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Virus-like Particles and Cellular Changes in Plants Infected with Sweetpotato Viruses
Sim, Jeong-Gu,Valverde, Rodrigo,Clark, Christopher,Chun, Se-Chul The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.1
Studies with the transmission electron microscope were used to detect and attempt to identify viruses infecting sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) and other Ipomoea species. Flexuous-rods, short curved-rods, and spherical virus-like particles were observed in cells of symptomatic plants. Also, various cytopathic changes such as crystals, vesicles, fibril structures, and cylindrical inclusions were observed. The present study showed that some of these cytopathic changes were associated with some viral groups, which might be helpful in diagnosis.
구미옥,조명숙,조용애,정재심,은영,정인숙,박정숙,김혜정 병원간호사회 2012 임상간호연구 Vol.18 No.1
Purpose: This study was conducted with an aim to get a kind of priorities in developing the evidence-based nursing practice guidelines in fields. Methods: This study utilized a two-round Delphi surveys from November to December, 2010 with self-administered questionnaires which had a scale ranged from 0 to 9. A total of 95 head nurses working at the forty different general hospitals was asked to evaluate the priorities in four criteria; patient coverage, certainty, improvement in patient outcome and in nursing practice (first round) and 65 head nurses were asked to decide the importance of the criteria afterwards (second round). Results: The relative importance of 4 criteria was 22.3% in patient coverage, 26.5% in certainty, 23.5% in improvement of patient outcome, and 27.7% in improvement of nursing practice as the results of the 1st round and 20.6%, 26.6%, 24.8%, and 28.0% for the 2nd round, respectively. Top five nursing practices showed high scores after considering the relative importances of the 4 criteria were medication, intravenous therapy, checking vital sign, pain management, and diagnostic test or procedures care. Conclusion: It is recommended to take into account of the priorities that were found in this study when someone intends to develop a evidence-based nursing practice guideline.
구미옥,조명숙,조용애,정재심,정인숙,박정숙,김혜정,은영 병원간호사회 2011 임상간호연구 Vol.17 No.3
Purpose: This study was to identify topics for evidence-based clinical nursing practice guidelines in Korea. Methods: Data were collected from 330 staff nurses from 10 general hospitals and 53 nurses in charge of nursing education in 110 hospitals with over 500 beds. Using open questions, the nurses identified activities which could not be verified, which lacked consistency among nurses, clinical units and/or hospitals, which were not based on the up-to-date knowledge and which needed reform. The data were analysed by content analysis using a qualitative methodology. Results: Collected data consisted of 1882 clinical topics, which were classified into 50 topics, 207 mid-categories, and 456 sub-categories. The most frequent topics in order of frequency were medications, central line management, intravenous injections, urinary catheterization, perioperative nursing care, skin tests, pressure ulcer care, blood transfusions, laboratory examination-culture, respiratory care which were performed routinely in clinical setting by staff nurses. Conclusion: The research findings indicate the urgent need to develop evidence-based clinical nursing practice guidelines related to these research findings. Further research is needed to identify topics related to health promotion, and symptom/management of health problem.
( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Eun-sook Park ),( Ah Ram Lee ),( Doo Hyun Kim ),( Sung Hyun Ahn ),( Hee Woo Sim ),( Soree Park ),( Hong Seok Kang ),( Ju Hee Won ),( Yea Na Ha ),( Gu-choul Shin ),( So Young Kwon ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is the most potent nucleoside analog for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Genotypic resistance to tenofovir has not yet been reported. This study aimed to characterise HBV mutations that confer tenofovir resistance. Methods: Two consecutive patients with viral breakthrough during treatment with TDF-containing regimens were prospectively enrolled. The gene encoding HBV reverse transcriptase (RT) was sequenced. Nine HBV clones harbouring a series of mutations in the RT gene were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. Drug susceptibility of each clone was determined by Southern blot analysis and real-time PCR. Relative frequency of mutants were evaluated by ultra-deep sequencing. Results: (Please understand that actual mutation site numbers were replaced by bold, underlined alphabetical letters since they are now confidential due to embargo policy.) Seven mutations (rtSaaaC [C], rtHbbbY [Y], rtDcccE [E], rtVdddL, rtLeeeM, rtMfffV, and rtLgggI) were commonly found in viral isolates from both patients after viral breakthrough; C, Y, and E were novel mutations. An HBV mutant harbouring all three mutations (CYE) was resistant to tenofovir. The IC<sub>50</sub> values for wild-type HBV and the CYE mutant were 3·8 ± 0·6 μM and 14·1 ± 1·8 μM, respectively. Ultra-deep sequencing showed that CYE mutant was dominant than any other mutant in both patients. All tenofovir-resistant mutants had similar susceptibility to a core inhibitor, NVR 3-778 (IC<sub>50</sub> < 0·4 μM) compared with wild-type (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0·4). Conclusions: Our study reveals that a novel triple mutation (CYE) is associated with tenofovir-resistance. These results demonstrate that tenofovir-resistant HBV mutants can emerge, although the genetic barrier is high. A novel core inhibitor might be a potential rescue therapy for tenofovir-resistant HBV.
제어 시스템 설계를 위한 IEC 1131-3 기반의 제어 로직 생성기의 개발
정구,심주현,이제필,이철수 한국공작기계학회 2001 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2001 No.-
This paper describes the methodology of an IEC 1131-3-based control logic generator for the control system design and converting algorithm between programmable languages. The proposed control logic generator is generated based on the software model and common element with data type, variables, POUs(program organization unit) and execution control unit commonly used within programmable languages of IEC 1131-3 Standard. The generation method of object file was proposed on five programmable language based on IEC1131-3. The generation method of object file is represented as following; 1) the generation method using conversion algorithm from LD to IL with FBD(function block diagram), 2) the generation method using C code generation algorithm from SFC using the SFC execution sequence with FBD and ST(structured text). The proposed control logic generator was implemented by Visual C++ and MFC on MS-windows NT 4.0