Impact of Irradiation Time on the Hydrolysis of Waste Activated Sludge by the Dielectric Heating of Microwave

Tae Joo Park,Im Gyu Byun,Jae Ho Lee,Ji Sung Lim,Jeong Min Lee 대한환경공학회 2014 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.19 No.1

The effects of initial solid concentration and microwave irradiation (MWI) time on the hydrolysis of waste activated sludge (WAS)were investigated. MWI time strongly influenced WAS hydrolysis for all initial solid concentrations of 8.20, 31.51, and 52.88 g VSS/L. For all WAS, the volatile suspended solids (VSS) solubilization degree ranged from 35.6% to 38.4% during a total MWI time of 10 min. Solublechemical oxygen demand (SCOD) concentration increased at a rate proportional to the decrease of VSS during the MWI. However, the clearly different VSS solubilization patterns that were observed during the MWI were explained by the 2-step hydrolysis of WAS, consisting of the initial disintegration of the easily degradable part of the sludge, followed by the subsequent disintegration of the hardlydegradable part of the sludge. WAS hydrolysis rates for 3 to 6 min of MWI were significantly lower than those for less than 3 min, or more than 6 min. From these results, 3 min MWI time and WAS of 31.51 g VSS/L (centrifugal thickener WAS) showed the most efficienthydrolysis of WAS at 36.0%. The profiles of total nitrogen (T-N) concentrations corresponded well to the SCOD increases in terms of the empirical formula of bacterial cell mass (C5H7O₂N). The negligible T-N increase and pH decrease during WAS hydrolysis by MWI will allowthe application of this process to subsequent biological processes, such as anaerobic digestion.

Saos-2 세포에서 Doxorubicin에 의한 세포사멸 유도과정에서의 유전자 발현 변화

임정숙,배민재,백석환,김재룡,김정희,김성용 영남대학교 의과대학 2005 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Background: Doxorubicin has proved to be a useful chemotherapeutic agent especially for osteogenic sarcoma. It induces cancer cell death via apoptosis. Materials and Methods: To explore and analyze the change of gene expression during doxorubicin induced apoptosis on human osteogenic sarcoma, Saos-2 cell cDNA microarray was performed. After treatment with doxorubicin, total RNA was purified and expressed genes were investigated with a 17k human cDNA micoarray. Results: For analysis of the cDNA micoarray, the genes were filtered using the sum of the median value of Cy2 and Cy5 signal intensity of greater than 800. Expression of 264 genes was changed by more than 2 fold, and the expression of 35 genes was changed more than 3 fold after treatment with doxorubicin. The genes were primarily related to cell death, cell growth and maintenance, signal transduction, cellular component, transport, and metabolism. Conclusion: Treatment with doxorubicin induced expressional change of many genes. Some of the genes might be related with apoptosis directly or indirectly. Further study is now needed to characterize these genes.

하악 유구치 치근단 병소에 의해 변위된 계승 영구치의 맹출유도

양수민,김재곤,백병주,양연미,한지혜 대한소아치과학회 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

적절히 치료받지 못한 유치의 치수 감염은 치근단 주위로 확산되고 그 치근단 병소는 계승 영구치의 조기 맹출, 법랑질의 저형성이나 저석회화, 발육정지 등의 합병증을 야기할 수 있다. 특히 유치의 치근단 감염은 계승치의 변위를 야기할 수 있으며, 계승 영구치배의 위치변화는 선행 유치의 치수변성으로 인한 것이 가장 많다. 본 증례보고는 하악 유구치의 치근단 병소에 의해 계승치가 변위된 경우로서, 증례 1은 하악 우측 유구치 하방의 치근단 낭에 의한 계승치의 변위가 관찰되어 유치 발치 및 조대술을 시행한 후 obturator를 장착하였고, 증례 2는 하악 우측 제2유구치 하방의 치근단 농양에 의한 계승치의 변위가 관찰되어 유치를 발거하고 공간유지장치를 장착하였다. 본 증례를 통하여 하악 유구치 치근단 병소에 의해 계승 영구치가 심한 변위을 나타낸 경우, 적절한 치료를 통해 계승 영구치의 적절한 맹출을 유도할 수 있었기에 보고하는 바이다. Primary teeth and the permanent successor must be understood as interdependent units, where each one of them interacts with and depends upon the other. The spread of pulpal inflammation in primary teeth to the periradicular tissues can lead to early eruption, enamel hypoplasia or hypocalcification, developmental arrest of permanent successor. Also the periapical inflammation cause permanent tooth displacement in various direction. We describe here two clinical cases of displaced permanent successor caused by periapical lesion of mandibular primary molar in children.

