopause status, suggesting that Lp-PLA<SUB>2</SUB> may represent a novel marker for oxidation and inflammation in MS.</P>
Chae, Jey Sook,Kang, Ryungwoo,Kwak, Jung Hyun,Paik, Jean Kyung,Kim, Oh Yoen,Kim, Minjoo,Park, Ji Won,Jeon, Justin Y.,Lee, Jong Ho American Diabetes Association 2012 Diabetes Care Vol.35 No.8
<P><B>OBJECTIVE</B></P><P>To determine the association of regular exercise, BMI, and fasting glucose with the risk of type 2 diabetes and to predict the risk.</P><P><B>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</B></P><P>Korean subjects (<I>n</I> = 7,233; 40–79 years old) who were not diagnosed with diabetes at baseline were enrolled through the National Health Insurance Corporation. All participants underwent biennial examinations, and 1,947 of 7,233 subjects also underwent a 6-month program of moderate-intensity exercise (300 min/week) without dietary advice.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>During follow-up (mean = 2 years), there were 303 incidents of type 2 diabetes in the nonexercise program group (<I>n</I> = 5,286) and 83 in the exercise program group (<I>n</I> = 1,947). After adjusting for confounders, the risk of type 2 diabetes was positively associated with BMI and inversely with regular exercise, especially among overweight/obese subjects. After further adjustment for BMI, the odds ratios for risk of diabetes associated without and with regular exercise were 1.00 and 0.77, respectively. Among subjects with normal fasting glucose, exercise reduced the diabetes risk; however, among those with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), the protective effect of exercise was found only among overweight/obese subjects. The overweight/obese subjects in the exercise program group exhibited improved fasting glucose compared with the nonexercise program group and showed 1.5 kg of weight loss and a 3-cm decrease in waist circumference. Among overweight/obese subjects with unchanged fasting glucose, weight loss was greater in the exercise program group.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B></P><P>Regular exercise reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in overweight/obese individuals. Particularly, regular exercise and weight or waist circumference control are critical factors for preventing diabetes in overweight/obese individuals with IFG.</P>
Jang, Yangsoo,Chae, Jey Sook,Kim, Oh Yoen,Park, Hey Jun,Kim, Ji Young,Paik, Jean Kyung,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Lee, Jong Ho Elsevier 2010 Atherosclerosis Vol.211 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Objective</B></P><P>We aimed to determine the influence of apolipoprotein A5 gene (<I>APOA5</I>)-1131<I>T</I>><I>C</I> single nucleotide polymorphism on the effects of dietary intervention and regular exercise (DIRE) targeting ApoA5 and triglyceride (TG) concentrations.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Hypertriglyceridemia patients (TG, 150–500mg/dL, <I>n</I>=283) undertook a 12-week DIRE (replacing 1/3 of refined rice in their diets with legumes, increasing vegetable intake, and regular walking).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Pre-treatment, no genotype-related differences were detected in ApoA5, TG, or HDL cholesterol levels; however, post-treatment, subjects homozygous (<I>T</I>/<I>T</I>) for the <I>T</I> allele had lower serum TG (<I>P</I>=0.009) and higher HDL cholesterol (<I>P</I>=0.036) than other subjects. In <I>T</I>/<I>T</I> subjects, after adjustments for age, sex and weight changes (<I>r</I>1) or initial TG levels (<I>r</I>2), changes in ApoA5 levels negatively correlated with TG changes (<I>r</I>1=−0.29, <I>P</I>=0.05, <I>r</I>2=−0.28, <I>P</I><0.1) and positively correlated with changes in HDL cholesterol (<I>r</I>1=0.30, <I>P</I><0.05, <I>r</I>2=0.32, <I>P</I><0.05) and free fatty acid (<I>r</I>1=0.38, <I>P</I><0.01, <I>r</I>2=0.40, <I>P</I><0.01). In those with moderate hypertriglyceridemia (TG, 200–500mg/dL, <I>n</I>=130), <I>APOA5</I>-1131<I>T</I>/<I>T</I> carriers achieved significantly lower TG (<I>P</I>=0.007) and higher HDL cholesterol (<I>P</I><0.001) than −1131<I>C</I> allele carriers. Additionally, statistically significant interactions between the −1131<I>T</I>><I>C</I> and the compliance of DIRE were found for the change in TG (<I>P</I>=0.002) and HDL cholesterol (<I>P</I>=0.039). In good compliance group, <I>T</I>/<I>T</I> subjects showed greater reduction of TG and higher increase of HDL cholesterol than other subjects. On the other hand, non-good compliance group had no significant improvement in these variables.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P><I>APOA5</I>-1131<I>T</I>/<I>T</I> carriers may benefit more from the DIRE than <I>C</I> allele carriers. These effects were remarkable in patients with moderate hypertriglyceridemia and the individuals with good compliance.</P>
Chung, Hye Kyung,Chae, Jey Sook,Hyun, Yae Jung,Paik, Jean Kyung,Kim, Ji Young,Jang, Yangsoo,Kwon, Hyuck Moon,Song, Young Duk,Lee, Hyun Chul,Lee, Jong Ho American Diabetes Association 2009 Diabetes care Vol.32 No.4
<P><B>OBJECTIVE</B></P><P>The aim of this study was to determine the effect of common adiponectin gene polymorphisms on dietary intervention-mediated changes in adiponectin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indexes.</P><P><B>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</B></P><P>A total of 363 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes followed a dietary intervention (replacement of cooked refined rice with whole grains and an increase in vegetable intake) and regular walking for 12 weeks without any medication. Adiponectin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (45, 276, and −11377) were examined in these subjects.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>After this dietary intervention, fasting glucose levels decreased in all three SNP 45T>G genotype groups. Subjects with the SNP 45TT genotype showed increased adiponectin levels and decreased HOMA-IR indexes. Haplotype analysis revealed that homozygous carriers of the TG haplotype (45TT and 276GG) and heterozygous carriers of the TG haplotype (TG/X) showed a reduction in the HOMA-IR index after adjustment for baseline levels. Significant differences were observed in changes in HOMA-IR indexes and adiponectin concentrations according to the 45-276 TG haplotype in overweight-obese, but not in normal-weight subjects: the greatest decrease in HOMA-IR indexes and the greatest increase in adiponectin levels were shown in overweight-obese subjects with the TG/TG haplotype.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B></P><P><I>ADIPOQ</I> genetic variants can affect circulating adiponectin levels and insulin resistance indexes in subjects with IFG or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in response to dietary intervention.</P>
Jung, Saem,Kim, Minjoo,Chae, Jey Sook,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Joo, Jaehyun,Lee, Jong Ho Japan Atherosclerosis Society 2014 Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis Vol.21 No.12
<P>Identifying differences in plasma metabolic profiling between Lp-PLA2 279VV and 279FF in individuals without metabolic syndrome (MetS) can be used to elucidate the roles of novel Lp-PLA2 activities in normal physiological processes.</P>