경지정리사업의 확장편익-비용분석 : 충남서산시 지곡지구를 중심으로 With Respect to Jigok Land Consolidation and On-farm Development Project in Seosan, Chungnam Province, Korea

임재환,이민수 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.1

The economic feasibility analysis including benefit-cost ratio and internal rate of return of a land consolidation and on-farm development project was mainly depended upon the direct benefits and costs arising during project life. Therefore th projects were neglected in allocating the government's financial funds and loans on account of the low economic rate of return of the project. Accordingly the extended benefit - cost analysis method should be introduced and adapted to cover not only the benefits such as non-market values of environmental and food security functions of the project but also market values of the project outputs. The main purposes of this study are (1) to prepare a guideline for economic feasibility analysis based on the IBRD and ADB guidelines, (2) to estimate the benefits from productivity increase, labor saving, savings of O&M cost of farm mechanization and project facilities, savings of farmer's burden for their public health, increasing environmental and public functional value of paddy fields, improving food security condition and formation of peaceful and uncontroversial rural society by implementing the land consolidation and on-farm development, (3) to introduce the newly adapted analytical method as the extended benefit cost analysis which could make possible to be included the values of non-market goods such as the food security and the environmental public function of paddy fields. To carry out this study, the existing publications on the guidelines for economic analysis of agricultural projects were reviewed and consultation was made with a hydrologist. For the post evaluation studdy of the land consolidation and on-farm development project, field survey in Jigok and other comparative area were made to get available information. According to the project completion report, Jigok land consolidation and on-farm development project has 55㏊ of benefit area out of 69㏊ of gross area. The project was started in November 11th, 2000 and completed october 30th, 2001. The total project costs were amounted to 2,548 million won and the annual project benefits were estimated at 335million won evaluated by domestic market prices. The ERR(Economic Rate of Return) and SRR(Social Rate of Return) of the project based on the shadow pricing system were estimated at 4.4% and 16% respectively. On the other hand, the ERR and SRR based on the domestic market value system were amounted to 6.37% and 14,62%. In conclusion, Korean land consolidation and on-farm development projects have not carried out from the view point of economic rate of return under shadow pricing system but from the view pont of domestic pricing system. For the future feasibility studies on land consolidation project have to be carried out including the non-market values as environmental and food security function of the projects.

光穀生産에 있어서 灌漑用水의 限界便益·費用分析

林裁煥,李閔洙 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2001 농업과학연구 Vol.28 No.2

Rice cultivation is not only the main resource of farm income and staple food but also the root of cultural life of Korean people. Korean government has carried out irrigation water development with heavy investment to cope with water shortage in rice farming as a link of the five years economic development plans. In spite of the continuous accomplishment of irrigation water development the marginal benefits - costs of irrigation water has not been studied. Owing to the government full support for the operation and maintenance of irrigation facilities, price of irrigation water as a membership fee could not be formed as the municipal and industrial water prices. Accordingly this study is aimed at identifying firstly the marginal benefits - cost of irrigation water, secondly deriving the macro-econometrics models as supply and demand functions of irrigation water and thirdly examining the marginal benefits - cost ratio. The trends of supply and demand prices of irrigation water were estimated annually. Considering the marginal benefits - cost ratio as 1.3, it was identified that additional irrigation water development projects still have an economic feasibility under the present economic situation in Korea.

혼합치열기의 miniscrew를 이용한 교정치료

임수민,양연미,김재곤,백병주,이용훈,신정근 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Anchorage plays an important role in orthodontic treatment, Skeletal anchorage like the miniscrew is considered a more effective method in anchorage control than conventional anchorage which needs much patient s cooperation. The miniscrew offers many advantages. 1) It is easy to insert and to remove. 2) It can endure the force needed for moving teeth. 3) It can be immediately loaded and 4) Patient cooperation is not needed. 5) It is economic compared to other skeletal anchorage systems, In comparison to adult's bones, children s bones have comparatively poor bone quality and quantity. Therefore, it is hard to obtain primary stability in younger patients. However, if the miniscrew can be retained successfully, it will be effective in many orthodontic treatments. In these cases we used the miniscrew in correcting of diastema, in aligning dental midline, and in rendering a forced eruption of impacted tooth in mixed dentition patient. We obtained satisfactory results. 교정치료 시 고정원은 항상 염두에 두면서 치료를 진행해야 하는 중요한 요소이다. 전통적인 고정원을 이용한 치료는 환자의 적극적인 협조를 필요로 하고 원하는 치아이동에 대한 반작용이 나타날 수 있는 등의 부작용을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 보다 견고한 구강 내 고정원이 요구되어져 왔으며 이를 위해 miniscrew가 임상에서 흔히 이용되고 있다. Miniscrew를 통한 고정원의 확보는 구외력 의존도 감소,치료기간의 단축,식립 후 즉시 교정력 적용,환자의 협조도 불필요,식립의 간편성,저렴한 비용 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 성장기 환자는 성인에 비해 골질이 좋지 않아 miniscrew의 성공률이 성인에 비해 낮다. 그러나 일단 고정에 성공하면 많은 교정치료 시 매우 유용하게 이용할 수 있다. 본 증례는 흔합치열기 환자를 miniscrew를 이용하여 정중이개 및 정중선 불일치,매복치에 대한 양호한 교정치료를 하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

The Relationship between the Salivary IgA against Ag I/II of S.mutans and Dental Caries Experience among Children and Adults

임수민,김재곤,백병주,양연미,김수경,이경열 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

치아 우식증은 감염성 질환의 하나로 치아우식의 원인균은 Streptococcus mutans(S. mutansJ와 같은 mutans stepto-cocci로 알려져 있다. S. mutans가 치면에 접착하여 군집을 형성하는 능력은 균독성에 중요한 역할을 하는데. Agl/IT와 같은 세포 표면의 섬유성 단백질을 매개로 한다. Secretory 1gA는 타액이나 누 · 비액, 초유, 그리고 폐나 소화기관의 분비액에서 선택적으로 다량 발견되는데 타액에서 se cretory 19A는 S. mutans의 대사활동을 억제하고 치면으로의 부착을 방해한다. 이전의 몇몇 연구에서 S. mutans에 특이적인 타액 내 IgA와 우식경험도는 역상관관계를 보인다고 발표하였다. 그러나 다른 연구에서 통계적 유의성이 없다고 보고하기도 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 소아 성인의 치아우식증과 S. mutans의 Ag I/II에 특이적인 타액 내 IgA와의 관계를 알가위한 것이다. 이를 위해 소아(평균6세) 28명, 성인(20-30세) 18명을 대상으로 Group I(deft index ≤ 3). Group II (deft index ≥ 4), Group III (DMFT index ≤ 3), Group IV (DMFT index ≥ 4)로 분류하였다. 그리고 caries resistant group(CR group, deft or DMFT index ≤ 3)과 caries susceptible group(CS group. deft or DMFT index ≥ 4)으로 분류하였다. S. mutans 수와 우식 경험도 간에는 통계적으로 유의 한 상관관계를 나타냈다. Agl/II 특이 salivary IgA titer는 Group III 이 Group II 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 더 컸으며, CR group이 CS group보다 유의하게 크게 나타났다. AgI/II of Streptococcus muiens(S. mutens) is an important virulence factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of S. mutans-induced dental caries. In oral cavity, salivary IgA antibodies act as safeguards against enormous challenges from oral bacteria. IgA antibodies inhibit adherence of cariogenic microorganisms to hard surfaces. Analysis of salivary IgA against AgI/II can be very useful diagnostic and powerful communication tools to the dental caries The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation between salivary AgI/II specific IgA and incidence of dental caries among children and young adults. Subjects consisted of 28 children and 18 adults. They were as￢signed to four groups: Group I (deft index ≤ 3), Group lI (deft index ≥ 4), Group Ill (DMFT index ≤ 3), Group IV (DMFT index ≥ 4) and they was divided two groups into caries resistant group and caries susceptible group. The study group were examined caries activity and their salivary IgA was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results are as follows : 1. There was a positive correlation between the number of S. mutans and caries activity. 2.The titer of salivary IgA against the AgI/II was significantly higher in caries resistant group than caries susceptible group(p<0.01). 3. The titer of salivary IgA against the AgI/II in Group Ill was significantly higher than Group II (p<0.05).

저크비용함수를 이용한 골프 숙련자와 초보자간의 퍼팅 동작 분석

임영태,최진승,한영민,김형식,이정한,전재훈,탁계래 한국운동역학회 2006 한국운동역학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Ganglioside GM1 influences the proliferation rate of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells

( Jae-sung Ryu ),( Kyu-tae Chang ),( Ju-taek Lee ),( Malg-um Lim ),( Hyun-ki Min ),( Yoon-ju Na ),( Su-bin Lee ),( Gislain Moussavou ),( Sun-uk Kim ),( Ji-su Kim ),( Kinarm Ko ),( Kisung Ko ),( Kyung- 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2017 BMB Reports Vol.50 No.6

The ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS should be corrected as follows, "This research was supported by a grant (Code# PJ0074922012) from the Korean Rural Development Administration, and has been supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education Science and Technology (2010-0022316 and KCG5401011), and the KRIBB/KRCF Research Initiative Program (NAP), Korea. The published article in this journal was a part of the 2013 Doctoral thesis of Jae-Sung Ryu submitted to Wonkwang University, Korea." and not "This research was supported by a grant (Code# PJ0074922012) from the Korean Rural Development Administration, and has been supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education Science and Technology (2010-0022316 and KCG5401011), and the KRIBB/KRCF Research Initiative Program (NAP), Korea."

유화중합을 이용한 4원공중합 바인더의 제조와 특성

임종민,하선희,임재길,설수덕 東亞大學校 大學院 2004 大學院論文集 Vol.29 No.-

Styrene-Acrylonitrile-Ethylacrylate-N-Methyloacryamide Prepared by emulsion polymerization has broad applications for additives such as paint binder, adhesive for wood and paper due to its low glass transition temperature which help to plasticize substrate resins. Since emulsion polymerization has disadvantage that surfactant and ionic initiator degrade properties of the product polymer, Poly(St-EA-AN-NMA) was synthesized using ammonium persulfate(APS) as catalyst and sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) as emulsion to prevent the degradation. The copolymer binder product was internally plasticized and has enhanced colloid stability, adhesion, tensile strength and elongation. During binder emulsion polymerization, no coagulation and complete conversion occur with the reactant mixture of 3.34wt%/monomer ammonium persulfate, 2.33wt%/monomer sodium lauryl sulfate, and the balanced monomer that the weight ratio of Styrene, Ethylacrylate, Acrylonitrile are 47wt%/monomer, 32wt%/monomer, 6.4wt%/monomer. The activation energies for 37, 42, 47, 52% Styrene content were checked as 28.1~36kcal/mol by Kissinger's method. Actually, reasonable solid content could be considered as 56% because of activation energy and adhesive characteristics.